Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

BACKGROUND: Quinoa leaves demonstrate a diverse array of colors, offering a potential enhancement to landscape aesthetics and the development of leisure-oriented sightseeing agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study utilized integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin synthesis in both emerald green and pink quinoa leaves. RESULTS: Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that both flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ko00942) were significantly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were analyzed between the two germplasms during different developmental periods. Ten DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with those of the transcriptomic sequencing. The elevated expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) and Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), as well as the reduced expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and Flavonol synthase (FLS), likely cause pink leaf formation. In addition, bHLH14, WRKY46, and TGA indirectly affected the activities of CHS and 4CL, collectively regulating the levels of cyanidin 3-O-(3'', 6''-O-dimalonyl) glucoside and naringenin. The diminished expression of PAL, 4CL, and HCT decreased the formation of cyanidin-3-O-(6"-O-malonyl-2"-O-glucuronyl) glucoside, leading to the emergence of emerald green leaves. Moreover, the lowered expression of TGA and WRKY46 indirectly regulated 4CL activity, serving as another important factor in maintaining the emerald green hue in leaves N1, N2, and N3. CONCLUSION: These findings establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in quinoa leaves, and also provide some theoretical basis for the development of leisure and sightseeing agriculture.

Carbon monoxide-releasing Vehicle CO@TPyP-FeMOFs modulating macrophages phenotype in inflammatory wound healing.

Healing of chronic wounds has been critically limited by prolonged inflammation. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a biologically active molecule with high potential based on its efficacy in modulating inflammation, promoting wound healing and tissue remodeling. Strategies to use CO as a gaseous drug to chronic wounds have emerged, but controlling the sustained release of CO at the wound site remains a major challenge. In this work, a porphyrin-Fe based metal organic frameworks, TPyP-FeMOFs was prepared. The synthesized TPyP-FeMOFs was high-temperature vacuum activated (AcTPyP-FeMOFs) and AcTPyP-FeMOFs had a relatively high Fe (II) content. CO sorption isotherms showed that AcTPyP-FeMOFs chemisorbed CO and thus CO release was sustained and prolonged. In vitro evaluation results showed that CO@TPyP-FeMOFs reduced the inflammatory level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated macrophages, polarized macrophages to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, and promoted the proliferation of fibroblasts by altering the pathological microenvironment. In vivo study confirmed CO@TPyP-FeMOFs promoted healing in a LPS model of delayed cutaneous wound repair and reduced macrophages and neutrophils recruitment. Both in vitro and in vivo studies verified that CO@TPyP-FeMOFs acted on macrophages by modulating phenotype and inflammatory factor expression. Thus, CO release targeting macrophages and pathological microenvironment modulation presented a promising strategy for wound healing.

The association between smoking and family health with the mediation role of personality among Chinese people: nationwide cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: There may be unexplored interactions between family health, personality, and smoking that could help provide new perspectives on tobacco control. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the health of one's family and their smoking habits, as well as investigate the potential influence of personality on this relationship. METHODS: For this cross-sectional investigation, a national survey conducted in China in 2022 recruited a total of 21,916 individuals. The Family Health Scale was utilized to assess the health of the family. The 10-item Big Five Inventory scale was utilized to assess the Big five personality traits. The relationship between big five personality, family health, and smoking were investigated using binary and linear logistic regression. The indirect effects mediated by Big five personality were analyzed using mediation analysis with Sobel tests, and the indirect effects were composited using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking in the study population was 14.87%, 26.19% for males and 3.54% for females. Urban and rural smoking prevalence was 13.81% and 16.10% respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between smoking and family health (odds ratio 0.964, 95% CI 0.959, 0.970, P < 0.001) with covariates controlled. The Karlson-Holm-Breen composition facilitated the connection between extraversion (47.81%) and nervousness (52.19%). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive interventions for smoking behavior should prioritize family health and the Big five personality as significant areas to focus on. According to this study, in addition to implementing various interventions for different personalities, family health should be strengthened to reduce smoking behavior.

Inhibition of neuronal pentraxin 2 relieved epileptic seizure via reducing GluA1 phosphorylation.

Neuronal pentraxin 2 (Nptx2), a member of the synaptic protein family linked to excitatory synaptic formation, is found to be upregulated in epileptic mice, yet its role in epilepsy has been unclear. In vivo, we constructed a mouse model of epilepsy by using kainic acid induction. In vitro experiments, a Mg2+-free medium was used to induce epileptiform discharges in neurons. The results showed that the Nptx2 was upregulated in epileptic mice. Moreover, Nptx2 knockdown reduced the number of seizures and seizure duration. Knocking down Nptx2 not only reduced the number and duration of seizures but also showed a decrease in electroencephalogram amplitude. Behavioral tests indicated improvements in learning and memory abilities after Nptx2 knockdown. The Nissl staining and Timms staining revealed that Nptx2 silencing mitigated epilepsy-induced brain damage. The immunofluorescence staining revealed that Nptx2 absence resulted in a reduction of apoptosis. Nptx2 knockdown reduced Bax, cleaved caspase3, and cleaved caspase9 expression, while increased Bcl-2 expression. Notably, Nptx2 knockdown inhibited GluA1 phosphorylation at the S831 site and reduced the GluA1 membrane expression. The PSD95 expression declined in the epilepsy model, while the Nptx2 knockdown reversed it. Collectively, our study indicated that Nptx2 silencing not only alleviated brain damage and neuron apoptosis but also improved learning and memory ability in epileptic mice, suggesting Nptx2 as a promising target for epilepsy treatment.

High lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with moyamoya disease.

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease (MMD) has attracted the attention of scholars because of its rarity and unknown etiology. METHODS: Data for this study were sourced from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association in Lipoprotein [Lp(a)] and MMD. R and IBM SPSS were conducted. RESULTS: A cohort comprising 1012 MMD patients and 2024 controls was established through the propensity score matching method. Compared with controls, MMD patients showed higher median Lp(a) concentrations [18.5 (9.6-37.8) mg/dL vs. 14.9 (7.8-30.5) mg/dL, P < 0.001]. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for Lp(a) were calculated in three models: unadjusted model, model 1 (adjusted for body mass index and systolic blood pressure), and model 2 (adjusted for model 1 plus triglyceride, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results were [1.613 (1.299-2.002), P < 0.001], [1.598 (1.286-1.986), P < 0.001], and [1.661 (1.330-2.074), P < 0.001], respectively. Furthermore, age, sex, or hypertension status had nothing to do with this relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Positive relationship exists between Lp(a) and MMD.

Development of machine learning-based personalized predictive models for risk evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis patients with low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China is an urgent issue, necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to develop personalized predictive models by combining machine learning (ML) technology with a demographic, medical history, and noninvasive biomarker data. These models can enhance the decision-making capabilities of physicians for HCC in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis patients with low serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 6,980 patients treated between January 2012 and December 2018 were included. Pre-treatment laboratory tests and clinical data were obtained. The significant risk factors for HCC were identified, and the relative risk of each variable affecting its diagnosis was calculated using ML and univariate regression analysis. The data set was then randomly partitioned into validation (20%) and training sets (80%) to develop the ML models. RESULTS: Twelve independent risk factors for HCC were identified using Gaussian naïve Bayes, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operation regression models. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, age >60 years, alkaline phosphate >150 U/L, AFP >25 ng/mL, carcinoembryonic antigen >5 ng/mL, and fibrinogen >4 g/L were the risk factors, whereas hypertension, calcium <2.25 mmol/L, potassium ≤3.5 mmol/L, direct bilirubin >6.8 µmol/L, hemoglobin <110 g/L, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase >40 U/L were the protective factors in HCC patients. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.746 (sensitivity=0.710, specificity=0.646), which was significantly higher than AFP AUC of 0.658 (sensitivity=0.462, specificity=0.766). Compared with several ML algorithms, the XGBoost model had an AUC of 0.832 (sensitivity=0.745, specificity=0.766) and an independent validation AUC of 0.829 (sensitivity=0.766, specificity=0.737), making it the top-performing model in both sets. The external validation results have proven the accuracy of the XGBoost model. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed XGBoost demonstrated a promising ability for individualized prediction of HCC in HBV-related cirrhosis patients with low-level AFP.

Synergistic effect and microbial community structure of waste-activated sludge and kitchen waste solids residue mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion.

Anaerobic co-digestion was conducted on the solid residues after three-phase separation of kitchen waste (KWS) and waste-activated sludge (WAS), the synergistic effects and process performance were studied during co-digestion at different ratios of KWS to WAS. KWS and WAS mix ratios of 0:1, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 1:0 (based on TS). The results showed that a ratio of KWS to WAS of 1:1 got a very high methane recovery with a methane yield of 310.45 ± 30.05 mL/g VSadded. The highest concentration of free ammonia among all reaction systems was only 70.23 ± 5.53 mg/L, which was not enough to produce ammonia inhibition in the anaerobic co-digestion system. However, when the KWS content exceeded 50%, methane inhibition and prolongation of the lag phase were observed due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and during the lag phase. Microbial community analysis showed that various bacterial groups involved in acid production and hydrolysis were mainly dominated by phylum Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Hydrogenotrophic methanogen was found to dominate all archaeal communities in the digesters. Co-digestion of KWS with WAS significantly increased the relative abundance of Methanobacterium compared with anaerobic digestion of WAS alone.

[Application of Photoplethysmography Combined with Deep Learning in Postoperative Monitoring of Flaps].

Objective: Photoelectric volumetric tracing (PPG) exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in flap monitoring. Deep learning (DL) is capable of automatically and robustly extracting features from raw data. In this study, we propose combining PPG with 1D convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN) to preliminarily explore the method's ability to distinguish the degree of embolism and to localize the embolic site in skin flap arteries. Methods: Data were collected under normal conditions and various embolic scenarios by creating vascular emboli in a dermatome artery model and a rabbit dermatome model. These datasets were then trained, validated, and tested using 1D-CNN. Results: As the degree of arterial embolization increased, the PPG amplitude upstream of the embolization site progressively increased, while the downstream amplitude progressively decreased, and the gap between the upstream and downstream amplitudes at the embolization site progressively widened. 1D-CNN was evaluated in the skin flap arterial model and rabbit skin flap model, achieving average accuracies of 98.36% and 95.90%, respectively. Conclusion: The combined monitoring approach of DL and PPG can effectively identify the degree of embolism and locate the embolic site within the skin flap artery.

Fe-MOF with U-Shaped Channels for C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 Separation.

The development of high-performance adsorbents is critical for the low-energy separation of acetylene. Herein, we synthesized an Fe-MOF (MOF, metal-organic framework) with U-shaped channels. The adsorption isotherms of C2H2, C2H4, and CO2 show that the adsorption capacity of acetylene is significantly larger than that of the other two gases. Meanwhile, the actual separation performance was verified by breakthrough experiments, indicating the potential to separate C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 mixtures at normal temperatures. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation demonstrates that the framework with U-shaped channels interacts more strongly with C2H2 than with C2H4 and CO2. The high C2H2 uptake and low adsorption enthalpy highlight Fe-MOF as a promising candidate for C2H2/CO2 separation with a low regeneration energy.

GWAS and bulked segregant analysis reveal the Loci controlling growth habit-related traits in cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

BACKGROUND: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a grain legume crop that originated from South America and is now grown around the world. Peanut growth habit affects the variety's adaptability, planting patterns, mechanized harvesting, disease resistance, and yield. The objective of this study was to map the quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with peanut growth habit-related traits by combining the genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) methods. RESULTS: GWAS was performed with 17,223 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 103 accessions of the U.S. mini core collection genotyped using an Affymetrix version 2.0 SNP array. With a total of 12,342 high-quality polymorphic SNPs, the 90 suggestive and significant SNPs associated with lateral branch angle (LBA), main stem height (MSH), lateral branch height (LBL), extent radius (ER), and the index of plant type (IOPT) were identified. These SNPs were distributed among 15 chromosomes. A total of 597 associated candidate genes may have important roles in biological processes, hormone signaling, growth, and development. BSA-seq coupled with specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method was used to find the association with LBA, an important trait of the peanut growth habit. A 4.08 Mb genomic region on B05 was associated with LBA. Based on the linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay distance, we narrowed down and confirmed the region within the 160 kb region (144,193,467-144,513,467) on B05. Four candidate genes in this region were involved in plant growth. The expression levels of Araip.E64SW detected by qRT-PCR showed significant difference between 'Jihua 5' and 'M130'. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the SNP (AX-147,251,085 and AX-144,353,467) associated with LBA by GWAS was overlapped with the results in BSA-seq through combined analysis of GWAS and BSA-seq. Based on LD decay distance, the genome range related to LBA on B05 was shortened to 144,193,467-144,513,467. Three candidate genes related to F-box family proteins (Araip.E64SW, Araip.YG1LK, and Araip.JJ6RA) and one candidate gene related to PPP family proteins (Araip.YU281) may be involved in plant growth and development in this genome region. The expression analysis revealed that Araip.E64SW was involved in peanut growth habits. These candidate genes will provide molecular targets in marker-assisted selection for peanut growth habits.

Low lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with atrial fibrillation: a large retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in atrial fibrillation (AF) is still uncertain, especially in the Chinese population. Here, we aimed to elucidate the potential relationship between Lp(a) quantiles and AF. METHODS: All data were collected through inpatients with electronic health records from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match control and case groups. Interactions between AF, Lp(a) quantiles, and other clinical indices were analyzed by logistic regression and stratified analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS statistical software and R software. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2021, 4,511 patients with AF and 9,022 patients without AF were 1:2 matched by the propensity score matching method. A total of 46.9% of the study group was women, and the baseline mean age was 65 years. The AF group exhibited lower median Lp(a) than the non-AF group (15.95 vs. 16.90 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Based on the Lp(a) quantiles, the study population was divided into four groups: Q1 (≤ 8.71 mg/dL), Q2 (8.71-16.54 mg/dL), Q3 (16.54-32.42 mg/dL) and Q4 (> 32.42 mg/dL). The AF prevalence of each group decreased from 34.2% (Q1) to 30.9% (Q4) (P < 0.001). Lp(a) quantiles 1-3 significantly increased AF to 1.162-fold (1.049-1.286), 1.198-fold (1.083-1.327), and 1.111-fold (1.003-1.231) in the unadjusted logistic regression model, respectively. In the adjusted model, Lp(a) < 32.42 mg/dL still showed a significant inverse association with AF. In the stratified analysis, Lp(a) levels in female patients exhibited a significant negative correlation with AF (OR of Q1: 1.394[1.194-1.626], P = 0.001). Age and hypertension did not affect the adverse correlation. CONCLUSION: Low circulating Lp(a) levels were associated with AF, especially in the female Han population, suggesting that Lp(a) may be useful for risk stratification of AF in female individuals.

Effect of statin use on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis involving 148,722 participants.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Given lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, statins theoretically provide greater survival benefits for patients with IMIDs. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the impact of statin on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risk in patients with IMIDs, and examine whether the effect varies between primary prevention and secondary prevention. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library to identify eligible studies evaluating the association between statin use and all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events in IMIDs. Data were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analysis according to I2 and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used as summary statistic. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included 12 studies that comprised 148,722 patients with IMIDs (57,670 statin users, 91,052 statin non-users) contributing more than 840,113 patient-years. In pooled analysis, statin initiation was associated with 28 % decreased risk of all-cause mortality (random-effects: meta-HR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.65-0.80), 23 % decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (fixed-effects: meta-HR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.62-0.83). Subgroup analysis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed similar results (fixed-effects: meta-HR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.67-0.89 for all-cause mortality; meta-HR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.63-0.88 for major adverse cardiovascular events). Furthermore, the protective role of statin in decreasing mortality was stronger in patients receiving statin for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases than that for secondary prevention (fixed-effects: meta-HR 0.64, 95 % CI 0.59-0.70; meta-HR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.80-0.89, respectively), although both were statistically significant. Additional analysis yielded similar benefit from statin usage between females and males regarding mortality. CONCLUSION: Statin use was associated with lower risks of mortality and cardiovascular events, with greater benefits for primary prevention in those IMIDs patients without prior cardiovascular disease.

Extreme Gradient Boosting Model Has a Better Performance in Predicting the Risk of 90-Day Readmissions in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke.

OBJECT: Ischemic stroke readmission within 90 days of hospital discharge is an important quality of care metric. The readmission rates of ischemic stroke patients are usually higher than those of patients with other chronic diseases. Our aim was to identify the ischemic stroke readmission risk factors and establish a 90-day readmission prediction model for first-time ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: The readmission prediction model was developed using the extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) model, which can generate an ensemble of classification trees and assign a predictive risk score to each feature. The patient data were split into a training set (5159) and a validation set (911). The prediction results were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and time-dependent ROC curve, which were compared with the outputs from the logistic regression (LR) model. RESULTS: A total of 6070 adult patients (39.6% female, median age 67 years) without any ischemic attack (IS) history were included, and 520 (8.6%) were readmitted within 90 days. The XGboost-based prediction model achieved a standard area under the curve (AUC) value of .782 (.729-.834), and the best time-dependent AUC value was .808 in 54 days for the validation set. In contrast, the LR model yielded a standard AUC value of .771 (.714-.828) and best time-dependent AUC value of .797. CONCLUSIONS: The XGboost model obtained a better risk prediction for 90-day readmission for first-time ischemic stroke patients than the LR model. This model can also reveal the high risk factors for stroke readmission in first-time ischemic stroke patients.

Profiling analysis of low molecular weight heparins by multiple heart-cutting two dimensional chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are polydisperse and microheterogenous mixtures of polysaccharides used as anticoagulant drugs. Profiling analysis is important for obtaining deeper insights into the structure of LMWHs. Previous oligosaccharide mapping methods are relatively low resolution and are unable to show an entire picture of the structural complexity of LMWHs. In the current study a profiling method was developed relying on multiple heart-cutting, two-dimensional, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This represents an efficient, automated, and robust approach for profiling LMWHs. Using size-exclusion chromatography and ion-pairing reversed-phase chromatography in a two-dimensional separation, LMW components of different sizes and LMW components of the same size but with different charges and polarities can be resolved, providing a more complete picture of a LMWH. Structural information on each component was then obtained with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. More than 80 and 120 oligosaccharides were observed and unambiguously assigned from the LMWHs, nadroparin and enoxaparin, respectively. This method might be useful for quality control of LMWHs and as a powerful tool for heparin-related glycomics.

Mechanochemical evolution of coal microscopic groups: A new pathway for mechanical forces acting on coal spontaneous combustion.

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) remains a significant threat to regional ecological environments. As coal mining operations extend deeper into the earth, the increasingly complex mechanical force conditions in deep-seated mines escalate the potential risk of CSC. Mechanical forces such as ground stress and mechanical cutting are traditionally believed to be linked to CSC through the following pathway: mechanical forces act → mechanical energy is input → mechanical crushing and pulverization occur → coal-oxygen contact area increases → CSC accelerates. Noteworthily, these forces do more than just physically break coal; they also trigger a mechanochemical effect (MCE) that alters coal's microscopic chemistry. However, an independent evaluation of its influence on CSC was lacking. This study characterized coal's microscopic chemical group responses to the MCE. It was found that the MCE led to the degradation of aliphatic side chains while enhancing the polycondensation of aromatic ring structures, indicating a synergistic effect. Additionally, an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups, such as alkyl/aryl ethers, suggested enhanced interactions of the coal microscopic groups with oxygen due to mechanical forces. Based on these findings, an MCE-modified coal macromolecular model was developed and molecular quantum mechanical calculations were conducted. The results indicated that the MCE boosted coal macromolecule reactivity, thus facilitating easier activation. These conclusions were validated through modern thermal analysis tests. Finally, this study proposed a new pathway of mechanical forces acting on CSC: mechanical forces act → mechanical energy is input → the MCE occurs → evolutions of the microscopic groups within coal are induced → Activity of coal molecules is enhanced → CSC accelerates.

Simultaneous separation and analysis of multiple doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes forms in serum by circular nonuniform electric field gel electrophoresis.

BACKGROUND: Liposomal formulations have traditionally been considered the most therapeutically effective drug delivery systems (DDS). However, their pharmacokinetics study and efficacy assessment are still challenging given size heterogeneity and unknown forms in vivo. The pharmacodynamic evaluation that solely analyzes total drug concentration is unfit for the liposomal formulation study. Hence, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for the separation and analysis of different forms of liposomal formulations in order to contribute to the study of pharmacokinetic profiles associated with both liposome-incorporated and non-liposomal drugs. (84) RESULTS: A laboratory-built circular nonuniform electric field gel electrophoresis (CNEFGE) system was developed in this study for simultaneous separation and analysis of various forms of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX•HCl) liposomes. Liposomes were effectively fractionized based on their size and higher concentration in situ in the concentration zone, obtaining liposome recovery >95 % and a 3.04 concentration factor. It was found that the technique could be used to evaluate not only the size distribution of liposomes but also the drug loading capacity related to size. The charge-to-size-based separation mechanism has also allowed the simultaneous separation of liposome-entrapped drugs, protein-bound drugs, and free drugs in various forms, and the technique has been successfully employed in serum. Moreover, the quantification analysis of liposomes incubated with serum for 72 h showed that the proportion of the ratio of DOX•HCl in liposome-entrapped drugs, protein-bound drugs, and free drugs is approximately 97:2:1. (143) SIGNIFICANCE: Using the separation principle of gel electrophoresis and the electrification characteristics of drug carriers, this study developed and implemented an efficient approach for the simultaneous separation and concentration of multiple forms of drug liposomes in vivo. This approach offers a wide range of applications in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety evaluation of drug carriers and liposomes. (56).

Exogenous melatonin improves germination rate in buckwheat under high temperature stress by regulating seed physiological and biochemical characteristics.

The germinations of three common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) varieties and two Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) varieties seeds are known to be affected by high temperature. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature. This work studied the effects of exogenous MT on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature. MT was sprayed. The parameters, including growth, and physiological factors, were examined. The results showed that exogenous MT significantly increased the germination rate (GR), germination potential (GP), radicle length (RL), and fresh weight (FW) of these buckwheat seeds under high-temperature stress and enhanced the content of osmotic adjustment substances and enzyme activity. Comprehensive analysis revealed that under high-temperature stress during germination, antioxidant enzymes play a predominant role, while osmotic adjustment substances work synergistically to reduce the extent of damage to the membrane structure, serving as the primary key indicators for studying high-temperature resistance. Consequently, our results showed that MT had a positive protective effect on buckwheat seeds exposed to high temperature stress, providing a theoretical basis for improving the ability to adapt to high temperature environments.

High performance magnesium-based plastic semiconductors for flexible thermoelectrics.

Low-cost thermoelectric materials with simultaneous high performance and superior plasticity at room temperature are urgently demanded due to the lack of ever-lasting power supply for flexible electronics. However, the inherent brittleness in conventional thermoelectric semiconductors and the inferior thermoelectric performance in plastic organics/inorganics severely limit such applications. Here, we report low-cost inorganic polycrystalline Mg3Sb0.5Bi1.498Te0.002, which demonstrates a remarkable combination of large strain (~ 43%) and high figure of merit zT (~ 0.72) at room temperature, surpassing both brittle Bi2(Te,Se)3 (strain ≤ 5%) and plastic Ag2(Te,Se,S) and organics (zT ≤ 0.4). By revealing the inherent high plasticity in Mg3Sb2 and Mg3Bi2, capable of sustaining over 30% compressive strain in polycrystalline form, and the remarkable deformability of single-crystalline Mg3Bi2 under bending, cutting, and twisting, we optimize the Bi contents in Mg3Sb2-xBix (x = 0 to 1) to simultaneously boost its room-temperature thermoelectric performance and plasticity. The exceptional plasticity of Mg3Sb2-xBix is further revealed to be brought by the presence of a dense dislocation network and the persistent Mg-Sb/Bi bonds during slipping. Leveraging its high plasticity and strength, polycrystalline Mg3Sb2-xBix can be easily processed into micro-scale dimensions. As a result, we successfully fabricate both in-plane and out-of-plane flexible Mg3Sb2-xBix thermoelectric modules, demonstrating promising power density. The inherent remarkable plasticity and high thermoelectric performance of Mg3Sb2-xBix hold the potential for significant advancements in flexible electronics and also inspire further exploration of plastic inorganic semiconductors.

The Association of High Lipoprotein(a) Concentration and Risk of Ischaemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for ischaemic stroke (IS). It is unclear whether Lp(a) is associated with IS in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to explore the association between the concentration of Lp(a) and the risk of IS in AF patients, hope to find the potential risk factor for the IS in AF patients. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. The screened AF patients between January 2017 and July 2021 were matched at 1:1 by the propensity score matching (PSM) method in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Associations between Lp(a) and ischaemic stroke were analysed using logistic regression models, stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. Results: The number of enrolled participates is 2258, which contains 1129 non-AF patients and 1129 AF patients. Among IS patients, the median Lp(a) concentration was higher than that of controls (17.03 vs. 15.36 mg/dL, P = 0.032). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients revealed significant positive relationships between IS and Lp(a) (P = 0.032). In addition, a significant increase in IS risk was associated with Lp(a) levels >30.00 mg/dL in unadjusted model [OR:1.263, 95% CI(1.046-1.523), P = 0.015], model 1 [OR:1.284, 95% CI(1.062,1.552), P = 0.010], model 2 [OR: 1.297, 95% CI(1.07,1.573). P = 0.008], and model 3 [OR: 1.290, 95% CI (1.064, 1.562). P = 0.009]. The stratified analysis indicated that this correlation was not affected by female sex [1.484 (1.117, 1.972), P = 0.006], age ≤ 60 [1.864 (1.067-3.254), P=0.029], hypertension [1.359 (1.074, 1.721), P = 0.011], or non-coronary heart disease (CHD) [1.388 (1.108, 1.738), P = 0.004]. Conclusion: High levels of Lp(a) were significantly related to IS in AF patients and may be a potential risk factor in the onset of an IS in AF patients.