An alleviative effect of Lonicerae japonicae flos water extract against liver fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Lonicerae japonicae (L. japonicae) flos is a medical and food homology herb. This study investigated the phenolic acid and flavonoid contents in L. japonicae flos water extract solution (LJWES) and the preventive effects of LJWES against liver fibrogenesis via FL83B cells and rats. LJWES contains many polyphenols, such as chlorogenic acid, morin, and epicatechin. LJWES increased cell viability and decreased cytotoxicity in thioacetamide (TAA)-treated FL83B cells (75 mM) (p < .05). LJWES decreased (p < .05) gene expressions of Tnf-α, Tnfr1, Bax, and cytochrome c but upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in TAA-treated cells; meanwhile, increased protein levels of P53, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9 in TAA treated cells were downregulated (p < .05) by LJWES supplementation. In vivo, results indicated that TAA treatment increased serum liver damage indices (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) and cytokines (interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-ß1) levels and impaired liver antioxidant capacities (increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value but decreased catalase/glutathione peroxidase activities) in rats (p < .05) while LJWES supplementation amended (p < .05) them. Liver fibrosis scores, collagen deposition, and alpha-smooth muscle actin deposition in TAA-treated rats were also decreased by LJWES supplementation (p < .05). To sum up, LJWES could be a potential hepatoprotective agent against liver fibrogenesis by enhancing antioxidant ability, downregulating inflammation in livers, and reducing apoptosis in hepatocytes.

Effects of the promoting bacterium on growth of plant under cadmium stress.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a huge threat to ecosystem health. In the manuscript, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the changes in plant biomass and antioxidant indicators under different cadmium pollution levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria ZG7 on sugar beet. The results showed that the accumulation of excess Cd in sugar beet exhibited different symptoms, including reduced biomass (p < 0.05). Compared with the group treated with uninoculated strain ZG7, inoculation of strain ZG7 significantly reduced the toxicity of sugar beet to Cd and enhanced its antioxidant capacity, with no significant differences in root biomass and increases in leaf biomass of 15.71, 5.84, and 74.12 under different Cd concentration treatments (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), respectively. The root enrichment of Cd was reduced by 49.13, 47.26, and 21.50%, respectively (p < 0.05). The leaf fraction was reduced by 59.35, 29.86, and 30.99%, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, the enzymatic activities of sucrase, urease, catalase, and neutral phosphatase were significantly enhanced in the soil (p < 0.05). This study helps us to further investigate the mechanism of cadmium toxicity reduction by inoculated microorganisms and provides a theoretical reference for growing plants in cadmium-contaminated agricultural fields.

The combination of microorganisms and phytoremediation is becoming a popular research topic. The selection of suitable plant growth promoting bacteria can not only promote the growth and development of plants and enhance their cadmium resistance, but also improve the soil quality. And the results of this study will be important for growing edible plants and improving soils in cadmium-contaminated areas.

Characterization of host and escherichia coli strains causing recurrent urinary tract infections based on molecular typing.

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is the leading pathogen responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (RUTI). Few studies have dealt with the characterization of host and bacteria in RUTI caused by E. coli with genetically identical or different strains. This study aimed to investigate the host and bacterial characteristics of E. coli RUTI based on molecular typing. RESULTS: Patients aged 20 years or above who presented with symptoms of UTI in emergency department or outpatient clinics between August 2009 and December 2010 were enrolled. RUTI was defined as patients had 2 or more infections in 6 months or 3 or more in 12 months during the study period. Host factors (including age, gender, anatomical/functional defect, and immune dysfunction) and bacterial factors (including phylogenicity, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance) were included for analysis. There were 41 patients (41%) with 91 episodes of E. coli RUTI with highly related PFGE (HRPFGE) pattern (pattern similarity > 85%) and 58 (59%) patients with 137 episodes of E. coli RUTI with different molecular typing (DMT) pattern, respectively. There was a higher prevalence of phylogenetic group B2 and neuA and usp genes in HRPFGE group if the first episode of RUTI caused by HRPFGE E. coli strains and all episodes of RUTI caused by DMT E. coli strains were included for comparison. The uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains in RUTI were more virulent in female gender, age < 20 years, neither anatomical/ functional defect nor immune dysfunction, and phylogenetic group B2. There were correlations among prior antibiotic therapy within 3 months and subsequent antimicrobial resistance in HRPFGE E. coli RUTI. The use of fluoroquinolones was more likely associated with subsequent antimicrobial resistance in most types of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the uropathogens in RUTI were more virulent in genetically highly-related E. coli strains. Higher bacterial virulence in young age group (< 20 years) and patients with neither anatomical/functional defect nor immune dysfunction suggests that virulent UPEC strains are needed for the development of RUTI in healthy populations. Prior antibiotic therapy, especially the fluoroquinolones, within 3 months could induce subsequent antimicrobial resistance in genetically highly-related E. coli RUTI.

The Presence of Diabetes Mellitus or Pre-diabetes Mellitus Increases Mortality from Heart Disease in a Taiwanese Population: A 10-year Follow-Up Study.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated hyperglycemia-associated mortality in the Taiwanese population by conducting a 10-year retrospective cohort study. METHODS: From 2007 to 2017, all participants, regardless of their age or underlying diseases, were identified at a Health Screening Center in Taiwan. Overall, 114,534 participants were included in the analysis. They were classified into three subgroups according to glycemia and smoking status by combining survival for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time, age, and body mass index (BMI) were 8.14 ± 2.22 years, 40.95 ± 12.14 years, and 23.24 ± 3.65 kg/m2, respectively. The cumulative death rate increased from 0.9% in the normal fasting blood glucose(FBG) subgroup to approximately 6% in the diabetes FBG subgroup. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, waist circumference(WC), and smoking status, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause, cancer, and heart disease mortality in the diabetes mellitus(DM) subgroup was 1.560, 1.381, and 1.828, respectively.HR was 0.989 in all-cause, 0.940 in cancer, and 1.326 in heart disease in the pre-DM subgroup. CONCLUSION: Being tested for pre-DM is related to a higher risk of death from heart disease in the Taiwanese population at baseline. Therefore, cardiovascular risk must be actively measured among diabetes patients every visit.

Inoculation of Exogenous Complex Bacteria to Enhance Resistance in Alfalfa and Combined Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil.

Heavy metals are considered to be one of the main sources of soil contamination. In this study, three tolerant bacteria were isolated from the heavy metal-contaminated soil in mining area, and immobilized bacteria were constructed using corn straw as the carrier. The combined remediation effect of immobilized bacteria and alfalfa in pot experiments was explored in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Under heavy metal stress, inoculation with immobilized bacteria significantly promoted the growth of alfalfa, in which the dry weights of roots, stems, and leaves increased by 19.8, 6.89, and 14.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, inoculation with immobilized bacteria improved the antioxidant capacity of plants and the activity of soil enzymes and improved soil quality (P < 0.05). Microbial-phytoremediation technology effectively reduced the heavy metal content in the soil, and can restore the soil contaminated by heavy metals. The results will help to further understand the mechanism of microbial inoculation to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, and provide guidance for the cultivation of forage grasses in heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleeding in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background and Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with multiple organ involvement, and spontaneous hemorrhage, especially perirenal hemorrhage, is rare. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 19-year-old teenager with SLE who experienced left flank pain and hypovolemic shock. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large left retroperitoneal hematoma. Recurrent hypovolemic shock occurred despite the transcatheter arterial embolization of the left renal artery. Repetitive abdominal computed tomography results showed active hemorrhage. Result: An exploratory laparotomy was used to confirm descending colonic mesenteric artery bleeding, which was resolved. The patient needed temporary regular kidney replacement therapy for active lupus nephritis, which terminated one month after discharge. Conclusions: When patients with SLE experience acute abdominal pain, flank pain, or back pain combined with hypovolemia, there is a higher risk of bleeding due to spontaneous hemorrhage, which should be included in the differential diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate emergency intervention are necessary.

Multiple Helicenes Defected by Heteroatoms and Heptagons with Narrow Emissions and Superior Photoluminescence Quantum Yields.

The incorporation of heteroatoms and/or heptagons as the defects into helicenes expands the variety of chiroptical materials with novel properties. However, it is still challenging to construct novel boron-doped heptagon-containing helicenes with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values. We report an efficient and scalable synthesis of a quadruple helicene 4Cz-NBN with two nitrogen-boron-nitrogen (NBN) units and a double helicene 4Cz-NBN-P1 bearing two NBN-doped heptagons, the latter could be formed via a two-fold Scholl reaction of the former. The helicenes 4Cz-NBN and 4Cz-NBN-P1 exhibit excellent PLQYs up to 99 % and 65 % with narrow FWHM of 24 nm and 22 nm, respectively. The emission wavelengths are tunable via stepwise titration experiments of 4Cz-NBN-P1 toward fluoride, enabling distinguished circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from green, orange (4Cz-NBN-P1-F1) to yellow (trans/cis-4Cz-NBN-P1-F2) with near-unity PLQYs and broader circular dichroism (CD) ranges. The five structures of the aforementioned four helicenes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This work provides a novel design strategy for construction of non-benzenoid multiple helicenes exhibiting narrow emissions with superior PLQYs.

The Discovery, Enzymatic Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Newly Isolated Chitinase from Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus df347.

In order to discover a broad-specificity and high stability chitinase, a marine fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus df347, was identified in the sediments of mangrove wetlands in Qinzhou Bay, China. The chitinase gene (AfChi28) from A. fumigatus df347 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme AfChi28 was purified and characterized. AfChi28 is an acido-halotolerant- and temperature-resistant bifunctional enzyme with both endo- and exo-cleavage functions. Its enzymatic products are mainly GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)3 and (GlcNAc)4. Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+ and Tris at a concentration of 50 mM had a strong stimulatory effect on AfChi28. The crude enzyme and pure enzyme exhibited the highest specific activity of 0.737 mU/mg and 52.414 mU/mg towards colloidal chitin. The DxDxE motif at the end of strand ß5 and with Glu154 as the catalytic residue was verified by the AlphaFold2 prediction and sequence alignment of homologous proteins. Moreover, the results of molecular docking showed that molecular modeling of chitohexaose was shown to bind to AfChi28 in subsites -4 to +2 in the deep groove substrate-binding pocket. This study demonstrates that AfChi28 is a promising chitinase for the preparation of desirable chitin oligosaccharides, and provides a foundation for elucidating the catalytic mechanism of chitinases from marine fungi.

Self-Powered Long-Life Microsystem for Vibration Sensing and Target Recognition.

Microsystems play an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT). In many unattended IoT applications, microsystems with small size, lightweight, and long life are urgently needed to achieve covert, large-scale, and long-term distribution for target detection and recognition. This paper presents for the first time a low-power, long-life microsystem that integrates self-power supply, event wake-up, continuous vibration sensing, and target recognition. The microsystem is mainly used for unattended long-term target perception and recognition. A composite energy source of solar energy and battery is designed to achieve self-powering. The microsystem's sensing module, circuit module, signal processing module, and transceiver module are optimized to further realize the small size and low-power consumption. A low-computational recognition algorithm based on support vector machine learning is designed and ported into the microsystem. Taking the pedestrian, wheeled vehicle, and tracked vehicle as targets, the proposed microsystem of 15 cm3 and 35 g successfully realizes target recognitions both indoors and outdoors with an accuracy rate of over 84% and 65%, respectively. Self-powering of the microsystem is up to 22.7 mW under the midday sunlight, and 11 min self-powering can maintain 24 h operation of the microsystem in sleep mode.

Safety Evaluation and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain PS23 (PS23) exhibits some probiotic properties. In this study, a genomic analysis of PS23 revealed no genes related to virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moreover, ornithine decarboxylase activity was not detected in vitro. In addition, PS23 was sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Genotoxicity tests for PS23 including the Ames test and chromosomal aberrations in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary cells and micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice were all negative. Moreover, following a 28-day study involving repeated oral dose toxicity tests (40, 400, and 4000 mg/kg equal 1.28 × 1010, 1.28 × 1011, and 1.28 × 1012 CFU/kg body weight, respectively) using an ICR mouse model, no adverse effects were observed from any doses. In addition, supplementation with live or heat-killed PS23 ameliorates DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice. Our findings suggest that PS23 is safe and has anti-inflammatory effects and may therefore have therapeutic implications.

IgG4-Related Chronic Sinonasal Pseudotumor with Refractory Nasal Bleeding: A Case Report.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory and idiopathic autoimmune disorder. IgG4-RD can be characterized by the presence of pseudotumors. Inflammatory pseudotumors may involve any part of a human organ. There are few reports of sinus lesions in IgG4-RD. An 82-year-old man has a history of chronic sinusitis for the last several years and no remarkable family history. Two years before disease presentation, the patient experienced intermittent nasal bleeding, stuffy nose, dizziness, and fatigue. Blood test revealed positive (160X) antinuclear antibody with a mixed speckled and nucleolar pattern, IgG level of 1370 mg/dL, and IgG4 level of 99.7 mg/dL. Computed tomography (CT) of the sinus revealed several calcifications in the sphenoid sinus. Surgical findings revealed tumor-like materials. Pathological examination of the soft tissues revealed acute and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated high levels of positive-affinity markers of IgG, IgG4, and CD138 and a IgG4/IgG ratio > 40%. IgG4-RD with pseudotumor was diagnosed. The initial treatment was intravenous methylprednisolone 120 mg daily for three days and oral prednisolone 10 mg twice a day and azathioprine 50 mg daily. The efficacy of the treatment was insufficient, and nasal bleeding did not decrease. Subsequently administered intravenous rituximab 1000 mg monthly for 2 months. Following this treatment, nasal bleeding stopped. CT revealed reduction in nasal mucosal swelling compared with that in a previous scan. This report highlights that in cases with an inflammatory mass mimicking malignancy, IgG4RD should always be considered, and rituximab treatment is recommended upon failure of steroid and azathioprine therapy.

Sequential and Diverse Synthesis of BN-Heterocycles and Investigation of Their Photoreactivity.

Substituents modification of BN-heterocycles on the boron atom has proven important to the photoreactivity and optoelectronic properties of BN-heterocycles. We developed a sequential and diverse synthetic strategy toward BN-heterocycles, in which the boron building block can be introduced with fully pre-functionalized substituents (Route A) or the substituents can be partially (Route B) or fully (Route C) modified after borylation. These three routes are complementary to provide more diverse BN-heterocycles, which will find broad applications in manipulating/controlling molecular transformations and the development of new photoresponsive materials.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae Water Extract are regulated by the STAT/NF-κB pathway and HO-1 expression in Virus-infected RAW264.7 cells.

This study examined the effect of the Flos Lonicerae Japonicae water extract (FLJWE), chlorogenic acid, and luteolin on pseudorabies virus (PRV)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and elucidated related molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that FLJWE and luteolin, but not chlorogenic acid, inhibited the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines in PRV-infected RAW 264.7 cells. We found that the FLJWE and luteolin suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT1 and STAT3, respectively). Moreover, the FLJWE significantly upregulated the expression of pNrf2 and its downstream target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Our data indicated that FLJWE and luteolin reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators and inflammatory cytokines, such as COX-2 and iNOS, through the suppression of the JAK/STAT1/3-dependent NF-κB pathway and the induction of HO-1 expression in PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells. The findings indicate that the FLJWE can be used as a potential antiviral agent.

Recommendations for psoriatic arthritis management: A joint position paper of the Taiwan Rheumatology Association and the Taiwanese Association for Psoriasis and Skin Immunology.

In Taiwan, the incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have risen significantly in recent years. Moreover, data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) show that more than 85% of PsA patients are treated with just non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). Taiwanese clinicians have also expressed concerns regarding uncertainties in the diagnosis of PsA and the delayed, interrupted, and/or tapered use of biologics, as well as differences in therapeutic preferences between and within dermatologists and rheumatologists. To address these issues, the Taiwan Rheumatology Association and the Taiwanese Association for Psoriasis and Skin Immunology jointly convened a committee of 28 clinicians from the fields of rheumatology, dermatology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation, to develop evidence-based consensus recommendations for the practical management of PsA in Taiwan. A total of six overarching principles and 13 recommendations were developed and approved, as well as a treatment algorithm with four separate tracks for axial PsA, peripheral PsA, enthesitis, and dactylitis. Psoriasis (PsO) management was not discussed here, as the Taiwanese Dermatological Association has recently published a comprehensive consensus statement on the management of PsO. Together, these recommendations provide an up-to-date, evidence-based framework for PsA care in Taiwan.

Pseudorivibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze and emended description of the genus Rivibacter.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile and straight rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C1-9T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze collected from a tea garden in Huize, south-western PR China. Cells were oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-10.0, with an optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The respiratory quinone was detected as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c or C18 : 1ω6c). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The polyamine types were detected as 1,8-diaminooctane and 2-hydroxyputrescine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.6 mol%. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain C1-9T (MF687442) showed highest sequence similarity to Rivibacter subsaxonicus DSM 19570T (97.1 %). The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C1-9T clustered close to R. subsaxonicus DSM 19570T, Methylibium petroleiphilum CCTCC AB 2014193T and species belonging to the genera Rhizobacter and Piscinibacter. The phylogenomic tree indicated that strain C1-9T formed a clade with R. subsaxonicus. The average nucleotide identity value was 76.0 % between strain C1-9T and R. subsaxonicus DSM 19570T, which is lower than the prokaryotic species delineation threshold of 95.0-96.0 %. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain C1-9T represents a novel species of a new genus within the order Burkholderiales, for which the name Pseudorivibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain C1-9T = KCTC 62325T=CGMCC 1.13864T) is proposed.

Chiral differentiation of limonene in chiral nematic liquid crystals.

Chirality is of great importance in physical and biological systems. It helps differentiate chemical reactions and physical processes. It was reported that the diffusion of mesogenic chiral guests in chiral nematic liquid crystal hosts profoundly depends on the chirality of the guest and host molecules. When the guest and host molecules have the same handedness, the diffusion is much faster than that when the guest and host molecules have the opposite handedness. In this paper, we report the discovery that chiral differentiation also exists in the diffusion of limonene, which is non-mesogenic in chiral nematic liquid crystals. The diffusion of l-limonene (right-handed) in chiral nematic liquid crystals with a right handed helical structure is faster than that of d-limonene (left-handed). This result might be important in understanding the effects of chirality on physical processes that take place in biological systems. In addition, this effect could be utilized for enantiomer separation in the pharmaceutical industry.

An UWB/Vision Fusion Scheme for Determining Pedestrians' Indoor Location.

This paper proposes a method for determining a pedestrian's indoor location based on an UWB (ultra-wideband) and vison fusion algorithm. Firstly, an UWB localization algorithm based on EKF (extended Kalman filter) is proposed, which can achieve indoor positioning accuracy of 0.3 m. Secondly, a method to solve scale ambiguity and repositioning of the monocular ORB-SLAM (oriented fast and rotated brief-simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithm based on EKF is proposed, which can calculate the ambiguity in real time and can quickly reposition when the vision track fails. Lastly, two experiments were carried out, one in a corridor with sparse texture and the other with the light brightness changing frequently. The results show that the proposed scheme can reliably achieve positioning accuracy on the order of 0.2 m; with the combination of algorithms, the scale ambiguity of monocular ORB-Slam can be solved, with the failed vision trace repositioned by UWB, and the positioning accuracy of UWB can be improved, making it suitable for pedestrian location in indoor environments with sparse texture and frequent light brightness changes.

Long non-coding RNAs in Oral squamous cell carcinoma: biologic function, mechanisms and clinical implications.

There is growing evidence that regions of the genome that cannot encode proteins play an important role in diseases. These regions are usually transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs, little or no coding potential, are defined as capped transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. New sequencing technologies have shown that a large number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are associated with multiple cancer types and indicated they have emerged as an important class of pervasive genes during the development and progression of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism in cancer is still unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the lncRNA function. Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. This review expounds the up- or down-regulation of lncRNAs in OSCC and the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in the malignant cell. Finally, the potential of lncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis are also described. LncRNAs hold promise as prospective novel therapeutic targets, but more research is needed to gain a better understanding of their biologic function.

Flavisolibacter nicotianae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain X7XT, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from a tobacco factory located in Kunming, south-western China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-8.0, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain X7XT should be affiliated to the genus Flavisolibacter. Results from further analysis showed that strain X7XT had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavisolibacter metallilatus TX0661T (96.4 %) and 'Flavisolibacter swuensis' SR2-4-2T (96.4 %), followed by other species of the genus Flavisolibacter. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain X7XT represents a novel species of the genus Flavisolibacter, for which the name Flavisolibacternicotianae sp. nov. (type strain X7XT=KCTC 62326T=CGMCC 16451T) is proposed.

Isorhamnetin ameliorates inflammatory responses and articular cartilage damage in the rats of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis.

Context: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with damage to the articular cartilage. Active production of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine and matrix metalloproteinases may be found during the progression of OA. Isorhamnetin had the effects of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ischemia, anti-atherosclerotic hepatoprotective and anticancer activities. Objective: Our study was focused on the effects of isorhamnetin treatment in OA. Materials and methods: We used monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats to evaluate the effects of isorhamnetin related anti-inflammatory process. The rats in all groups were sacrificed on four weeks post-MIA injection. The measurements of knee joint swelling, histological analysis, serum inflammatory biomarkers and western blot were evaluated. Results: We found that isorhamnetin may reduce MIA-induced knee swelling by significantly reduction of articular cartilage damage.in rats. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines production was found after isohamnetin treatment. Isorhamnetin inhibited the production of NO and PGE2, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The production of COMP, CTX-II and osteopontin (OPN) were also inhibited in MIA-induced OA rats. Discussion and conclusions: Isorhamnetin may modulate the inflammatory progression of OA in MIA-induced OA rats. The prevention of cartilage damage was found in OA after adequate isorhamnetin treatment. Isorhamnetin may serve as a potential agent for the management of OA.