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Accurate prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients through the characterization of both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in individual patient cells holds great promise in informing targeted treatments, and ultimately in improving care pathways and clinical outcomes. Here, we describe the nanoplatform for interrogating living cell host-gene and (micro-)environment (NICHE) relationships, that integrates micro- and nanofluidics to enable highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples. The platform uses a unique nanopore-enhanced electrodelivery system that efficiently and rapidly integrates stable multichannel fluorescence probes into living CTCs for in situ quantification of target gene expression, while on-chip coculturing of CTCs with immune cells allows for the real-time correlative quantification of their phenotypic heterogeneities in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The NICHE microfluidic device provides a unique ability to perform both gene expression and phenotypic analysis on the same single cells in situ, allowing us to generate a predictive index for screening patients who could benefit from ICI. This index, which simultaneously integrates the heterogeneity of single cellular responses for both gene expression and phenotype, was validated by clinically tracing 80 non-small cell lung cancer patients, demonstrating significantly higher AUC (area under the curve) (0.906) than current clinical reference for immunotherapy prediction.
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Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Humanos , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Microfluídica/métodos , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Fenótipo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Imunoterapia/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/sangue , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and TG-rich lipoprotein (TGRLs) in circulation, and is closely associated with the incidence and development of cardiovascular disease. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) deficiency has been identified as a cause of familial combined hypolipidemia in humans, which allows it to be an important therapeutic target for reducing plasma lipids. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel fully human antibody F1519-D95aA against N-terminal ANGPTL3 (NT-ANGPTL3), which potently inhibits NT-ANGPTL3 with a KD as low as 9.21 nM. In hyperlipidemic mice, F1519-D95aA shows higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and TG-lowering, and similar LDL-C reducing activity as compared to positive control Evinacumab (56.50% vs 26.01% decrease in serum ApoB levels, 30.84% vs 25.28% decrease in serum TG levels, 23.32% vs 22.52% decrease in serum LDLC levels, relative to vehicle group). Molecular docking and binding energy calculations reveal that the F1519-D95aA-ANGPTL3 complex (10 hydrogen bonds, -65.51 kcal/mol) is more stable than the Evinacumab-ANGPTL3 complex (4 hydrogen bonds, -63.76 kcal/mol). Importantly, F1519-D95aA binds to ANGPTL3 with different residues in ANGPTL3 from Evinacumab, suggesting that F1519-D95aA may be useful for the treatment of patients resistant to Evinacumab. In conclusion, F1519-D95aA is a novel fully human anti-NT-ANGPTL3 antibody with potent plasma ApoB, TG, and LDL-C lowering activities, which can potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and relevant cardiovascular diseases.
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Bacteriófagos , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hiperlipidemias , Doenças Metabólicas , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Proteína 3 Semelhante a Angiopoietina , LDL-Colesterol , Proteínas Semelhantes a Angiopoietina/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Triglicerídeos , Apolipoproteínas BRESUMO
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the germline embedded proviral fragments of ancient retroviral infections that make up roughly 8% of the human genome. Our understanding of HERVs in physiology primarily surrounds their non-coding functions, while their protein coding capacity remains virtually uncharacterized. Therefore, we applied the bioinformatic pipeline "hervQuant" to high-resolution ribosomal profiling of healthy tissues to provide a comprehensive overview of translationally active HERVs. We find that HERVs account for 0.1-0.4% of all translation in distinct tissue-specific profiles. Collectively, our study further supports claims that HERVs are actively translated throughout healthy tissues to provide sequences of retroviral origin to the human proteome.
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Retrovirus Endógenos , Ribossomos , Humanos , Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Ribossomos/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The programmed death 1 inhibitor toripalimab plus the angio-immuno kinase inhibitor surufatinib showed a tolerable safety profile and preliminary efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors in a phase I study. METHODS: This open-label, multi-cohort study in China enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors who had failed or were intolerable to standard treatment into tumor-specific cohorts. Patients received surufatinib (250 mg orally, once daily) plus toripalimab (240 mg intravenously, once every three weeks). Results for three cohorts (gastric/gastroesophageal junction [GC/GEJ] adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC], and biliary tract carcinoma [BTC]) are reported here. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. RESULTS: Between December 17, 2019, and January 29, 2021, 60 patients were enrolled (GC/GEJ, n = 20; ESCC, n = 20; BTC, n = 20). At data cutoff (February 28, 2023), ORRs were 31.6%, 30.0%, and 11.1%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 4.1, 2.7, and 2.9 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 13.7, 10.4, and 7.0 months, respectively. Overall, grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 28 (46.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Surufatinib plus toripalimab showed promising antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile in immunotherapy-naïve patients with GC/GEJ adenocarcinoma, ESCC, or BTC. These findings warrant further study in larger randomized trials comparing surufatinib plus toripalimab with standard therapies in these tumors. CLINICALTRIALS: gov NCT04169672.
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Adenocarcinoma , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/mortalidade , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Junção Esofagogástrica/patologia , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
We have disclosed a novel metal-free tandem cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones starting from ester-functionalized aziridines. This strategy can be effectively promoted by DBU and carboxylic acids. Mechanistically, it involves sequential ring opening of aziridines with carboxylic acids, lactamization, and elimination of carboxylic acids.
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To tackle the environmental unfriendly issue in existing synthesis strategies for 6-substitued thiopurine derivatives, such as poor step economy, frequent use of malodorous organic sulfur starting materials, toxic organic solvents, and equivalent dosage of base, we have developed a CuI-catalyzed base-free three-component Ullmann C-S coupling synthetic strategy, featured using inorganic salt Na2S as the sulfur source and nontoxic PEG-600 as the solvent. The newly developed strategy is particularly effective for the synthesis of 6-arylthiopurines. The high catalytic efficiency in PEG-600 can be rationalized by the high soluble ability of CuI catalyst, likely due to the presence of multiple oxygen coordination sites in PEG.
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Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and depression. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression in American adults with stroke. Adults with stroke were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2018 in the USA. The DII was obtained from a 24-h dietary recall interview for each individual. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between DII and depression in adults with stroke. The mean age of the 1239 participants was 63·85 years (50·20 % women), and the prevalence of depression was 18·26 %. DII showed a linear and positive association with severe depression in adults with stroke (OR 1·359; 95 % CI 1·021, 1·810; P for non-linearity = 0·493). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of the DII, adults with stroke in the third tertile of the DII had a 3·222-fold higher risk of severe depression (OR 3·222; 95 % CI 1·150, 9·026). In the stratified analyses, the association between DII score and severe depression was more significant in older adults (P for interaction = 0·010) but NS with respect to sex (P for interaction = 0·184) or smoking status (P for interaction = 0·396). No significant association was found between DII and moderate-to-moderately severe depression in adults with stroke. In conclusion, an increase in DII score was associated with a higher likelihood of severe depression in older adults with stroke.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) who had macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). METHODS: We retrospectively examined 44 patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM and compared the clinical features between patients with MAS (n = 11) and those without (n=33). Patients without MAS were selected randomly in the same year as those with MAS at a ratio of 3:1. Among patients with MAS, we compared the features between non-survivors and survivors. We used Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, the Mann-Whitney U test and the log-rank test for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Patients complicated with MAS had a significantly higher incidence of infection, heliotrope sign, Gottron's papule, V-neck sign, and higher serum levels of ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) than those without MAS (p<0.05). Among the 11 patients with MAS, 4 (36.4%) died after intensive treatment. Deceased patients were older, given more combination therapy with tofacitinib (TOF) and had a higher incidence of rapid progressive interstitial lung disease, infection, heart failure and renal impairment than those who survived (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among anti-MDA5-positive DM, Infection, DM typical rashes, and higher serum levels of ferritin, AST, LDH, and CK were more common in patients complicated with MAS. The mortality of patients with MAS was high, particularly among patients who were older, given more combination therapy with TOF, and had RP-ILD, infection, heart failure and renal impairment.
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Dermatomiosite , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica , Humanos , Prognóstico , Dermatomiosite/diagnóstico , Dermatomiosite/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/complicações , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon , Autoanticorpos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Ferritinas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicaçõesRESUMO
Vibrio harveyi poses a significant threat to fish and invertebrates in mariculture, resulting in substantial financial repercussions for the aquaculture sector. Valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) is essential for the type VI secretion system's (T6SS) assembly and secretion. VgrG from V. harveyi QT520 was cloned and analyzed in this study. The localization of VgrG was determined by Western blot, which revealed that it was located in the cytoplasm, secreted extracellularly, and attached to the membrane. The effectiveness of two vaccinations against V. harveyi infection-a subunit vaccine (rVgrG) and a DNA vaccine (pCNVgrG) prepared with VgrG was evaluated. The findings indicated that both vaccines provided a degree of protection against V. harveyi challenge. At 4 weeks post-vaccination (p.v.), the rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited relative percent survival rates (RPS) of 71.43% and 76.19%, respectively. At 8 weeks p.v., the RPS for rVgrG and pCNVgrG were 68.21% and 72.71%, respectively. While both rVgrG and pCNVgrG elicited serum antibody production, the subunit vaccinated fish demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum anti-VgrG specific antibodies than the DNA vaccine group. The result of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFNγ), and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) were up-regulated by both rVgrG and pCNVgrG. Fish vaccinated with rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited increased activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme. These findings suggest that VgrG from V. harveyi holds potential for application in vaccination.
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Doenças dos Peixes , Vacinas de DNA , Vibrioses , Vibrio , Animais , Vibrioses/prevenção & controle , Vibrioses/veterinária , Valina , Vacinas Bacterianas , Peixes , Doenças dos Peixes/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The separation of high-octane dibranched alkanes from naphtha is critical in the refining of gasoline. To date, research on the membrane-based separation of alkane isomers has been limited, with a particular paucity of investigations into mixed-matrix membranes. Herein, the continuous and dense UiO-66/PIM-1 mixed-matrix membrane, which was prepared through precise control of the interfacial structure, was first applied to the differentiation of C6 alkane isomers. Due to the synergistic combination of UiO-66 with differential adsorption capabilities for alkanes and PIM-1 that possesses a cross-linkable structure, the resulting UiO-66/PIM-1-(20) membrane demonstrated remarkable separation performance and high stability. Pervaporation measurements showed that the mass fraction of 2,2-dimethylbutane in the feed side was increased from 50.0 to 75.8 wt % while an excellent flux of 1700 g m-2 h-1 was maintained over a continuous 40 h period. The UiO-66/PIM-1-(20) membrane, characterized by its facile replication and processing, shows potential for large-scale fabrication. This study offers a new approach to the membrane separation of alkane isomers.
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The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a significant pest that damages a variety of fruit crops. The effectiveness of chemical pesticides against such pests is limited, raising concerns about pesticide residues and resistance. Proteins naturally attract B. dorsalis and have led to the development of a management strategy known as protein bait attractant technology (BAT). Although the attraction of protein sources to B. dorsalis is well-documented, the biologically active components within these sources are not fully understood. This study employed analytical chemistry, behavioral tests, and electrophysiological techniques to investigate the behaviorally active components of beer yeast protein powder (BYPD), aiming to provide a basis for improving and developing protein baits. An olfactory trap assay confirmed the attractiveness of BYPD, and five components with high abundance were identified from its headspace volatiles using GC-MS. These components included ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl decanoate, benzaldehyde, and phenylethyl alcohol. Mixtures of these five components demonstrated significant attraction to B. dorsalis adults, with benzaldehyde identified as a potential key component. The attractiveness of benzaldehyde required a relatively large dose, and it was most attractive to adults that had been starved from dusk until the following morning. Attraction of adult flies to benzaldehyde appeared mainly mediated by inputs from olfactory receptors. While EAG data supports that ionotropic receptors could influence the detection of benzaldehyde in female adults, they did not affect female behavior towards benzaldehyde. These findings indicate that benzaldehyde is an important behaviorally active component in BYPD and offer insights for developing novel protein lures to control B. dorsalis in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Xanthone-chromanone homo- or heterodimers are regarded as a novel class of topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors; however, limited information about these compounds is currently available. Here, 14 new (1-14) and 6 known tetrahydroxanthone chromanone homo- and heterodimers (15-20) are reported as isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum C-7-2-1. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously demonstrated by a combination of spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, modified Mosher's method, and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Plausible biosynthetic pathways are proposed. For the first time, it was discovered that tetrahydroxanthones can convert to chromanones in water, whereas chromone dimerization does not show this property. Among them, compounds 5, 7, 8, and 16 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against H23 cell line with IC50 values of 6.9, 6.4, 3.9, and 2.6 µM, respectively.
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Antineoplásicos , Cromonas , Penicillium chrysogenum , Penicillium , Xantonas , Estrutura Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Inibidores da Topoisomerase , Xantonas/farmacologia , Xantonas/química , Penicillium/químicaRESUMO
Type III redundancy of the foramen ovale flap (RFOF) mimics hemodynamic changes of mitral stenosis(MS), which has not been particularly highlighted in previous literature but carries a favorable prognosis.
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Hemodinâmica , Estenose da Valva Mitral , Humanos , Estenose da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Forame Oval/fisiopatologia , Forame Oval/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana/métodosRESUMO
Cellulose-based adsorbents have been extensively developed in heavy metal capture and wastewater treatment. However, most of the reported powder adsorbents suffer from the difficulties in recycling due to their small sizes and limitations in detecting the targets for the lack of sensitive sensor moieties in the structure. Accordingly, carbon dots (CDs) were proposed to be encapsulated in cellulosic hydrogel beads to realize the simultaneous detection and adsorption of Hg (II) in water due to their excellent fluorescence sensing performance. Besides, the molding of cellulose was beneficial to its recycling and further reduced the potential environmental risk generated by secondary pollution caused by adsorbent decomposition. In addition, the detection limit of the hydrogel beads towards Hg (II) reached as low as 8.8 × 10-8 M, which was below the mercury effluent standard declared by WHO, exhibiting excellent practicability in Hg (II) detection and water treatment. The maximum adsorption capacity of CB-50 % for Hg (II) was 290.70 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorbent materials also had preeminent stability that the hydrogel beads could maintain sensitive and selective sensing performance towards Hg (II) after 2 months of storage. Additionally, only 3.3% of the CDs leaked out after 2 weeks of immersion in water, ensuring the accuracy of Hg (II) evaluation. Notably, the adsorbent retained over 80% of its original adsorption capacity after five consecutive regeneration cycles, underscoring its robustness and potential for sustainable environmental applications.
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Carbono , Celulose , Hidrogéis , Mercúrio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Mercúrio/análise , Celulose/química , Adsorção , Hidrogéis/química , Carbono/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Pontos Quânticos/químicaRESUMO
With the rapid development of industry, the discharge of heavy metal-containing wastewater poses a significant threat to aquatic and terrestrial environments as well as human health. This paper provides a brief introduction to the basic principles of ion-imprinted polymer preparation and focuses on the interaction between template ions and functional monomers. We summarized the current research status on typical heavy metal ions, such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI), as well as metalloid metal ions of the As and Sb classes. Furthermore, it discusses recent advances in multi-ion-imprinted polymers. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges faced by ion-imprinted technology and explores its prospects for application.
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Elastomeric solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are highly promising to address the solid-solid-interface issues of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), but compromises have to be made to balance the intrinsic trade-offs among their conductive, resilient and recyclable properties. Here, we propose a dual-bond crosslinking strategy for SPEs to realize simultaneously high ionic conductivity, elastic resilience and recyclability. An elastomeric SPE is therefore designed with hemiaminal dynamic covalent networks and Li+-dissociation co-polymer chains, where the -C-N- bond maintains the load-bearing covalent network under stress but is chemically reversible through a non-spontaneous reaction, the weaker intramolecular hydrogen bond is mechanically reversible, and the soft chains endow the rapid ion conduction. With this delicate structure, the optimized SPE elastomer achieves high elastic resilience without loading-unloading hysteresis, outstanding ionic conductivity of 0.2â mS cm-1 (25 °C) and chemical recyclability. Then, exceptional room-temperature performances are obtained for repeated Li plating/stripping tests, and stable cycling of LMBs with either LiFePO4 or 4.3â V-class LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4 cathode. Furthermore, the recycled and reprocessed SPEs can be circularly reused in LMBs without significant performance degradation. Our findings provide an inspiring design principle for SPEs to address the solid-solid-interface and sustainability challenges of solid-state LMBs.
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A new targeted observational algorithm was developed to optimize prediction targets across various regions and variables. This approach was utilized to design an optimal ENSO monitoring array in the TPOS 2020 project.
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Red mud is a solid waste containing valuable components, such as aluminum and iron. This paper aims to recover aluminum and iron from red mud by acid leaching and prepare polyaluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS) to apply for the turbidity reduction treatment of coal slurry water. The behaviors of leaching, polymerizing, and coagulation were analyzed by leaching thermodynamics and advanced micro-detection methods. More than 90% of aluminum and 60% of iron in red mud were dissolved into the leaching solution by using 50% sulfuric acid (v/v) with 7 mL/g at 100 °C for 2 h, where the crystal lattice of cancrinite was significantly destroyed to promote the dissolution of aluminum. The low polymerization (Al + Fe)a, medium polymerization (Al + Fe)b, and high polymerization (Al + Fe)c could be generated in PAFS by adjusting the basicity of the leaching solution with 0.7-0.9. The removal efficiency of turbidity of wastewater could reach more than 95% by using PAFS at 25 mg/L in the pH range of 6.0-7.0. The turbidity reduction mechanism included not only the electric neutralization of (Al + Fe)a but also the adsorption of (Al + Fe)b and the entrapment effect of (Al + Fe)c. This current study contributes to the future development of red mud based on flocculants containing aluminum and iron for wastewater treatment.
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STUDY OBJECTIVE: We conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence and evaluate the relationship between a history of allergies/allergic diseases and perioperative anaphylaxis to offer preventive decision support. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. SETTING: We searched the MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for observational studies. Two investigators independently performed the search, screened the articles, and collected the study details. MEASUREMENTS: Several databases were systematically searched to evaluate the relationship between a history of allergies/allergic diseases and perioperative anaphylaxis using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 19 studies involving 672 anaphylaxis episodes, 5608 immune-mediated reactions, and 1126 severe episodes met the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Drug allergies, food allergies, a history of allergies, and atopy increased the incidence of perioperative anaphylaxis (Drug allergies, odds ratio [OR] 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-11.69; Food allergies, OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.23-4.26; A history of allergies, OR 4.86, 95% CI 3.65-6.49; Atopy, OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.47-8.71), but not the presence of immune-mediated reactions and the severity of perioperative anaphylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with previous drug allergies, food allergies, a history of allergies, or atopy are more likely to develop anaphylaxis during the perioperative period. Additional studies should be carried out to determine whether a history of allergies/allergic diseases is a major factor for perioperative anaphylaxis when confounders are controlled.
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Anafilaxia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Humanos , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/complicações , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/epidemiologia , Incidência , Período PerioperatórioRESUMO
Catalytic polymerization pathways in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently drawn much attention for organic pollutant elimination owing to the rapid removal kinetics, high selectivity, and recovery of organic carbon from wastewater. This work presents a review on the polymerization regimes in AOPs and their applications in wastewater decontamination. The review mainly highlights three critical issues in polymerization reactions induced by persulfate activation (Poly-PS-AOPs), including heterogeneous catalysts, persulfate activation pathways, and properties of organic substrates. The dominant influencing factors on the selection of catalysts, activation regimes of reactive oxygen species, and polymerization processes of organic substrates are discussed in detail. Moreover, we systematically demonstrate the merits and challenges of Poly-PS-AOPs upon pollutant degradation and polymer synthesis. We particularly highlight that Poly-PS-AOPs technology could be promising in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing heterocyclic organics and the synthesis of polymers and polymer-functionalized materials for advanced environmental and energy applications.