PRMT4 interacts with NCOA4 to inhibit ferritinophagy in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly seen in the clinical practice, and ferroptosis, a type of non-apoptotic cell death, plays a pivotal role in it. Previous studies suggested that protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) was incorporated in various bioprocesses, but its role in renal injuries has not been investigated. Our present study showed that PRMT4 was highly expressed in renal proximal tubular cells, and it was downregulated in cisplatin-induced AKI. Besides, genetic disruption of PRMT4 exacerbated, while its overexpression attenuated, cisplatin-induced redox injuries in renal proximal epithelia. Mechanistically, our work showed that PRMT4 interacted with NCOA4 to inhibit ferritinophagy, a type of selective autophagy favoring lipid peroxidation to accelerate ferroptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PRMT4 interacted with NCOA4 to attenuate ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced AKI, suggesting that PRMT4 might present as a new therapeutic target for cisplatin-related nephropathy.

Fluoride impairs vascular smooth muscle A7R5 cell lines via disrupting amino acids metabolism.

Given the insidious and high-fatality nature of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the emergence of fluoride as a newly identified risk factor demands serious consideration alongside traditional risk factors. While vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the progression of CVDs, the toxicological impact of fluoride on VSMCs remains largely uncharted. In this study, we constructed fluorosis model in SD rats and A7R5 aortic smooth muscle cell lines to confirm fluoride impaired VSMCs. Fluoride aggravated the pathological damage of rat aorta in vivo. Then A7R5 were exposed to fluoride with concentration ranging from 0 to 1200 µmol/L over a 24-h period, revealing a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. The further metabolomic analysis showed alterations in metabolite profiles induced by fluoride exposure, notably decreasing organic acids and lipid molecules level. Additionally, gene network analysis underscored the frequency of fluoride's interference with amino acids metabolism, potentially impacting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our results also highlighted the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters pathway as a central element in VSMC impairment. Moreover, we observed a dose-dependent increase in osteopontin (OPN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA level and a dose-dependent decrease in ABC subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) and bestrophin 1 (BEST1) mRNA level. These findings advance our understanding of fluoride as a CVD risk factor and its influence on VSMCs and metabolic pathways, warranting further investigation into this emerging risk factor.

Unraveling the distribution pattern and driving forces of soil microorganisms under geographic barriers.

The Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) in northern China are forest regions dominated by coniferous trees. These geographically isolated regions provide an ideal setting for studying microbial biogeographic patterns. In this study, we employed high-throughput techniques to obtain DNA sequences of soil myxomycetes, bacteria, and fungi and explored the mechanisms underlying the assembly of both local and cross-regional microbial communities in relation to environmental factors. Our investigation revealed that the environmental heterogeneity in ALE and GKM significantly affected the succession and assembly of soil bacterial communities at cross-regional scales. Specifically, the optimal environmental factors affecting bacterial Bray-Curtis similarity were elevation and temperature seasonality. The spatial factors and climate change impact on bacterial communities under the geographical barriers surpassed that of local soil microenvironments. The assembly pattern of bacterial communities transitions from local drift to cross-regional heterogeneous selection. Environmental factors had a relatively weak influence on myxomycetes and fungi. Both soil myxomycetes and fungi faced considerable dispersal limitation at local and cross-regional scales, ultimately leading to weak geographical distribution patterns.IMPORTANCEThe impact of environmental selection and dispersal on the soil microbial spatial distribution is a key concern in microbial biogeography, particularly in large-scale geographical patterns. However, our current understanding remains limited. Our study found that soil bacteria displayed a distinct cross-regional geographical distribution pattern, primarily influenced by environmental selection. Conversely, the cross-regional geographical distribution patterns of soil myxomycetes and fungi were relatively weak. Their composition exhibited a weak association with the environment at local and cross-regional scales, with assembly primarily driven by dispersal limitation.

A multiscale analysis of coralline algae Lithophylloideae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) shedding new light on understanding cryptic diversity.

Cryptic diversity abounds in many biological species, posing challenges to our understanding of biological diversity, conservation and management. Taking the common coralline algae, the subfamily Lithophylloideae as an illustration, this study delved into the implications of cryptic diversity through global-level phylogenetic and geographical analysis based upon Lithophylloideae molecular data worldwide, as well as a multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny to elucidate their possible evolutionary process. The multiscale analysis revealed the polyphyly in current concept of the genus Lithophyllum. Geographic isolation resulting from the Tethys terminal event (TTE) has led to two distinct distribution regions for this so-called cosmopolitan genus: one regionally distributed along European coasts/Mediterranean that should include the taxonomical Lithophyllum; others widely distributed, particularly among pan-tropic waters, suggesting at least five groups to be rediscovered within the subfamily Lithophylloideae. Meanwhile, the cryptic genus Titanoderma, lacking morphological identification features with Lithophyllum, exhibited differences in distribution and evolutionary patterns consistent with their ecological habits, thus supporting their separation. This study provided useful hints for cryptic diversity, which advocated an integrative thinking to investigating global cryptic diversity and exploring the broad linkages between phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary origin, biogeography, morphological and ecological traits to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity.

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal four species of myxomycetes new to China.

Four species of myxomycetes (Arcyria pseudodenudata, Diderma europaeum, Lycogala irregulare, and Trichia armillata) new to China were observed via light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, along with comparisons with related species. Among them, A. pseudodenudata was discovered for the first time outside of the type locality, D. europaeum was discovered for the first time outside of Europe, and L. irregulare and T. armillata were reported again after being named. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha sequences or nuclear 18S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences was performed to provide a molecular basis for morphological identification. These specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University.

Inbreeding in Chinese fir: Insights into the adaptive growth traits of selfed progeny from mRNA, miRNA, and copy number variation.

PREMISE: The impact of inbreeding on biological processes is well documented in individuals with severe inbreeding depression. However, the biological processes influencing the adaptive growth of normal selfed individuals are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate how inbreeding affects gene expression for adaptive growth of normal selfed seedlings from a self-fertilizing parent in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). METHODS: Using RNA-seq data from above- and underground tissues of abnormal and normal selfed seedlings, we analyzed GO biological processes network. We also sequenced small RNAs in the aboveground tissues and measured the copy number variations (CNV) of the hub genes. RESULTS: Phenotypic fitness analysis revealed that the normal seedlings were better adapted than their abnormal counterparts. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with development processes, and downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in fundamental metabolism and stress response. Results of mRNA-miRNA parallel sequencing revealed that upregulated target genes were predominantly associated with development, highlighting their crucial role in phosphorylation in signal transduction networks. We also discovered a moderate correlation (0.1328 < R2 < 0.6257) between CNV and gene expression levels for three hub genes (TMKL1, GT2, and RHY1A). CONCLUSIONS: We uncovered the key biological processes underpinning the growth of normal selfed seedlings and established the relationship between CNV and the expression levels of hub genes in selfed seedlings. Understanding the candidate genes involved in the growth of selfed seedlings will help us comprehend the genetic mechanisms behind inbreeding depression in the evolutionary biology of plants.

Tellurium(IV) Halide Achieving Effective Nonlinear-Optical Activity: The Role of Chiral Ligands and Lattice Distortion.

Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides are a promising class of nonlinear-optical materials with unique optical properties and flexible crystal structures. However, the structures and properties of chiral hybrid tellurium halides, especially second harmonic generation (SHG), have not been reported. Here, by introducing chiral organic molecule (R/S)-methylbenzylammonium (R/S-MBA), we synthesized a pair of novel zero-dimensional (0D) chiral tellurium-based hybrid halides with noncentrosymmetric space group C2, (R/S-MBA)2TeCl6 (R/S-Cl). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and solid-state circular dichroism (CD) spectra confirm that R/S-Cl shows obvious enantiomer enrichment. Moreover, the resulting chiral products present an efficient SHG response. Interestingly, through manipulation of halogen atoms, two pairs of achiral tellurium halides, (R/S-MBA)2TeBr6 (R/S-Br) and (R/S-MBA)2TeI6 (R/S-I), were obtained, both of which crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group R3̅. It is noteworthy that R/S-I has a narrow band gap of 1.55 eV, which is smaller than that of most 0D metal halides and comparable to that of three-dimensional lead halide, showing its potential as a highly efficient light absorber.

Sn4+ Alloying and Chiral Incorporation into Tellurium Halides Triggering Tunable Luminescence Emission and Second-Harmonic Generation.

Recently, chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted considerable interest as promising multifunctional materials, benefiting from their diverse structures and tunable photophysical properties. Herein, by introducing the chiral ligand methylbenzylamine (R-/S-MBA) and alloying Sn4+ cation, a series of tellurium-based halides R-/S-MBA2SnxTe1-xCl6 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.2, 0.365 and 0.54) with second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect and photoluminescence (PL) properties are successfully synthesized. Their optical bandgaps are determined to be 2.48-2.6 eV. Specifically, the introduction of chiral organic cations could break the structural symmetry and cause the tellurium halide to crystallize in the chiral space group. The incorporation of isovalent Sn4+ into the chiral host tellurium halides results in the increase in octahedral distortion, thereby promoting host intrinsic self-trapped emission that originates from the interconfigurational 3P0,1 → 1S0 transitions of Te4+. Consequently, the as-prepared Sn4+ doped halides, R-/S-MBA2SnxTe1-xCl6 (x = 0.365, 0.54), exhibit not only SHG response but also bright orange fluorescence. This study provides an effective strategy for designing chiral multifunctional materials.

Highly Selective Protic-Solvent-Mediated Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Cuprous Bromides Achieving Structural Transformation.

The potential application of stimuli-responsive hybrid copper halides in information storage and switch devices has generated significant interest. However, their transformation mechanism needs to be further studied deeply. Herein, two zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrids, namely, (TBA)CuBr2 (1) with linear [CuBr2]- units and (TBA)2Cu4Br6 (2) with [Cu4Br6]2- clusters (TBA+ = (C4H9)4N+), are synthesized using simple solvent evaporation approaches. Interestingly, upon exposure to distinct protic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, or hot water, 1 undergoes a transformation into 2 with varying degrees of transition, accompanied by a change in luminescence color from cyan to orange (or mixed color) under high-energy emission (e.g., 254 nm) excitation. Hot water can trigger 1 to completely transform into 2 because of its large contact angle difference in the solvents. Furthermore, 2 can be converted back to 1 through a simple solid-state mechanochemical reaction. Additionally, the structure of 2 remains unchanged even after immersion in 80 °C H2O for 168 h due to the dense organic framework. This study provides valuable insights for exploring reversible structural transformation materials in the 0D metal halide system.

Risk assessment of imported malaria in China: a machine learning perspective.

BACKGROUND: Following China's official designation as malaria-free country by WHO, the imported malaria has emerged as a significant determinant impacting the malaria reestablishment within China. The objective of this study is to explore the application prospects of machine learning algorithms in imported malaria risk assessment of China. METHODS: The data of imported malaria cases in China from 2011 to 2019 was provided by China CDC; historical epidemic data of malaria endemic country was obtained from World Malaria Report, and the other data used in this study are open access data. All the data processing and model construction based on R, and map visualization used ArcGIS software. RESULTS: A total of 27,088 malaria cases imported into China from 85 countries between 2011 and 2019. After data preprocessing and classification, clean dataset has 765 rows (85 * 9) and 11 cols. Six machine learning models was constructed based on the training set, and Random Forest model demonstrated the best performance in model evaluation. According to RF, the highest feature importance were the number of malaria deaths and Indigenous malaria cases. The RF model demonstrated high accuracy in forecasting risk for the year 2019, achieving commendable accuracy rate of 95.3%. This result aligns well with the observed outcomes, indicating the model's reliability in predicting risk levels. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning algorithms have reliable application prospects in risk assessment of imported malaria in China. This study provides a new methodological reference for the risk assessment and control strategies adjusting of imported malaria in China.

Assistive device utilization among disabled elderly in China: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of assistive device users and influencing factors among disabled elderly in China. METHODS: A total of 13,510 disabled elderly in Sichuan Province were surveyed. Disability was assessed using the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Scale, mental status, sensory perception, and social engagement evaluation. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the impact factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of assistive device utilization among participants was 79.2% (10,700/13,510, 95% CI 78.5%-79.9%), with the wheelchair being the most commonly used device. Various factors were found to influence the usage of the device, including disability level, somatic disability, age, caregivers, income, caregiver fees, and living situation (p < .05). Additionally, several factors were identified associated with the frequency of device usage, such as somatic disability, education background, income, caregiver fees, living situation, access to acquire assistive devices, duration of assistive device usage, education on assistive devices, and satisfaction level (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of assistive devices among elderly individuals in China is prevalent. There are many factors that affect the use of assistive devices, which can provide a reference for the formulation of policies in the field of assistive devices.

[Research Progress in Complement Receptor of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily in Regulating Liver Immunity].

Kupffer cells (KC),an important subset of immune cells in the liver,are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding quickly to liver damage.The complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) is a receptor protein on the KC membrane.CRIg can not only capture pathogens in the blood flowing through the liver by complement binding but also mediate immune responses by regulating immune cells in the liver.Recent studies have confirmed the role of CRIg in regulating liver immunity.This article reviews the main modes of action of CRIg and the research progress of CRIg in regulating liver immunity.

[Psychological nursing contributes to the prognosis of the male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation].

Objective： To explore the effect of psychological nursing on the prognosis of male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation (UCI). METHODS: This study included 63 male patients with urethral straddle injury treated in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from February 2020 to March 2023. We divided the patients into a control (n = 29) and an experimental group (n = 34) according to the odd- or even-numbered days of admission and treated them by ureteroscopic UCI. Meanwhile those of the former group received routine nursing care and the latter underwent psychological nursing intervention in addition. We obtained the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the patients, recorded their postoperative pain scores, catheter-removal time, hospitalization days, postoperative complications and overall recovery status, and compared the data collected between the two groups. RESULTS: At 3 days after surgery, both the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control (SAS: 45.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.4 ± 3.6, P< 0.05; SDS: 41.9 ± 2.5 vs 48.3 ± 4.0, P< 0.05), and so were the pain scores at 24 hours (6.2 ± 0.6 vs 6.8 ± 0.9, P< 0.05), 48 hours (4.9 ± 0.7 vs 6.1 ± 0.8, P< 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.9, P< 0.05). The hospitalization time was remarkably shorter in the experimental than in the control group (ï¼»14.1 ± 2.9ï¼½ vs ï¼»16.1 ± 3.4ï¼½ d, P< 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the time of postoperative catheterization between the two groups of patients (ï¼»19.3 ± 3.7ï¼½ vs ï¼»19.6 ± 4.4ï¼½ d, P > 0.05). A 30-day postoperative follow-up found 2 cases of difficult urination in the control group but no complications in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopic UCI is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment method for male urethral riding injury, and psychological nursing helps not only shorten the time of catheterization and hospitalization but also avoid postoperative complications.

Near Ultraviolet-Excitable Cyan-Emissive Hybrid Copper(I) Halides Nonlinear Optical Crystals with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and High-Efficiency X-ray Scintillation.

Designing and synthesizing multifunctional hybrid copper halides with near ultraviolet (NUV) light-excited high-energy emission (<500 nm) remains challenging. Here, a pair of broadband-excited high-energy emitting isomers, namely, α-/ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 (MePh3P=methyltriphenylphosphonium), were synthesized. α-(MePh3P)2CuI3 with blue emission peaking at 475 nm is firstly discovered wherein its structure contains regular [CuI3]2- triangles and crystallizes in centrosymmetric space group P21/c. While ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 featuring distorted [CuI3]2- planar triangles shows inversion symmetry breaking and crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P21, which exhibits cyan emission peaking at 495 nm with prominent near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and the excitation band ranging from 200 to 450 nm. Intriguingly, ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 exhibits phase-matchable second-harmonic generation response of 0.54×KDP and a suitable birefringence of 0.06@1064 nm. Furthermore, ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 also can be excited by X-ray radioluminescence with a high scintillation light yield of 16193 photon/MeV and an ultra-low detection limit of 47.97 nGy/s, which is only 0.87 % of the standard medical diagnosis (5.5 µGy/s). This work not only promotes the development of solid-state lighting, laser frequency conversion and X-ray imaging, but also provides a reference for constructing multifunctional hybrid metal halides.

Trichinella spiralis dipeptidyl peptidase 1 suppressed macrophage cytotoxicity by promoting M2 polarization via the STAT6/PPARγ pathway.

Trichinella spiralis dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (TsDPP1), or cysteine cathepsin C, is a secretory protein that is highly expressed during the infective larvae and adult worm stages in the intestines. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which recombinant TsDPP1 (rTsDPP1) activates macrophages M2 polarization and decreases macrophage cytotoxicity to kill newborn larvae via ADCC. RAW264.7 macrophages and murine peritoneal macrophages were used in this study. The results of the immunofluorescence test (IFT) and confocal microscopy showed that rTsDPP1 specifically bound to macrophages, and the binding site was localized on the cell membrane. rTsDPP1 activated macrophage M2 polarization, as demonstrated by high expression levels of Arg1 (M2 marker) and M2-related genes (IL-10, TGF-ß, CD206 and Arg1) and high numbers of CD206+ macrophages. Furthermore, the expression levels of p-STAT6, STAT6 and PPARγ were obviously increased in rTsDPP1-treated macrophages, which were evidently abrogated by using a STAT6 inhibitor (AS1517499) and PPARγ antagonist (GW9662). The results indicated that rTsDPP1 promoted macrophage M2 polarization through the STAT6/PPARγ pathway. Griess reaction results revealed that rTsDPP1 suppressed LPS-induced NO production in macrophages. qPCR and flow cytometry results showed that rTsDPP1 downregulated the expression of FcγR I (CD64) in macrophages. The ability of ADCC to kill newborn larvae was significantly decreased in rTsDPP1-treated macrophages, but AS1517499 and GW9662 restored its killing capacity. Our results demonstrated that rTsDPP1 induced macrophage M2 polarization, upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited macrophage-mediated ADCC via activation of the STAT6/PPARγ pathway, which is beneficial to the parasitism and immune evasion of this nematode.

Cluster-Centered Excited-State-Induced Bright Low-Energy Emissive Hybrid Copper Iodide Constructing Stable White LEDs.

Herein, we successfully synthesized a stable copper iodide hybrid with a 0D structure, (C20H20P)2Cu2I4, in which [Cu2I4]2- dimers with a short Cu-Cu distance (2.64 Å) are isolated and surrounded by [C20H20P]+ organic cations. Bright broadband yellow emission (576 nm) featuring a wide excitation range from 240 to 450 nm was achieved, along with a large Stokes shift (211 nm), long-lived lifetime (1.99 µs), and zero self-absorption. The results combined with crystal structure, spectroscopy analysis, and theoretical studies reveal that a cluster-centered excited state is responsible for this yellow emission. Importantly, the structure of (C20H20P)2Cu2I4 remains unchanged even after soaking in water for 30 days or heating at 80 °C for 240 h due to the intermolecular interaction. Furthermore, a stable white LED showing a naturally correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6573 K and CIE color coordinate of (0.31, 0.37) was also demonstrated. This work demonstrates efficient light emitters based on lead-free and stable metal halides for lighting, providing an important reference for the development of stable, high-performance metal halide phosphors.

Dual Monomeric Inorganic Units Constructed Bright Emissive Zero-Dimensional Antimony Chlorides with Solvent-Induced Reversible Structural Transition.

A5M2X11 and A3M2X9 families (A = monovalent organic cation; M = trivalent metal; X = halogen) are receiving increasing attention because of their combination of easy solution processability and superior ferroelectricity properties. However, synthesizing highly efficient A5M2X11 and A3M2X9-type fluorophores with multiple monomeric inorganic units and achieving their structural interconversion remains challenging. Here, we report two novel zero-dimensional (0D) antimony halides, (C10H16N)5Sb2Cl11·C2H3N (1) and (C10H16N)3Sb2Cl9 (2), which not only contain two distinct [SbXn]3-n units but also have excellent orange (590 nm) and yellow-green emission (540 nm) with high PLQY of 17.7% and 31.5%, respectively. Interestingly, a reversible structural conversion could be triggered by acetonitrile steam stimulation, accompanied by luminescence switching properties. This work not only enriches the structure of hybrid Sb-based halides but also provides the possibility of well-known A5M2X11 and A3M2X9 families as structural transformation materials.

Geopolymer composite spheres derived from graphene-modified fly ash/slag: Facile synthesis and removal of lead ions in wastewater.

Geopolymer composite spheres derived from potassium-activated graphene-modified slag/fly ash powder were produced in a polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) solvent. The effect of graphene type (graphene oxide (GO) and few-layered graphene (GNP)) on the pore structure and lead ions (Pb2+) removal performance of the spheres were evaluated. The results showed that the composite spheres modified with GOs (0.1-0.4 wt%) and GNPs (1-4 wt%) could be spheroidized with an improved performance to adsorb Pb2+ in solution. The graphene-containing spheres reached a maximum BET surface area of 68.85 m2/g. Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models could express the adsorption process, which was controlled by both monolayer adsorption and chemisorption. The obtained spheres also showed high adsorption capacities for Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions. Chemical, physical, electrostatic, ion exchange and cation-π interaction were attributed to the adsorption mechanism of the spheres. The spheres showed good cycling ability compared to those without graphene, which had potential application in heavy metal wastewater treatment.

Mass balance study of [14C]SHR0302, a selective and potent JAK1 inhibitor in humans.

SHR0302, a selective JAK1 inhibitor developed by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., was intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of SHR0302 in six healthy Chinese male subjects after a single 8 mg (80 µCi) oral dose of [14C]SHR0302.SHR0302 was absorbed rapidly (Tmax = 0.505 h), and the average t1/2 of the SHR0302-related components in plasma was approximately 9.18 h. After an oral dose was administered, the average cumulative excretion of the radioactive components was 100.56% ± 1.51%, including 60.95% ± 11.62% in urine and 39.61% ± 10.52% in faeces.A total of 16 metabolites were identified. In plasma, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 90.42% of the total plasma radioactivity. In urine, SHR161279 was the main metabolite, accounting for 33.61% of the dose, whereas the parent drug SHR0302 only accounted for 5.1% of the dose. In faeces, the parent drug SHR0302 accounted for 23.73% of the dose, and SHR161279 was the significant metabolite, accounting for 5.67% of the dose. In conclusion, SHR0302-related radioactivity was mainly excreted through urine (60.95%) and secondarily through faeces (39.61%).The metabolic reaction of SHR0302 in the human body is mainly through mono-oxidation and glucuronidation. The main metabolic location of SHR0302 in the human body is the pyrrolopyrimidine ring.

Underwater Target Detection Based on Parallel High-Resolution Networks.

A parallel high-resolution underwater target detection network is proposed to address the problems of complex underwater scenes and limited target feature extraction capability. First, a high-resolution network (HRNet), a lighter high-resolution human posture estimation network, is used to improve the target feature representation and effectively reduce the semantic information lost in the image during sampling. Then, the attention module (A-CBAM) is improved to capture complex feature distributions by modeling the two-dimensional space in the activation function stage through the introduction of the flexible rectified linear units (FReLU) activation function to achieve pixel-level spatial information modeling capability. Feature enhancement in the spatial and channel dimensions is performed to improve understanding of fuzzy targets and small target objects and to better capture irregular and detailed object layouts. Finally, a receptive field augmentation module (RFAM) is constructed to obtain sufficient semantic information and rich detail information to further enhance the robustness and discrimination of features and improve the detection capability of the model for multi-scale underwater targets. Experimental results show that the method achieves 81.17%, 77.02%, and 82.9% mean average precision (mAP) on three publicly available datasets, specifically underwater robot professional contest (URPC2020, URPC2018) and pattern analysis, statistical modeling, and computational learning visual object classes (PASCAL VOC2007), respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed network.