MCTR1 inhibits ferroptosis by promoting NRF2 expression to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) can lead to poor prognosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation or extensive liver resection. Maresin conjugate in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1) exerts a protective effect in several inflammatory disease models, but its role in HIRI remains unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of MCTR1 on HIRI and its underlying mechanism. HIRI mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) AML12 cell models were used to evaluate the effects of MCTR1 at different doses on HIRI. Histological changes, inflammatory mediators, and ferroptosis-associated markers including iron content, oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, cell death marker (LDH), and the expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) were analyzed. The results showed that MCTR1 treatment significantly ameliorated liver tissue damage and AST/ALT levels in HIRI mice. It also ameliorated ferroptosis in both HIRI mice and OGD/R AML12 cells, including a decrease in iron content, serum LDH release levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA, IL-1ß levels, and COX2 and transferrin receptor (TFRC) expression. In addition, it increased the levels of IL-10, the antioxidant stress markers SOD and GSH, and the expression of GPX4. With respect to the underlying mechanism, the expression of NRF2 in HIRI mice and OGD/R AML12 cells was significantly inhibited. MCTR1 treatment restored the inhibition of NRF2 expression caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and NRF2 inhibitors significantly inhibited nuclear aggregation of NRF2 promoted by MCTR1. In conclusion, the MCTR1 ameliorates ferroptosis-induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting NRF2 expression and may represent a therapeutic strategy for treating HIRI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY MCTR1 exerts a protective effect in several inflammatory disease models, but its role in hepatic HIRI remains unknown. We confirm that the MCTR1 ameliorates ferroptosis-induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting NRF2 expression. Our study illustrates the mechanism that MCTR1 protects from HIRI and identifies a therapeutic target for liver transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury from the perspective of ferroptosis.

Phthalates exposure is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults.

PURPOSE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the western countries. We aimed to ascertain the relationship of urinary phthalates concentrations with presence of NAFLD among US adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2003-2016 was performed. NAFLD was predicted by Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and US Fatty Liver Index (US FLI), respectively. The logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate associations of urinary phthalates with NAFLD by adjustment for other covariates. RESULTS: Of the 4206 participants (mean age 47.99 years old; 50.06% men), risk of suspected NAFLD was increased in those with higher concentrations of urinary phthalates. The results of multivariate models suggested that urinary phthalate metabolites MEOHP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-2.24), MEHHP (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09-2.21), MECPP (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06-1.95) and the mixtures of nine phthalates (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.18-2.11) were positively related to NAFLD defined by HSI; the similar significant associations were observed for MEHHP (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.32-2.97) when NAFLD was determined based upon US FLI ≥30. In subgroup analyses, the positive associations of urinary phthalates concentrations with NAFLD risk remained robust both in males and females, whereas only in individuals aged <60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Phthalates exposure was independently associated with NAFLD both in males and females, regardless of being defined using HSI or US FLI.

Procrastination predicts online self-regulated learning and online learning ineffectiveness during the coronavirus lockdown.

During the lockdown due to SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus lockdown), there has been a tremendous increase in the number of students taking online courses. Few studies, however, have examined the individual dispositions that influence self-regulated online learning during the coronavirus lockdown. To address this gap, the present study explored the ineffectiveness of online learning and examined how it can be predicted by self-regulated online learning and participants' procrastination disposition. Data of 433 participants were collected and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling. The results indicated that procrastination is negatively related to 6 sub-constructs of self-regulated online learning: task strategy, mood adjustment, self-evaluation, environmental structure, time management, and help-seeking. These sub-constructs were negatively related to the learners' perceived ineffectiveness of online learning. However, the relationship between perceived learning ineffectiveness and environmental structure or help-seeking was weaker than that with task strategy or mood adjustment, indicating that the latter two subtypes of self-regulated online learning should be considered before students engage in online learning.

Rare mutations in the autophagy-regulating gene AMBRA1 contribute to human neural tube defects.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations caused by failed neural tube closure. Recently, autophagy is revealed to play a vital role in neuroepithelium development and neurulation. Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 (Ambra1) is a crucial regulator of autophagy initiation, and its deficiency in mice leads to exencephaly and/or spina bifida. However, the genetic contribution of AMBRA1 to the etiology of human NTDs remains unknown. In this study, we identified five rare missense mutations of AMBRA1 in 352 NTDs cases, which were absent in 224 matched controls. Western blotting and fluorescence puncta counting for MAP1LC3A/LC3 in HEK293T cells suggested that four of the mutations (AMBRA1 p.Thr80Met, p.Leu274Phe, p.Ser743Phe, and p.Met884Val) affected autophagy initiation to various extents. Furthermore, these four mutations also displayed loss-of-function effects compared with wild-type AMBRA1 when we injected messenger RNA (mRNA) to overexpress or rescue ambra1a-morpholino oligos (MO) knockdown in zebrafish. It is intriguing that trehalose, a natural disaccharide, could rescue ambra1a-MO knockdown in a dose-dependent manner independently or together with AMBRA1 mRNA. Taken together, our findings suggest that rare mutations of the autophagy regulator gene AMBRA1 may contribute to the etiology of human neural tube defects, and trehalose is a promising treatment for a subset of NTDs caused by autophagy impairment.

Hsa_circ_0026416 promotes proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer via miR-346/NFIB axis.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNAs, have been confirmed to be key regulators of many diseases. With many scholars devoted to studying the biological function and mechanism of circRNAs, their mysterious veil is gradually being revealed. In our research, we explored a new circRNA, hsa_circ_0026416, which was identified as upregulated in CRC with the largest fold change (logFC = 3.70) of the evaluated circRNAs via analysing expression profiling data by high throughput sequencing of members of the GEO dataset (GSE77661) to explore the molecular mechanisms of CRC. METHODS: qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were utilized to assess the expression of hsa_circ_0026416, miR-346 and Nuclear Factor I/B (NFIB). CCK-8 and transwell assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the combination of hsa_circ_0026416, miR-346 and NFIB. A nude mouse xenograft model was also utilized to determine the role of hsa_circ_0026416 in CRC cell growth in vivo. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0026416 was markedly upregulated in CRC patient tissues and plasma and was a poor prognosis in CRC patients. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of hsa_circ_0026416 (0.767) was greater than the AUC of CEA (0.670), CA19-9 (0.592) and CA72-4 (0.575). Functionally, hsa_circ_0026416 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0026416 may function as a ceRNA via competitively absorbing miR-346 to upregulate the expression of NFIB. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our findings demonstrate that hsa_circ_0026416 is an oncogene in CRC. Hsa_circ_0026416 promotes the progression of CRC via the miR-346/NFIB axis and may represent a potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapy in CRC.

Relationship between urinary bisphenol a levels and cardiovascular diseases in the U.S. adult population, 2003-2014.

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has identified cardiovascular system as a potential target of Bisphenol A (BPA). Although a few studies have revealed the relationship between BPA and the risk of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD) outcomes and CVD risk factors, no published studies have investigated the link between urinary BPA and the risk of stroke. METHODS: Data were derived from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), with a representative sample aged ≥20 years (n = 9139) from 2003 to 2014. We performed multivariable logistic regression model to estimate associations between quartiles and natural logarithm transformed urinary BPA concentrations and five specific CVD outcomes and total CVD. RESULTS: In quartile analysis, highest level of urinary BPA was associated with increased prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.11-2.69) and stroke (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.09-2.36), when compared with those at the lowest quartile. Per unit (µg/g creatinine) increment in ln-transformed BPA concentration was shown to be significantly associated with 19%, 19%, 25%, 29%, 20%, and 16% increased odds ratios of prevalence of congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris, MI, stroke and total CVD among total participants, respectively. Similar associations were found in males rather than in females. CONCLUSION: We provided the premier evidence of positive relationship between urinary BPA concentration and stroke in U.S. POPULATION: Urinary BPA levels were also positively correlated with congestive heart failure, CHD, angina pectoris, MI, as well as total CVD. These associations were more evident in males. Well-coordinated and prospective studies are warranted to gain the human effects of BPA on CVD.

Post-therapy pathologic tumor volume predicts survival in gastric cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: To demonstrate that post-therapy pathological tumor volume (ypTV) should be considered as an independent prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and gastrectomy. METHODS: A total of 253 GC patients who received gastrectomy between January 2010 and December 2016 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analysis. ypTV was calculated using π* (tumor diameter/2)2 *tumor invasion depth (cm3). RESULTS: Cut-point survival analysis demonstrated that the appropriate cut-offs for ypTV were 3, 6, 10, and 19 (cm3). Patients with tumor volumes of 0-3.0, 3.1-6.0, 6.1-10.0, 10.1-19.0, ≥19.1 cm3 were defined as ypTV1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b. Using multivariable analysis, the tumor volume (ypTV stage, P < 0.05), ypN stage (P < 0.05), response to NAC (P < 0.05), vascular invasion (P < 0.05) and ypTvNM staging (P < 0.05) were independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the 8th AJCC/UICC ypTNM staging was not a significant predictor for survival (P > 0.05); however, our newly defined ypTvNM staging was a significant predictor for survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ypTV should be considered as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients after NAC. ypTvNM staging should be recommended to improve the accuracy of prognostic prediction for GC patients who received NAC plus gastrectomy.

A functional indel polymorphism rs34396413 in TFAP2A intron-5 significantly increases female encephalocele risk in Han Chinese population.

PURPOSE: Transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) is an important transcriptional factor involved in various aspects of embryo development including neural tube closure. Tfap2a deficiency led to the failure of cranial neural-tube closure in mice and other model organisms. However, it remains largely unknown about the relationship between TFAP2A variants and human cranial neural tube defects (NTDs). The aim of this study was to find the association between TFAP2A intronic SNP rs3439413 and NTDs and to explore its function. METHODS: We found an indel polymorphism rs3439413 in TFAP2A intron-5 from our previous target sequencing project. In this study, we validate its association with human NTDs in Shanxi group containing 266 NTD cases and 295 matched controls. Then, we investigated its function on transcriptional activity by dual-luciferase assays and EMSA. RESULTS: The minor allele of rs34396413 significantly increased the risk of NTD in a Han Chinese population of Shanxi Province (P = 0.0082, OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.10-1.90), especially the risk of encephalocele for female (P = 0.0064, OR = 2.46, 95%CI = 1.22-4.94). Functional analysis revealed the minor allele of rs34396413 decreases transcriptional activity and attenuates transcription factor binding affinity. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that the minor allele of rs34396413 was a risk factor of NTD in the Shanxi group, providing new insight into the study of NTD etiology.

Association of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene polymorphisms with hepatorenal syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with type I hepatorenal syndrome. METHODS: The case-control study was conducted at the Hangzhou City Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China, from January 2012 to June 2014, and comprised patients with type I hepatorenal syndrome and individuals with cirrhosis who acted as the control group. Arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene rs113481894 locus single nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed by high-resolution melting methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17. RESULTS: Of the 60 participants, 28(46.7%) were in the hepatorenal syndrome group and 32(53.3%) were controls. The mean age was 42.21±11.30years in the hepatorenal syndrome group and 43.69±12.60in the control group (p=0.64). Mean total bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin activity levels were 154.76±51.58, 49.30±24.67 and 33.42±3.69 in the hepatorenal syndrome group compared to 181.26±64.46, 41.78±17.52 and32.98±4.81among controls (p=0.09, p=0.18 and p=0.70). Statistically significant differences were found in the distributions of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene rs113481894 locus T allele between type I hepatorenal syndrome patients and the control group (odds ratio= 2.230; p= 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: T allele located at arginine vasopressin receptor 1a receptor promoter rs113481894 locus may be associated with the pathogenesis of type I hepatorenal syndrome.

Chemical Profiles and Protective Effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Renal Inflammation Mice.

Protective effect of Hedyotis diffusa (H. diffusa) Willd against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal inflammation was evaluated by the productions of cytokines and chemokine, and the bioactive constituents of H. diffusa were detected by the ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method. As the results showed, water extract of H. diffusa (equal to 5.0 g/kg body weight) obviously protected renal tissues, significantly suppressed the productions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as well as significantly promoted the production of IL-10 in serum and renal tissues. According the chemical profiles of H. diffusa, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides and anthraquinones were greatly detected in serum from H. diffusa extract treatment mice. Two main chemotypes, including eight flavonoids and four iridoid glycosides were found in renal tissues from H. diffusa extract treatment mice. The results demonstrated that water extract of H. diffusa had protective effect on renal inflammation, which possibly resulted from the bioactive constituents consisting of flavonoids, iridoids and anthraquinones.

[Integrated regional network construction for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of establishing an integrated regional network for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care in China and evaluate the implementation effect of this network. METHODS: Based on real-time electrocardiogram transmission technology, we established an integrated regional network for STEMI care (IRN-STEMI) with Xiamen Heart Center as the core center, 120 Emergency Systems, PCI-capable hospitals and other community health units as core elements of this network. Reperfusion treatment data of Xiamen Heart Center including the number of patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the mean first medical contact to balloon (FMC-to-B) time, the mean door to balloon (D-to-B) time, the mean length of hospital stay, the mean medical cost and in-hospital mortality were compared before (n = 165) and at 1 year after the built-up of IRN-STEMI (n = 343). RESULTS: Compared to pre-IRN-STEMI era, primary PCI ratio (84.5% (290/343) vs. 75.5% (185/245)) were significantly increased post establishment of IRN-STEMI within the network (P = 0.06). STEMI patients admitted in Xiamen Heart Center was significantly increased from 165 to 256, the annual mean FMC-to-B time ((110.3 ± 34.0)min vs. (137.9 ± 58.5) min, P < 0.01) and D-to-B ( (76.5 ± 33.0) min vs. (107.3 ± 38.0) min, P < 0.01) , as well as the mean medical cost were significantly decreased ( (51 398 ± 22 100) RMB vs. (56 970 ± 24 593) RMB, P < 0.05), while the mean length of hospital stay ((9.0 ± 4.3)d vs. (9.7 ± 4.8)d, P > 0.05) and in-hospital mortality (3.1% (8/256) vs. 3.0% (5/165) , P > 0.05) remained unchanged before and after the setting of IRN-STEMI in Xiamen Heart Center. CONCLUSION: Establishment of an integrated regional network system for STEMI patients in China is feasible. With collaboration of qualified heart center, EMS and PCI-capable and non-PCI capable local hospitals, establishment of IRN-STEMI effectively increased the ratio of primary PCI for STEMI patients, it also significantly shortened the FMC-to-B and D-to-B time, decreased mean medical cost, thus, the regional IRN-STEMI network might be an effective working system for improving the medical care for STEMI patients.

A social network analysis of college students' online learning during the epidemic era: A triadic reciprocal determinism perspective.

The way in which college students learn online has dramatically altered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the triadic reciprocal determinism (TRD) theory, this study aimed to identify the key factors influencing college students' online learning experience through sentiment analysis, text mining, and social network analysis (SNA). Macro- and micro-level parsing was conducted on the SNA model, which was divided into core, mantle, and shell layers to determine the most influential factors in the core layer. This study found that learners' personal factors, learning behaviors, and related elements in the online learning environment significantly influenced the learning outcomes of college students enrolled in online courses. Additionally, this study explored the distribution of SNA model elements in the mantle and peripheral shell layers, which also impact the online learning experience of college students. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the various factors affecting college students' online learning experience, and highlights the importance of considering these factors when designing online learning environments for college students.

The Causes, Counseling, and Prevention Strategies for Maladaptive and Deviant Behaviors in Schools.

Governments, organizations, and schools around the world are committed to creating a safe and friendly campus environment to ensure students' high-quality comprehensive development and to cultivate positive mental and physical health states [...].

A study on Taiwan's vocational senior high school teachers' teaching identity and teaching transformation when facing a new competency-based curriculum.

Introduction: The competency of education is advocated in the 2023 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. UNESCO encourages countries to provide inclusive, equitable, competency education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Starting from 2019, 12-Year-Basic-Education, a new curriculum, was fully implemented in Taiwan to conform to the competency education strategy. For the teachers on site, teachers' understanding of the new curriculum and teaching practice has a direct impact on the competency of the implementation of this new policy. The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between vocational senior high school teachers' competency-oriented teaching, teaching identity and teaching transformation regarding this new curriculum. Methods: In order to effectively expand teachers' understanding of competency-oriented teaching identity, this study put forward 6 hypothetical approaches based on the implicit theory of teaching transformation. The 747 valid questionnaires accounted for 97.1% of the total recovered questionnaires. The reliability and validity analyses, as well as overall model fitting analysis and research model validation were performed on these valid questionnaires. Results: The results of the study showed: (1) With the background of Competency-oriented teaching, teachers' teaching attitude and teaching willingness has a positive impact on teaching identity; (2) teachers' teaching identity has a positive impact on teaching preparation, teaching practice, further study, three types of teaching transformation. In summary, three conclusions from this study were concluded on the aspects of teaching preparation, teaching practice and further study on practical competency-oriented teaching, teaching identity and teaching transformation in the educational field. Conclusion: Three conclusions were derived for the relationships among these six constructs: (1) Teachers with a "good attitude" and "strong willingness" to teach, a "high sense of identification" acceptance and full implement of "teaching preparation" are considered as teachers with a "foresight and a visionary predictive style"; (2) Teachers with a high sense of self-awareness who can fully practice "teaching practice" are teachers with a "pragmatic teaching by example style"; (3) Teachers with a "good attitude," a "strong willingness" to teach, a "high sense of identification" acceptance and who are able to fully practice "advanced research" are considered as teachers with an "empowerment-enhancing coaching style".

Practice effects of personalized interventions with interdisciplinary teamwork in type 2 diabetes remission: a retrospective study.

Objectives: A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of personalized interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an interdisciplinary team. Methods: Under the guidance of an interdisciplinary team, 40 patients with T2DM underwent a systematic examination at the beginning of the intervention, 3 months after the intervention, and 3 months of follow-up at the end of the intervention (i.e., at 6 months). Key indicators such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin level (FINS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Results: After the 3-month intervention, participants' BMI, FPG, 2hPG, FINS, and HbA1c improved significantly, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).These metrics remained essentially stable at the 3-month follow-up. Of all the participants, 92.5% (37 cases in total) successfully discontinued their medication after 3 months of intervention, of which 80% (32 cases) remained stable during the 3-month follow-up after discontinuation, fulfilling the criteria for remission of T2DM; 2 cases successfully reduced the dose of their medication, and only 1 case was maintained on the original treatment. Conclusions: Through an interdisciplinary team intervention strategy, we significantly optimized the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and BMI status of patients with T2DM, making diabetes remission an achievable goal, which provides valuable experience for further optimization of diabetes prevention and control protocols.

Antecedents and outcomes of cyberbullying among Chinese university students: verification of a behavioral pathway model.

Introduction: Cyberbullying is a commonly-seen and hotly-debated social topic around the globe. This negative behavior is the source of many disastrous events, and so leading government bodies, organizations, schools and social communities attach great importance to addressing this topic. However, there is still much work to do in order to be clear about the causes of cyberbullying. Methods: The previous research cases were mostly viewed from the victims' perspectives; however, there is no comprehensive understanding of the perpetrators' viewpoints. Therefore, based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and analysis of discussion in the literature, the following six variables were chosen as the focus of this study: overconfidence, excessive moral sense, cyberbullying, perceived value, happiness, and continued cyberbullying intention. This study established a research model of continued cyberbullying intention, which was verified by Structural Equation Modeling. In order to achieve the aims of the study, Chinese university students with an average age of 20.29 (SD = 1.43) were recruited as participants, from whom 1,048 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: The research results are as follows: 1. Overconfidence and excessive moral sense positively predicted cyberbullying behaviors; 2. Overconfidence positively predicted excessive moral sense; 3. Cyberbullying positively predicted perceived value and sense of happiness; and 4. Perceived value and sense of happiness positively predicted continued cyberbullying intentions. Conclusion: Students' biased self-perception significantly predicts their cyberbullying behaviors and continued cyberbullying intention. What is more, it is interesting to learn that perpetrators will continue to exhibit cyberbullying behaviors when they believe that what they do (cyberbullying) is valuable or allows them to experience positive feelings; this requires our attention.

What do they Need?-The academic counseling needs of students majoring in art and design in a higher vocational college in China.

Students in higher vocational education are always encountering various challenges. The way they attempt to conquer these challenges influences their success in achieving their academic goals. With the development of the times, the needs of students in China's vocational colleges to cope with challenges are also changing. In order to understand the changing needs of these students to cope with the challenges, based on Trautwein and Bosse's academic counseling demand model and Knowles's demand theory, this study adopted semi-structured interviews, key event collection methods, and purposive sampling to select 12 students of different grades majoring in art and design in a higher vocational college in Guangzhou, China. With reference to related studies on the key academic needs of students, interview outlines were designed, interviews were conducted, and coding and analysis were performed. Students' experiences were categorized according to learning-related, individual, organization, and social constructs. The study results showed that the academic counseling needs of China's higher vocational art and design students mainly focused on the learning-related construct, such as understanding the courses and course systems they were majoring in, setting and realizing academic goals, coping with setbacks, pressure and other students' comprehensive evaluation. This was followed by dealing with personal and financial issues, building social circles and peer relationships, and so on. Therefore, for students to overcome challenges and achieve academic goals, it is helpful to strengthen the collaboration between professional teachers and counselors, the influence of peers, the focus on academic consulting work related to learning, and to explore and carry out guidance on students' individual needs in higher vocational colleges.

[Changes of CCK-8, CGRP, SP, and VIP in the colon and the lung tissue of allergic asthma model rats: an experimental observation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe changes of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in each tissue of the digestive system of allergic asthma (AA) model rats. METHODS: The pulmonary disease (AA) rat model was duplicated by 1% ovalbumin. Its effect on the pathological morphology of the six main parts of the digestive system (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum) and related regulating factors such as CCK8, CGRP, SP, and VIP were observed. RESULTS: The pathological morphology of the lung was synchronously changed as that of the colon of model rats. But there was no obvious change in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, or rectum. Significant changes occurred in CCK8 (79 961.4 +/- 12 577.9, 48 519.5 +/- 12 240.7), CGRP (41 950.1 +/- 12 600.1, 38 059.8 +/- 11 942.4), and SP (88 243.9 +/- 32 177.2, 47 417.8 +/- 16 462.4), and VIP (20 711.4 +/- 7 334.6, 43 208.1 +/- 13 433.8) of the lung tissue and the colon tissue of model rats (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). But there was no significant change in the aforesaid substances of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary disease might affect the colon, inducing pathological changes of the colon tissue and changes of related regulating factors such as CCK8, CGRP, SP, and VIP. It showed no significant effect on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum.

The Relation between Intergroup Contact and Subjective Well-Being among College Students at Minzu Universities: The Moderating Role of Social Support.

Although Minzu universities provide a platform for communication for college students from all ethnic groups, the multi-ethnic communication pattern could influence students' well-being. To improve the well-being of these minority college students, this study analyzed the impact of intergroup contact on subjective well-being, as well as the moderating role of social support. Through a cross-sectional investigation, 860 valid data were collected from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The results found that the quantity of intergroup contact, the quality of intergroup contact, and the global intergroup contact could positively predict the subjective well-being of students at Minzu universities. Social support had a positive moderating effect. That is, the stronger the social support, the stronger prediction it had on subjective well-being from the quantity of intergroup contact, the quality of intergroup contact, and the global intergroup contact among college students at Minzu universities. Therefore, based on the methods of increasing contact opportunities, improving contact quality, and enhancing social support, Minzu universities can increase the interaction among students from all ethnic groups and so, further improve the subjective well-being of college students.

The effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of learning engagement.

Introduction: The present study aimed to examine the effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation, and the mediating role of learning engagement among Chinese college students to investigate the relationships between the three variables. Methods: The study used convenience sampling to recruit Chinese university students to participate voluntarily. A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected through the Questionnaire Star application. The average age of the participants was 18.77 years old, with 157 males and 286 females. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS. Results: (1) Chinese college students' online game addiction negatively affected their behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement (the three dimensions of learning engagement); (2) behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement negatively affected their reduced academic achievement motivation; (3) learning engagement mediated the relationship between online game addiction and reduced academic achievement motivation.