Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules.

Ensembles of particles governed by quantum mechanical laws exhibit intriguing emergent behaviour. Atomic quantum gases1,2, liquid helium3,4 and electrons in quantum materials5-7 all exhibit distinct properties because of their composition and interactions. Quantum degenerate samples of ultracold dipolar molecules promise the realization of new phases of matter and new avenues for quantum simulation8 and quantum computation9. However, rapid losses10, even when reduced through collisional shielding techniques11-13, have so far prevented evaporative cooling to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Here we report on the realization of a BEC of dipolar molecules. By strongly suppressing two- and three-body losses via enhanced collisional shielding, we evaporatively cool sodium-caesium molecules to quantum degeneracy and cross the phase transition to a BEC. The BEC reveals itself by a bimodal distribution when the phase-space density exceeds 1. BECs with a condensate fraction of 60(10)% and a temperature of 6(2) nK are created and found to be stable with a lifetime close to 2 s. This work opens the door to the exploration of dipolar quantum matter in regimes that have been inaccessible so far, promising the creation of exotic dipolar droplets14, self-organized crystal phases15 and dipolar spin liquids in optical lattices16.

Ultracold Gas of Dipolar NaCs Ground State Molecules.

We report on the creation of bosonic NaCs molecules in their absolute rovibrational ground state via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We create ultracold gases with up to 22 000 dipolar NaCs molecules at a temperature of 300(50) nK and a peak density of 1.0(4)×10^{12} cm^{-3}. We demonstrate comprehensive quantum state control by preparing the molecules in a specific electronic, vibrational, rotational, and hyperfine state. We measure the ground state ac polarizability at 1064 nm along with the two-body loss rate, which we find to be universal. Employing the tunability and strength of the permanent electric dipole moment of NaCs, we induce dipole moments of up to 2.6 D at a dc electric field of 2.1(2) kV/cm and demonstrate strong microwave coupling between the two lowest rotational states with a Rabi frequency of 2π×45 MHz. A large electric dipole moment, accessible at relatively small electric fields, makes ultracold gases of NaCs molecules well suited for the exploration of strongly interacting phases of dipolar quantum matter.

The Preventive and Control Recommendations on Patient With Cleft Lip and Palate During COVID-19 Pandemic in Shanghai.

ABSTRACT: As Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been gradually controlled domestically, various industries began to resume production in an orderly way. Attention should be paid to the disease and population characteristics of patients with cleft lip with/without palate during diagnosis and treatment. This article summarized and provided prevention and control recommendations on management strategies during hospitalization and protective measures of patients and healthcare workers, hoping to minimize the spread of disease and create a relatively safe environment for medical work.

Automatic Detection and Segmentation for Group-Housed Pigs Based on PigMS R-CNN.

Instance segmentation is an accurate and reliable method to segment adhesive pigs' images, and is critical for providing health and welfare information on individual pigs, such as body condition score, live weight, and activity behaviors in group-housed pig environments. In this paper, a PigMS R-CNN framework based on mask scoring R-CNN (MS R-CNN) is explored to segment adhesive pig areas in group-pig images, to separate the identification and location of group-housed pigs. The PigMS R-CNN consists of three processes. First, a residual network of 101-layers, combined with the feature pyramid network (FPN), is used as a feature extraction network to obtain feature maps for input images. Then, according to these feature maps, the region candidate network generates the regions of interest (RoIs). Finally, for each RoI, we can obtain the location, classification, and segmentation results of detected pigs through the regression and category, and mask three branches from the PigMS R-CNN head network. To avoid target pigs being missed and error detections in overlapping or stuck areas of group-housed pigs, the PigMS R-CNN framework uses soft non-maximum suppression (soft-NMS) by replacing the traditional NMS to conduct post-processing selected operation of pigs. The MS R-CNN framework with traditional NMS obtains results with an F1 of 0.9228. By setting the soft-NMS threshold to 0.7 on PigMS R-CNN, detection of the target pigs achieves an F1 of 0.9374. The work explores a new instance segmentation method for adhesive group-housed pig images, which provides valuable exploration for vision-based, real-time automatic pig monitoring and welfare evaluation.

Nursing strategies for COVID-19 prevention and control in a selected dental clinic.

AIM: To comprehensively introduce the prevention and control measures that we can take in dental clinics during the pandemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide some practical experience for the development of nursing and health policies applicable to COVID-19. BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 has placed the global health system under threat, which seriously influences the normal operations of human society. Safe and effective nursing measures should be taken to ensure the normal operation of dental clinics. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: We searched and referenced many references on the PubMed database. Through the combination of related literatures and our experience, we describe various strategies, including personnel management, personal protection, disinfection and isolation, adopted in the dental clinic of our Chinese hospital during the pandemic of COVID-19. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: We introduced strategies for the nursing staff in dental clinics to assist them with the prevention and control of COVID-19. The successful implementation of the protective measures could ensure the safety of medical staff and patients, and contributed to the normal operation of dental clinics during the pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: During the pandemic, frontline nurses are under physical and mental pressure facing the threat of infection while at work. In addition to pandemic prevention, we should also pay attention to the needs of nursing staff. More reasonable and effective nursing and health policies should be formulated to ensure their safety and protect their rights and interests. This is the only way that the prevention and control of COVID-19 can be achieved, and we can prepare for future public health events.

Developing a Guideline for Endotracheal Suctioning of Adults With Artificial Airways in the Perianesthesia Setting in China.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to adapt a guideline for endotracheal suctioning of adults with artificial airways in the perianesthesia setting in China. DESIGN: This study was guided by the ADAPTE framework. METHODS: The development process consisted of setup, adaptation, and finalization phases. A heterogeneous consultant panel that included a patient representative was established to contribute guidance and suggestions regarding guideline development. Relevant evidence documents were searched, critically appraised, selected, and synthesized to develop the draft guideline. After revisions, the adapted guideline was evaluated by 20 external reviewers. FINDINGS: A 155-page adapted guideline was developed with 26 key recommendations (including 3 procedure phases and 17 points of care). CONCLUSIONS: The adapted guideline provided the best evidence for endotracheal suctioning of adults with artificial airways and supported practitioner decisions about appropriate endotracheal suctioning practices for this population. The study also lays the groundwork for future projects on quality improvement and knowledge translation.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Pneumonia in 482 Patients Undergoing Oral Cancer Surgery With Tracheotomy.

PURPOSE: Elective tracheostomy is a common procedure used in patients with oral cancer. However, secondary tracheotomy-associated pneumonia (TAP) is an important complication after surgery. This study investigated the risk factors related to postoperative TAP complications in patients with oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from January 2012 to October 2013. Data on patients who had oral cancer and underwent neck dissection or reconstructive surgery with tracheotomy were collected from the Hospital Information System. The predictive variables were age, gender, alcohol history, smoking history, basic disease (including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease), tumor location, and duration of tracheotomy, which were extracted from electronic medical records. The outcome variable was TAP. Descriptive single factors and bivariate statistics were computed and the P value was set at .05. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-two patients who received tracheotomy after oral cancer surgery were included in this study and 95 (19.7%) developed TAP. Univariate analysis showed that male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.853; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.083-3.17; P = .024 to <.05), long duration of tracheotomy (OR = 1.673; 95% CI, 1.343-2.083; P < .0001), and smoking (OR = 1.656; 95% CI, 1.053-2.604; P = .029 to <.05) were risk factors for TAP. Then, 2 variables independently related to an increased risk of postoperative TAP were found by multivariate regression analysis, which were male gender (OR = 1.945; P = .018) and long duration of tracheotomy (OR = 1.694; P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that male gender and tracheotomy duration are important risk factors for TAP in patients undergoing major oral cancer surgery.

Leveraging AI techniques for predicting spatial distribution and determinants of carbon emission in China's Yangtze River Delta.

This study focuses on the prediction and management of carbon emissions (CE) under the backdrop of global warming, with a particular emphasis on developing spatial planning strategies for urban clusters. In this context, we integrate artificial intelligence technologies to devise an optimized spatial analysis method based on the attributes of multi-source, urban-level spatio-temporal big data on CE. This method enhances both the accuracy and interpretability of CE data processing. Our objectives are to accurately analyze the current status of CE, predict the future spatial distribution of urban CE in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and identify key driving factors. We aim to provide pragmatic recommendations for sustainable urban carbon management planning. The findings indicate that: (1) the algorithm designed by us demonstrates excellent fitting capabilities in the analysis of CE data in the YRD, achieving a fitting accuracy of 0.93; (2) it is predicted that from 2025 to 2030, areas with higher CE in the YRD will be primarily concentrated in the 'Provincial Capital Belt' and the 'Heavy Industry Belt'; (3) the economic foundation has been identified as the most significant factor influencing CE in the YRD; (4) projections suggest that CE in the YRD are likely to peak by 2030.

A planar cloverleaf antenna for circularly polarized microwave fields in atomic and molecular physics experiments.

We report on the design and characterization of a compact microwave antenna for atomic and molecular physics experiments. The antenna is comprised of four loop antennas arranged in a cloverleaf shape, allowing for precise adjustment of polarization by tuning the relative phase of the loops. We optimize the antenna for left-circularly polarized microwaves at 3.5 GHz and characterize its near-field performance using ultracold NaCs molecules as a precise quantum sensor. Observing an unusually high Rabi frequency of 2π × 46.1(2) MHz, we extract an electric field amplitude of 33(2) V/cm at 22 mm distance from the antenna. The polarization ellipticity is 2.3(4)°, corresponding to a 24 dB suppression of right-circular polarization. The cloverleaf antenna is planar and provides large optical access, making it highly suitable for quantum control of atoms and molecules and potentially other quantum systems that operate in the microwave regime.

[Current status of oral health literacy and its influencing factors among adult orthodontic patients].

PURPOSE: To investigate the current status of oral health literacy among adult orthodontic patients and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: Totally 163 adult orthodontic patients were recruited by convenience sampling method from November 2021 to February 2022 at the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. General information questionnaire, Chinese version of Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14), Chinese version of Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were applied. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of oral health literacy in adult orthodontic patients was (48.74±5.54), and the lowest score were obtained in concern (6.80±1.19) and support (6.40±1.59) dimensions. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that adult orthodontic patients' consultation self-efficacy, social support utilization, family or friends' orthodontic history and objective support were the influencing factors of oral health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health literacy in adult orthodontic patients is at a middle to high level, but concern and support literacy need to be improved. Strengthening consultation self-efficacy, objective support and utilization of social support can improve adult orthodontic patients' oral health literacy. Attention should be paid to patients who have no relatives or friends with history of orthodontic treatment.

[Construction and application of virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital emergency nursing of craniofacial injury patients].

PURPOSE: To construct a virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital emergency nursing of craniofacial injury patients by virtual simulation technology, and to evaluate its application effect. METHODS: Through virtual reality, animation, human-computer interaction and other technologies, a 3D experiment scene based on high simulation virtual human was constructed to reproduce the virtual rescue scenes of craniofacial injury patients, such as emergency reception, first-aid cooperation, massive hemorrhage rescue cooperation, and tracheotomy cooperation in emergency rescue of sudden airway obstruction, and exercise modules and assessment modules were set. In the virtual simulation platform, the students used the holistic nursing theory and the PDCA cycle method to observe, evaluate and care for craniofacial injury patients. Preliminary evaluation of the platform was carried out in the training of 62 dental nurses. RESULTS: The virtual simulation platform could improve students' comprehensive first-aid ability for craniofacial injury patients. The item with the highest satisfaction rate for the virtual simulation platform was the consistency between the content of the virtual simulation platform and the theoretical course (the satisfaction rate was 91.9%), and the lowest satisfaction rate was the convenience of the virtual simulation platform operation and the page setting (the satisfaction rate was 80.6%). The evaluation module of the virtual simulation platform showed that the highest score of the comprehensive evaluation was 97, the lowest score was 56, and the average score was 80.2. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual simulation teaching platform for in-hospital first aid of craniofacial injury patients can create an immersive learning mode, provide an intuitive rescue experience to the students, and improve their comprehensive first-aid ability.

Transcriptome Profiling Unveils a Critical Role of IL-17 Signaling-Mediated Inflammation in Radiation-Induced Esophageal Injury in Rats.

Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involving the initiation and progression of radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is important for prevention and treatment. Despite ongoing advances, the underlying mechanisms controlling RIEI remain largely unknown. In the present study, RNA-seq was performed to characterize mRNA profiles of the irradiated rat esophagus exposed to 0, 25, or 35 Gy irradiation. Bioinformatics analyses including dose-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and immune infiltration were performed. 134 DEGs were screened out with a dose-dependent manner (35 Gy > 25 Gy > control, or 35 Gy < 25 Gy < control). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the most significant mechanism was IL-17 signaling-mediated inflammatory response. 5 hub genes, Ccl11, Cxcl3, Il17a, S100a8, and S100a9, were identified through the intersection of the DEGs involved in inflammatory response, IL-17 pathway, and PPI network. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis showed the activation of macrophages, monocytes, T cells, NKT cells, and neutrophils, among which macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils might be the main sources of S100a8 and S100a9. Thus, these findings further our understanding on the molecular biology of RIEI and may help develop more effective therapeutic strategies.

Metabolic Profiling Implicates a Critical Role of Cyclooxygenase-2-Mediated Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Radiation-Induced Esophageal Injury in Rats.

Radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is a major dose-limiting complication of radiotherapy, especially for esophageal and thoracic cancers. RIEI is a multi-factorial and multi-step process, which is regulated by a complex network of DNA, RNA, protein and metabolite. However, it is unclear which esophageal metabolites are altered by ionizing radiation and how these changes affect RIEI progression. In this work, we established a rat model of RIEI with 0-40 Gy X-ray irradiation. Esophageal irradiation using ≥25 Gy induced significant changes to rats, such as body weight, food intake, water intake and esophageal structure. The metabolic changes and related pathways of rat esophageal metabolites were investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). One hundred eighty metabolites showed an up-regulation in a dose-dependent manner (35 Gy ≥ 25 Gy > controls), and 199 metabolites were downregulated with increasing radiation dose (35 Gy ≤ 25 Gy < controls). The KEGG analysis showed that ionizing radiation seriously disrupted multiple metabolic pathways, and arachidonic acid metabolism was the most significantly enriched pathway. 20 metabolites were dysregulated in arachidonic acid metabolism, including up-regulation of five prostaglandins (PGA2, PGJ2, PGD2, PGH2, and PGI2) in 25 or 35 Gy groups. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the key enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, was highly expressed in the esophagus of irradiated rats. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that PGJ2 may serve as a promising tissue biomarker for RIEI diagnosis. Taken together, these findings indicate that ionizing radiation induces esophageal metabolic alterations, which advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of RIEI from the perspective of metabolism.

[Analysis of information needs of patients with dentofacial deformities at different stages of treatment].

PURPOSE: To investigate the treatment experience and information needs of patients with dentofacial deformities in the process of surgical program design, surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with dentofacial deformities at different treatment stages from March to July 2019 were selected for semi-structured interview. Colaizzi content analysis method and QSR NVivo 12.0 software were used to analyze and code the data, as well as extract the theme and genus. RESULTS: Three themes and eight categories were extracted, including① information needs in different treatment stages, mainly specific content of information needs at pre-operative preparation stage, orthognathic perioperative stage and post-operative rehabilitation stage; ② information support methods, i.e., diversified information support methods and patients' recognition of internet information;③ patients' cognition difference,namely the difference between patients' psychological expectation and the results of operation. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the treatment characteristics of orthognathic surgery and individual cognitive differences of patients, there is a large demand for information support at different stages of treatment. However, the current information support mode is limited, so it is necessary to further improve and provide scientific, professional and targeted information support for patients with dentofacial deformities.

Periodontitis increases the risk of respiratory disease mortality in older patients.

Evidence for an association between periodontitis and respiratory disease in the older patients is limited. Additionally, little information exists regarding the role of potential effect modifiers. The aim of this study is to examine whether periodontitis increases the risk of respiratory disease mortality in older patients. Between January 2010 and December 2014, 1385 patients aged 75 years and above who underwent radiographic examination in the largest dental hospital in Shanghai, China were included in this retrospective cohort study. The dental examination was made with the panoramic radiographs. Demographic information and comorbid health conditions were collected from local health authorities. Participant follow up was continued until either the occurrence of mortality, or the end of the study on December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk hazard models were performed to examine the association between periodontitis and respiratory disease mortality. We found that periodontitis was associated with total respiratory disease mortality. Compared with healthy participants, the hazards ratio and 95% confidence interval for total respiratory disease mortality in patients with severe periodontitis was 2.72(1.04,7.11) after adjusting for relevant confounding variables. With increasing severity of periodontitis, risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality also increased significantly (P = .038). Smokers and participants with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 were at increased risk. Loss of teeth was not associated with either total respiratory disease or COPD mortality. Although the present study cannot ascertain causal association, it provides substantial evidence that poor periodontal health is associated with respiratory disease in the older patients, particularly in smokers and patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2.

Alveolar Bone Loss, Tooth Loss and Oral Cancer Mortality in Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: There has been growing interest in the association between periodontitis and systemic disease. In recent years, however, inconsistent results have also been found by case-control studies for the role of periodontitis in the development of oral cancer. This study aimed to examine whether periodontitis was an independent risk factor for oral cancer with a ≥75-year age group cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2014, 1385 patients aged ≥75 years who underwent radiographic examination were included in this retrospective cohort study. We collected demographic information and comorbid health conditions from local health authorities. Participants were followed up until either the occurrence of mortality, or the end of the study on December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk hazard models were used to examine the association between periodontitis and oral cancer mortality. RESULTS: Periodontitis and loss of teeth were significantly associated with oral cancer mortality. Compared to oral cancer mortality in healthy subjects, the HR and 95% CI in patients with mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were 4.46 (0.94-21.06), 5.16 (1.14-23.39), and 6.65 (1.51-29.36), respectively. The HR (95% CI) was 1.05 (1.01-1.09) for tooth loss after controlling for potential confounding factors. All the increases in risk persisted in patients aged ≥80 years. CONCLUSION: The present study provides substantial evidence that poor periodontal health is associated with oral cancer mortality. It is necessary to underline the importance of considering periodontitis in the prevention of oral cancer, particularly in the older patients.

[Qualitative study on the decision-making of orthognathic surgery in adult patients with malocclusion].

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to explore the experience associated with patient's decision to have or not have orthognathic treatment. METHODS: Phenomenological methodology was used in this study. Ten patients were collected from January 2018 to March 2018, who were consulted in the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. They were interviewed by semi-structured, face to face in-depth interviews. Data were organized and analyzed by Colaizzi methods. RESULTS: By reading, analysis and extraction, two topics, i.e, motivation and interference factor were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment information service was limited. Further research is needed to improve the information services that support the treatment decision of malocclusion patients and help them to make the best choice.

[Influential factors analysis of positive psychology in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma].

PURPOSE: To investigate the positive psychological reaction of patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma and related factors. METHODS: One hundred and five hospitalized patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma were investigated by self-designed general data questionnaire, positive psychological scale posttraumatic growth evaluation of quantitative PTG, and self-image questionnaire. SPSS 18.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Positive psychological score of the patients was 56.01±17.322, and self-image average score was 51.33±7.306. There were significant differences between male and female patients after trauma in new possibilities, personal power, self transformation and personal feeling (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between different ages in positive psychological reaction.With the improvement of educational level of patients, better personal power (P=0.031) and self transformation (P=0.01), and more positive psychological reaction were observed; Posttraumatic positive psychology of patients was negatively correlated with self-image score (r=-0.318, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The male patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma have more positive attitude than female. With the improvement of educational level, more positive psychological reaction was documented in term of personal strength, self-transformation,but no obvious change in relationship with others, new possibilities and personal feeling. The better self image, the more positive psychological reaction was displayed.

[Establishment of an evidence-based protocol for tracheotomy care in adult patients].

PURPOSE: To establish a clinical practice protocol for tracheotomy care of adult patients. METHODS: Though constructive document retrieval, personnel interview and brain-storming, protocol draft was constructed. Delphi method was used in the study, and the final protocol was based on two rounds of consultation among 15 experts from 10 tertiary general hospitals. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The effective rates of two rounds of questionnaire were 100% and 93.3%, the authority coefficient was 0.83, and the P value of expert coordination coefficients W was less than 0.05. The final evidence-based protocol for tracheotomy care in adult patients consists of 5 sections, 16 dimensions and 61 items. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence-based tracheotomy care protocol was combined with Chinese clinical status and experts' opinion. The protocol was scientific and credible, which may play an important role in clinical practice.

Dose, Plasma Level, and Treatment Outcome Among Methadone Patients in Shanghai, China.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood levels of methadone in participants receiving methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence. After stabilization on methadone for four weeks, blood samples from 95 participants were collected between treatment weeks 4 and 12, before and after receiving doses of methadone, and its blood levels were measured. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine the association between methadone blood levels and the outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Outcome differences between participants who had high (≥2) or low (<2) peak-to-trough ratios were also compared using an independent sample t-test. The blood level of methadone was not correlated with the clinical outcome of MMT with the moderate range of doses given. However, the retention of patients who had a free peak-to-trough ratio >2 was significantly poorer than those whose ratio was <2. Thus, monitoring plasma methadone levels is unlikely to be effective for guiding dosing decisions in situations where compliance with MMT is already very high or when the methadone dose is no longer the dominant factor in determining the clinical outcome. However, monitoring plasma methadone levels is still helpful for guiding the dosage for patients with a rapid metabolism.