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1.
J Clin Immunol ; 40(3): 475-493, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32040803

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by an inability of phagocytes to produce reactive oxygen species, impairing their killing of various bacteria and fungi. We summarize here the 93 cases of CGD diagnosed in Mexico from 2011 to 2019. METHODS: Thirteen Mexican hospitals participated in this study. We describe the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of the 93 CGD patients from 78 unrelated kindreds. RESULTS: Eighty-two of the patients (88%) were male. All patients developed bacterial infections and 30% suffered from some kind of fungal infection. Fifty-four BCG-vaccinated patients (58%) presented infectious complications of BCG vaccine. Tuberculosis occurred in 29%. Granulomas were found in 56% of the patients. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases were present in 15% of patients. A biological diagnosis of CGD was made in 89/93 patients, on the basis of NBT assay (n = 6), DHR (n = 27), and NBT plus DHR (n = 56). The deficiency was complete in all patients. The median age of biological diagnosis was 17 months (range, 0-186 months). A genetic diagnosis was made in 83/93 patients (when material was available), corresponding to CYBB (n = 64), NCF1 (n = 7), NCF2 (n = 7), and CYBA (n = 5) mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations in these Mexican CGD patients were similar to those in patients elsewhere. This cohort is the largest in Latin America. Mycobacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity in Mexico, as in other countries in which tuberculosis is endemic and infants are vaccinated with BCG. X-linked CGD accounted for most of the cases in Mexico, as in other Latin American countries. However, a significant number of CYBA and NCF2 mutations were identified, expanding the spectrum of known causal mutations.


Assuntos
Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/imunologia , Mutação/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/fisiologia , NADPH Oxidase 2/genética , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Adolescente , Autoimunidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Genes Ligados ao Cromossomo X , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Inflamação , Masculino , México/epidemiologia
2.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 78(5): 479-484, 2021 07 27.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34314409

RESUMO

Introducción: El neuroblastoma es el tumor maligno más frecuente en el primer año de vida y el tumor sólido extracraneal más frecuente en la infancia. Solo el 1% de los casos debuta con metástasis cutáneas, caracterizadas por nódulos azulados subcutáneos. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con un neuroblastoma suprarrenal izquierdo en el que las metástasis cutáneas constituían el síntoma principal. Caso clínico: Lactante de sexo femenino, de 2 meses de edad, sin antecedentes de importancia para el padecimiento actual. Acudió por presentar dermatosis diseminada en la región cervical y occipital, el abdomen, el muslo derecho y el pie izquierdo. La dermatosis se caracteriza por nódulos subcutáneos, sólidos, bien delimitados, < 1 cm, de color azulado, que iniciaron su aparición a los 7 días de vida en el hipocondrio derecho, con crecimiento progresivo, asintomáticos. Se realizó biopsia de un nódulo y se reportó la presencia de células pequeñas con núcleo denso hipercromático, escaso citoplasma y dispuestas en nidos. La inmunohistoquímica fue positiva para cromogranina y enolasa neuronal específica. Los hallazgos fueron compatibles con metástasis cutánea de neuroblastoma. Se solicitó valoración y abordaje por oncología pediátrica, que reportó un estadio 4 de la enfermedad y se inició el tratamiento correspondiente. Conclusiones: Los pediatras y los dermatólogos pediatras son los primeros en atender a niños con alguna lesión cutánea. Se deben tener en cuenta las metástasis cutáneas, que pueden aparecer antes o simultáneamente al diagnóstico de un tumor primario. Por lo tanto, se debe realizar un correcto abordaje con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida del paciente.


Assuntos
Neuroblastoma , Glândulas Suprarrenais , Criança , Humanos
4.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 73(2): 117-128, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29421193

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology that rarely occurs in children. It usually affects the lungs, however, it may involve various organs. It occasionally affects the general condition, and causes fever, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a twelve-year-old adolescent with late-onset childhood sarcoidosis which diagnosis was confirmed by lymph node histopathological study. The patient presented general condition, hypercalcemia, erythema nodosum, severe lung disorders, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and testicular mass. He received treatment with steroids, with excellent clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: We highlight the importance of considering the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, diffuse lung damage, erythema nodosum, testicular mass and hypercalcemia, as well as the need for a multidisciplinary approach to assess multiple organ involvement and the early beginning of steroid treatment in order to prevent the progression of the disease.

5.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 78(5): 479-484, Sep.-Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345443

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: El neuroblastoma es el tumor maligno más frecuente en el primer año de vida y el tumor sólido extracraneal más frecuente en la infancia. Solo el 1% de los casos debuta con metástasis cutáneas, caracterizadas por nódulos azulados subcutáneos. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con un neuroblastoma suprarrenal izquierdo en el que las metástasis cutáneas constituían el síntoma principal. Caso clínico: Lactante de sexo femenino, de 2 meses de edad, sin antecedentes de importancia para el padecimiento actual. Acudió por presentar dermatosis diseminada en la región cervical y occipital, el abdomen, el muslo derecho y el pie izquierdo. La dermatosis se caracteriza por nódulos subcutáneos, sólidos, bien delimitados, < 1 cm, de color azulado, que iniciaron su aparición a los 7 días de vida en el hipocondrio derecho, con crecimiento progresivo, asintomáticos. Se realizó biopsia de un nódulo y se reportó la presencia de células pequeñas con núcleo denso hipercromático, escaso citoplasma y dispuestas en nidos. La inmunohistoquímica fue positiva para cromogranina y enolasa neuronal específica. Los hallazgos fueron compatibles con metástasis cutánea de neuroblastoma. Se solicitó valoración y abordaje por oncología pediátrica, que reportó un estadio 4 de la enfermedad y se inició el tratamiento correspondiente. Conclusiones: Los pediatras y los dermatólogos pediatras son los primeros en atender a niños con alguna lesión cutánea. Se deben tener en cuenta las metástasis cutáneas, que pueden aparecer antes o simultáneamente al diagnóstico de un tumor primario. Por lo tanto, se debe realizar un correcto abordaje con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida del paciente.


Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant tumor in the first year of life and the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Only 1% of cases present with cutaneous metastases characterized by subcutaneous bluish nodules. We report the case of an infant with a left adrenal neuroblastoma in whom skin metastases were the main symptom. Case report: Two-month-old female infant with no relevant history for the current condition. The infant presented disseminated dermatosis affecting the head in the cervical and occipital region, abdomen, right thigh and left foot. Dermatosis was characterized by subcutaneous nodules, solid, well limited, < 1 cm, bluish color that appeared at 7 days of life in the right upper quadrant, with progressive growth, asymptomatic. A biopsy of a nodule was performed, which reported the presence of small cells with a dense hyperchromatic nucleus, scarce cytoplasm, arranged in nests. Immunohistochemistry was positive for chromogranin and specific neuronal enolase. Findings were consistent with cutaneous neuroblastoma metastasis. An assessment and approach by pediatric oncology were requested, reporting disease stage 4 and initiating the corresponding treatment. Conclusions: Pediatricians and pediatric dermatologists are the first to attend to children with a skin lesion. We must consider that skin metastases may appear prior to or simultaneously with the diagnosis of a primary tumor. Therefore, we should carry out a correct approach in order to improve the prognosis and the quality of life of the patient.

6.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 72(5): 325-332, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29421531

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare, X-linked genetic disease and affects all ectoderm-derived tissues such as skin, appendages, eyes, teeth and central nervous system as well as disorders of varying degree of cellular immunity characterized by decreasing melanin in the epidermis and increase in the dermis. When the condition occurs in males, it is lethal. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe incontinentia pigmenti confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The condition evolved with severe neurological disorders and seizures along with severe cellular immune deficiency, which affected the development of severe infections and caused the death of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of early clinical diagnosis is highlighted along with the importance of multidisciplinary management of neurological disorders and infectious complications.

7.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 59(2): 86-92, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24007964

RESUMO

BCG vaccine contains low virulence Mycobacterium bovis bacillus. In Mexico it is given at birth with few reported adverse reactions in immunocompetent children; however, in immuno-compromised patients it can cause serious local or systemic adverse reactions. The most frequent related diseases include chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). At this time, the innate defect of the IFN-?/IL-12/IL-23 axis constitutes the main implied alteration in patients with MSMD. We present the case of an infant with disseminated mycobacterial infection and history of BCG given at birth and documentation of an altered functional study of the IFN-?/IL12/IL-23 axis, specifically at the IL-12 pathway, which is susceptible to improve with exogenous IFN-? administration. Treatment was started with antituberculous drugs plus subcutaneous IFN-?, with a marked clinical improvement. In children with disseminated infection by weakly virulent intracellular microorganisms, such as the species included in BCG vaccine, primary or secondary underlying immunodeficiency should be ruled out.


Assuntos
Interleucina-12 , Mycobacterium bovis , Vacina BCG , Humanos , Lactente , Interferon gama , Interleucina-23
8.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 73(2): 117-128, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-839023

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad sistémica de etiología desconocida que raramente se presenta en la infancia. Generalmente afecta los pulmones; sin embargo, puede involucrar diversos órganos. Ocasionalmente afecta el estado general, y origina fiebre, hepatomegalia y esplenomegalia. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de doce años de edad con sarcoidosis infantil de inicio tardío, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado con un estudio histopatológico de ganglio linfático. El paciente cursó con afección general, hipercalcemia, eritema nodoso, alteraciones pulmonares graves, adenopatías, hepatomegalia y masa testicular. Recibió tratamiento con esteroides, con excelente respuesta clínica. Conclusiones: Se resalta la importancia de considerar el diagnóstico de sarcoidosis en los pacientes con hepatomegalia, adenopatías, daño pulmonar difuso, eritema nodoso, masa testicular e hipercalcemia, así como la necesidad del abordaje multidisciplinario para valorar el compromiso orgánico múltiple y el inicio oportuno de la terapia con esteroides, con el fin de evitar la progresión de la enfermedad.


Abstract: Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology that rarely occurs in children. It usually affects the lungs, however, it may involve various organs. It occasionally affects the general condition, and causes fever, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Case report: We report the case of a twelve-year-old adolescent with late-onset childhood sarcoidosis which diagnosis was confirmed by lymph node histopathological study. The patient presented general condition, hypercalcemia, erythema nodosum, severe lung disorders, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and testicular mass. He received treatment with steroids, with excellent clinical response. Conclusions: We highlight the importance of considering the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, diffuse lung damage, erythema nodosum, testicular mass and hypercalcemia, as well as the need for a multidisciplinary approach to assess multiple organ involvement and the early beginning of steroid treatment in order to prevent the progression of the disease.

9.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 72(5): 325-332, sep.-oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-781249

RESUMO

ResumenIntroducción: La incontinencia pigmenti es una enfermedad genética rara ligada al cromosoma X, letal en el varón, que afecta a todos los tejidos derivados del ectodermo, como piel, faneras, ojos, dientes y sistema nervioso central, y presenta alteraciones de grado variable en la inmunidad celular. Se caracteriza por la disminución de la melanina en la epidermis y su incremento en la dermis.Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una lactante de dos meses de edad con incontinencia pigmenti grave, confirmada con estudio histopatológico de piel, que cursó con alteraciones neurológicas severas y crisis convulsivas. Además, presentó inmunodeficiencia celular grave que condicionó el desarrollo de infecciones que le ocasionaron la muerte.Conclusiones: Se resalta la importancia del diagnóstico clínico temprano, así como la importancia del manejo multidisciplinario de las alteraciones neurológicas y de las complicaciones infecciosas.


AbstractBackground: Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare, X-linked genetic disease and affects all ectoderm-derived tissues such as skin, appendages, eyes, teeth and central nervous system as well as disorders of varying degree of cellular immunity characterized by decreasing melanin in the epidermis and increase in the dermis. When the condition occurs in males, it is lethal.Case report: We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe incontinentia pigmenti confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The condition evolved with severe neurological disorders and seizures along with severe cellular immune deficiency, which affected the development of severe infections and caused the death of the patient.Conclusions: The importance of early clinical diagnosis is highlighted along with the importance of multidisciplinary management of neurological disorders and infectious complications.

10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 64(1): 43-48, ene.-feb. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-700861

RESUMO

Introducción. La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad endémica en más de 82 países, con una población en riesgo de más de 350 millones de personas en el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que existen más de 12 millones de casos actualmente, con una incidencia anual de más de 600 000 casos por año y 750 000 muertes. No existen cifras confiables debido al gran número de casos no reportados, y por una gran proporción de casos asintomáticos o subclínicos. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 1 año 4 meses de edad proveniente del estado de Guerrero, el cual presentó cuadro clínico caracterizado por fiebre, esplenomegalia y pancitopenia. Se descartaron procesos infiltrativos y otra etiología infecciosa, se realizó inmunofluorescencia indirecta para Leishmania sp., obteniendo un resultado de 1:4 096, la cual apoyó el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis por la marcada seropositividad aun en la ausencia de amastigotes en el aspirado de médula ósea. Se dio tratamiento con anfotericina B desoxicolato a dosis de 1 mg/kg/día por 15 días, con buena evolución. Conclusión. El tratamiento con anfotericina B es una alternativa al tratamiento habitual con antimoniales, especialmente por la alta resistencia que se reporta a estos últimos.


Introduction. Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in more than 82 countries with a risk population of more than 350 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates more than 12 million cases annually, with an annual incidence of more than 600 000 cases per year and 750 000 deaths. Case report. We present a case of visceral leishmaniasis treated with amphotericin B in the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. The patient was a 16 month old male from the state of Guerrero, who was admitted to the hospital with history of fever, pancitopenia, and hepatosplenomegally. After ruling out neoplastic and other infectious and non infectious causes of organ infiltration, a positive Leishmania serology was reported. The bone marrow aspirate was examined but was reported negative for amastygotes. Based on the serology, a presumptive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was made. Treatment with amphotericin B, 1 mg/kg/day for 15 days resulted in significant clinical improvement. Conclusion. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B instead of antimony is a good alternative, principally due to the high resistance reported in the treatment with antimonials.

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