Medical Knowledge Extraction and Analysis from Electronic Medical Records Using Deep Learning.

Objectives Medical knowledge extraction (MKE) plays a key role in natural language processing (NLP) research in electronic medical records (EMR), which are the important digital carriers for recording medical activities of patients. Named entity recognition (NER) and medical relation extraction (MRE) are two basic tasks of MKE. This study aims to improve the recognition accuracy of these two tasks by exploring deep learning methods. Methods This study discussed and built two application scenes of bidirectional long short-term memory combined conditional random field (BiLSTM-CRF) model for NER and MRE tasks. In the data preprocessing of both tasks, a GloVe word embedding model was used to vectorize words. In the NER task, a sequence labeling strategy was used to classify each word tag by the joint probability distribution through the CRF layer. In the MRE task, the medical entity relation category was predicted by transforming the classification problem of a single entity into a sequence classification problem and linking the feature combinations between entities also through the CRF layer. Results Through the validation on the I2B2 2010 public dataset, the BiLSTM-CRF models built in this study got much better results than the baseline methods in the two tasks, where the F1-measure was up to 0.88 in NER task and 0.78 in MRE task. Moreover, the model converged faster and avoided problems such as overfitting. Conclusion This study proved the good performance of deep learning on medical knowledge extraction. It also verified the feasibility of the BiLSTM-CRF model in different application scenarios, laying the foundation for the subsequent work in the EMR field.

Behavioral Responses of Pregnant Women to the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Network Era in China: Online Questionnaire Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early stage of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS: We recruited 1,099 women to complete an online questionnaire survey from February 10 to February 25, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups (the pregnant women group and the control group). RESULTS: Concerns about infection: most of the participants watched the COVID-19 news at least once a day. Protective behaviors: the utilization rate of pregnant women (often using various measures) was higher than that of nonpregnant women. Exercise: 30.6% of the pregnant women continued to exercise at home, whereas in the control group, this percentage was 8.4%. Spouse relationship: 38.8% of the subjects' relationship improved, whereas only 2.3% thought the relationship was getting worse. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women had some unique behavioral responses different from that of nonpregnant women. It is important to understand the behavioral responses of pregnant women in this network era.