HCC EV ECG score: An extracellular vesicle-based protein assay for detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The sensitivity of current surveillance methods for detecting early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is suboptimal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection. In this study, we aim to develop an HCC EV-based surface protein assay for early detection of HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Tissue microarray was used to evaluate four potential HCC-associated protein markers. An HCC EV surface protein assay, composed of covalent chemistry-mediated HCC EV purification and real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction readouts, was developed and optimized for quantifying subpopulations of EVs. An HCC EV ECG score, calculated from the readouts of three HCC EV subpopulations ( E pCAM + CD63 + , C D147 + CD63 + , and G PC3 + CD63 + HCC EVs), was established for detecting early-stage HCC. A phase 2 biomarker study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ECG score in a training cohort ( n  = 106) and an independent validation cohort ( n  = 72).Overall, 99.7% of tissue microarray stained positive for at least one of the four HCC-associated protein markers (EpCAM, CD147, GPC3, and ASGPR1) that were subsequently validated in HCC EVs. In the training cohort, HCC EV ECG score demonstrated an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-0.99) for distinguishing early-stage HCC from cirrhosis with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90%. The AUROCs of the HCC EV ECG score remained excellent in the validation cohort (0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99) and in the subgroups by etiology (viral: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00; nonviral: 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99). CONCLUSION: HCC EV ECG score demonstrated great potential for detecting early-stage HCC. It could augment current surveillance methods and improve patients' outcomes.

Glioma Single-Cell Biomechanical Analysis by Cyclic Conical Constricted Microfluidics.

Determining the grade of glioma is a critical step in choosing patients' treatment plans in clinical practices. The pathological diagnosis of patient's glioma samples requires extensive staining and imaging procedures, which are expensive and time-consuming. Current advanced uniform-width-constriction-channel-based microfluidics have proven to be effective in distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissues, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, etc. However, the uniform-width-constriction channels can result in low yields on glioma cells with irregular morphologies and high heterogeneity. In this research, we presented an innovative cyclic conical constricted (CCC) microfluidic device to better differentiate glioma cells from normal glial cells. Compared with the widely used uniform-width-constriction microchannels, the new CCC configuration forces single cells to deform gradually and obtains the biophysical attributes from each deformation. The human-derived glioma cell lines U-87 and U-251, as well as the human-derived normal glial astrocyte cell line HA-1800 were selected as the proof of concept. The results showed that CCC channels can effectively obtain the biomechanical characteristics of different 12-25 µm glial cell lines. The patient glioma samples with WHO grades II, III, and IV were tested by CCC channels and compared between Elastic Net (ENet) and Lasso analysis. The results demonstrated that CCC channels and the ENet can successfully select critical biomechanical parameters to differentiate the grades of single-glioma cells. This CCC device can be potentially further applied to the extensive family of brain tumors at the single-cell level.

Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a malformation of cortical development, is the most common cause of intractable epilepsy in children. However, the causes and underlying molecular events of FCD need further investigation. The microarray dataset GSE62019 and GSE97365 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. To examine critical genes and signaling pathways, bioinformatics analysis tools such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, miRNA-mRNA interaction networks, and immune infiltration in FCD samples were used to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of FCD. A total of 534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained. The DEGs obtained were enriched in ribosomal, protein targeting, and pathways of neurodegeneration multiple diseases, whereas the target genes of DEMs were enriched in signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, PI3K-Akt, etc. Finally, four hub genes (RPL11, FAU, RPS20, RPL27) and five key miRNAs (hsa-let-7b, hsa-miR-185, hsa-miR-23b, hsa-miR-222 and hsa-miR-92b) were obtained by PPI network, miRNA-mRNA network, and ROC analysis. The immune infiltration results showed that the infiltration levels of five immune cells (MDSC, regulatory T cells, activated CD8+ T cells, macrophage and effector memory CD8+ T cells) were slightly higher in FCD samples than in control samples. Moreover, the gene expressions of RPS19, RPL19, and RPS24 were highly correlated with the infiltration levels and immune characteristics of 28 immune cells. It broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of FCD and enlightens the identification of molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for FCD.

Visible-Light-Driven Nitrogen Fixation Catalyzed by Bi5O7Br Nanostructures: Enhanced Performance by Oxygen Vacancies.

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation represents a green alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch process in the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia. In this study, a series of Bi5O7Br nanostructures were synthesized via a facile, low-temperature thermal treatment procedure, and their photocatalytic activity toward nitrogen fixation was evaluated and compared. Spectroscopic measurements showed that the tubular Bi5O7Br sample prepared at 40 °C (Bi5O7Br-40) exhibited the highest electron-transfer rate among the series, producing a large number of O2.- radicals and oxygen vacancies under visible-light photoirradiation and reaching a rate of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation of 12.72 mM·g-1·h-1 after 30 min of photoirradiation. The reaction dynamics was also monitored by in situ infrared measurements with a synchrotron radiation light source, where the transient difference between signals in the dark and under photoirradiation was analyzed and the reaction pathway of nitrogen fixation was identified. This was further supported by results from density functional theory calculations. The reaction energy of nitrogen fixation was quantitatively estimated and compared by building oxygen-enriched and anoxic models, where the change in the oxygen vacancy concentration was found to play a critical role in determining the nitrogen fixation performance. Results from this study suggest that Bi5O7Br with rich oxygen vacancies can be used as a high-performance photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation.

PolyA-Mediated DNA Assembly on Gold Nanoparticles for Thermodynamically Favorable and Rapid Hybridization Analysis.

Understanding the behavior of biomolecules on nanointerface is critical in bioanalysis, which is great challenge due to the instability and the difficulty to control the orientation and loading density of biomolecules. Here, we investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA hybridization on gold nanoparticle, with the aim to improve the efficiency and speed of DNA analysis. We achieved precise and quantitative surface control by applying a recently developed poly adenines (polyA)-based assembly strategy on gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs). PolyA served as an effective anchoring block based on the preferential binding with the AuNP surface and the appended recognition block adopted an upright conformation that favors DNA hybridization. The lateral spacing and surface density of DNA on AuNPs can be systematically modulated by adjusting the length of polyA block. We found the stability of duplex on AuNP was enhanced with the increasing length of polyA block. When the length of polyA block reached to 40 bases, the thermodynamic properties were more similar to that of duplex in solution. Fast hybridization rate was observed on the diblock DNA-AuNPs and was increased along with the length of polyA block. We consider the high stability and excellent hybridization performance come from the minimization of the DNA-DNA and DNA-AuNP interactions with the use of polyA block. This study provides better understanding of the behavior of biomolecules on the nanointerface and opens new opportunities to construct high-efficiency and high-speed biosensors for DNA analysis.

Unraveling the role of hydrogen peroxide in α-synuclein aggregation using an ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic probe.

Aggregation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in Lewy bodies is largely responsible for the demise and death of dopamine neurons. Oxidative stress associated with the aggregation-induced oxidative damage is considered as a possible origin of the toxicity. However, the cellular mechanism of H2O2 in the aggregation of α-Syn remains a debate, i.e., whether the aggregation is caused by endogenously secreted or exogenous H2O2 from upstream. Here, we report on the development of an ultrasensitive plasmonic assay with a designed nanoplasmonic probe to unravel the role of H2O2 in the aggregation of α-Syn. The nanoplasmonic probe is composed of a Au nanoparticle with surface-attached double-stranded DNA and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the presence of H2O2, HRP initiates the polymerization of aniline, which in turn results in the in situ formation of a layer of conducting polymer on the nanoplasmonic probe. By monitoring the associated plasmonic response, we can sensitively detect H2O2 with a remarkably low detection limit of 8 nM. With this ultrasensitive plasmonic assay, we find that exogenous H2O2 plays a dominant role for the aggregation of α-Syn in vitro, whereas the contribution from endogenously secreted H2O2 is negligible.

18F-FDG PET/CT-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Prediction of Bone Marrow Involvement in Pediatric Neuroblastoma: A Two-Center Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive ability of an 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics nomogram for bone marrow involvement in pediatric neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 241 neuroblastoma patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at two medical centers were retrospectively evaluated. Data from center A (n = 200) were randomized into a training cohort (n = 140) and an internal validation cohort (n = 60), while data from center B (n = 41) constituted the external validation cohort. For each patient, two regions of interest were defined using the tumor and axial skeleton. The clinical factors and radiomics features were derived to construct the clinical and radiomics models. The radiomics nomogram was built by combining clinical factors and radiomics features. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to assess the performance of the models. RESULTS: Radiomics models created from tumor and axial skeleton achieved AUCs of 0.773 and 0.900, and the clinical model had an AUC of 0.858 in the training cohort. By incorporating clinical risk factors and axial skeleton-based radiomics features, the AUC of the radiomics nomogram in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort was 0.932, 0.887, and 0.733, respectively. CONCLUSION: The axial skeleton-based radiomics model performed better than the tumor-based radiomics model in predicting bone marrow involvement. Moreover, the radiomics nomogram showed that combining axial skeleton-based radiomics features with clinical risk factors improved their performance.

Whole-tumoral metabolic heterogeneity in 18F-FDG PET/CT is a novel prognostic marker for neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly heterogeneous tumor, and more than half of newly diagnosed NB are associated with extensive metastases. Accurately characterizing the heterogeneity of whole-body tumor lesions remains clinical challenge. This study aims to quantify whole-tumoral metabolic heterogeneity (WMH) derived from whole-body tumor lesions, and investigate the prognostic value of WMH in NB. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 95 newly diagnosed pediatric NB patients in our department. Traditional semi-quantitative PET/CT parameters including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), the peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured. These PET/CT parameters were expressed as PSUVmax, PSUVmean, PSUVpeak, PMTV, PTLG for primary tumor, WSUVmax, WSUVmean, WSUVpeak, WMTV, WTLG for whole-body tumor lesions. The metabolic heterogeneity was quantified using the areas under the curve of the cumulative SUV-volume histogram index (AUC-CSH index). Intra-tumoral metabolic heterogeneity (IMH) and WMH were extracted from primary tumor and whole-body tumor lesions, respectively. The outcome endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Survival analysis was performed utilizing the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. The optimal cut-off values for metabolic parameters were obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: During follow up, 27 (28.4%) patients died, 21 (22.1%) patients relapsed and 47 (49.5%) patients remained progression-free survival, with a median follow-up of 35.0 months. In survival analysis, WMTV and WTLG were independent indicators of PFS, and WMH was an independent risk factor of PFS and OS. However, IMH only showed association with PFS and OS. In addition to metabolic parameters, the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) was identified as an independent risk factor for PFS, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) served as an independent predictor of OS. CONCLUSION: WMH was an independent risk factor for PFS and OS, suggesting its potential as a novel prognostic marker for newly diagnosed NB patients.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of pediatric neuroblastoma: a multi-omics parameters method to predict MYCN copy number category.

Background: The MYCN copy number category is closely related to the prognosis of neuroblastoma (NB). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the predictive ability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomic features for MYCN copy number in NB. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 pediatric patients with NB that had been confirmed by pathology. To develop the Bio-omics model (B-model), which incorporated clinical and biological aspects, PET/CT radiographic features, PET quantitative parameters, and significant features with multivariable stepwise logistic regression were preserved. Important radiomics features were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and univariable analysis. On the basis of radiomics features obtained from PET and CT scans, the radiomics model (R-model) was developed. The significant bio-omics and radiomics features were combined to establish a Multi-omics model (M-model). The above 3 models were established to differentiate MYCN wild from MYCN gain and MYCN amplification (MNA). The calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to verify the prediction performance. Post hoc analysis was conducted to compare whether the constructed M-model can distinguish MYCN gain from MNA. Results: The M-model showed excellent predictive performance in differentiating MYCN wild from MYCN gain and MNA, which was better than that of the B-model and R-model [area under the curve (AUC) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.92 vs. 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90 and 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.89]. The calibration curve showed that the M-model had the highest reliability. Post hoc analysis revealed the great potential of the M-model in differentiating MYCN gain from MNA (AUC 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89-1). Conclusions: The M-model model based on bio-omics and radiomics features is an effective tool to distinguish MYCN copy number category in pediatric patients with NB.

Degradation of Alternaria mycotoxins by UV-C irradiation: Effect of selected process and exposure to food components.

Alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) are two Alternaria mycotoxins with high occurrence rates in food systems. This study aimed to investigate the photodegradation of AOH and AME by ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation. The effect of UV-C intensity, pH, treatment time, solvents and the exposure of food components were evaluated. After treated by UV-C irradiation at 3500 µW/cm2 for 90 min, AOH samples in methanol, aqueous solution and solid state were degraded by 89.1%, 72.9% and 53.2%, respectively, while the degradation percentages of AME were 86.6%, 50.1% and 11.1%, respectively. Increasing irradiation intensity and prolonging irradiation time could significantly facilitate the degradation of AOH and AME. An alkaline environment (pH = 11) was more conducive to the degradation of toxins. In addition, 2.5 mg mL-1 citric acid or malic acid increased the photodegradation of AOH and AME to 94.6% and 95.3%, 93.2% and 70.5%, respectively. However, protein, polyphenols and vitamin C exerted inhibitory effects on the degradation, while 10% glucose or sucrose reduced the photodegradation of AOH and AME to 65.9% and 40.3%. UV-C treatment could effectively reduce the content of AOH and AME, with the highest efficiency achieved in methanol and alkaline environment. By contrast, UV-C irradiation is more effective in degrading toxins in some liquid foods rich in organic acids but lacking in protein. The utilization of UV-C radiation appears to be a potentially useful approach for decreasing the underlying risk of Alternaria mycotoxin contamination in foods.

Predicting MYCN amplification in paediatric neuroblastoma: development and validation of a 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomics signature.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate an 18F-FDG PET/CT-based clinical-radiological-radiomics nomogram and evaluate its value in the diagnosis of MYCN amplification (MNA) in paediatric neuroblastoma (NB) patients. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with NB were retrospectively included. We constructed a nomogram to predict MNA based on radiomics signatures, clinical and radiological features. The multivariable logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used for feature selection. Radiomics models are constructed using decision trees (DT), logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. A clinical-radiological (C-R) model was developed using clinical and radiological features. A clinical-radiological-radiomics (C-R-R) model was developed using the C-R model of the best radiomics model. The prediction performance was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS: The present study showed that four radiomics signatures were significantly correlated with MNA. The SVM classifier was the best model of radiomics signature. The C-R-R model has the best discriminant ability to predict MNA, with AUCs of 0.860 (95% CI, 0.757-0.963) and 0.824 (95% CI, 0.657-0.992) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the C-R-R model has the goodness of fit and DCA confirms its clinical utility. CONCLUSION: Our research provides a non-invasive C-R-R model, which combines the radiomics signatures and clinical and radiological features based on 18F-FDGPET/CT images, shows excellent diagnostic performance in predicting MNA, and can provide useful biological information with stratified therapy. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Radiomic signatures of 18F-FDG-based PET/CT can predict MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma. KEY POINTS: • Radiomic signatures of 18F-FDG-based PET/CT can predict MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma. • SF, LDH, necrosis and TLG are the independent risk factors of MYCN amplification. • Clinical-radiological-radiomics model improved the predictive performance of MYCN amplification.

Evaluation of iodine-123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography based on the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma score in children with neuroblastoma.

Background: This study sought to examine whether iodine-123-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), which is based on the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) score, could improve the diagnostic efficiency of children with neuroblastoma (NB), and to compare the diagnostic ability of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 238 scans of patients who underwent 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. The diagnostic study was not registered with a clinical trial platform, and the study protocol was not published. The standard was established based on pathology, other relevant imaging examinations, and follow-up. The SIOPEN scores were calculated separately based on planar and tomographic imaging. Results: In a comparison to the standard mentioned in the method, the diagnostic accuracy of planar and tomographic imaging was 151 of 238 (63.5%) and 228 of 238 (95.8%), respectively, and the κ values of the SIOPEN score were 0.468 and 0.855 (P<0.001), respectively. The SIOPEN scores differed significantly among the various subgroups. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method used to detect the bone marrow PHOX2B gene was able to find bone/bone marrow metastases (P=0.024, κ=0.282), while the flow cytometry (FCM) assay method was not statistically significant (P=0.417, κ=0.065). Conclusions: 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT, which relies on the semiquantitative assessment of the SIOPEN score, is of clinical importance in the management of pediatric NB. MRD detection can be used to detect early metastasis and recurrence in the bone or bone marrow; however, 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT has better diagnostic value. We intend to conduct further investigations on their prognostic value in the future.

Hepatic Angiosarcoma With Diffuse Increased 18 F-FDG Uptake on PET/CT.

ABSTRACT: A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with fulminant hepatic failure based on laboratory indexes. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated numerous, widespread lesions in all segments of the liver. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed the abundant foci of increased 18 F-FDG uptake in the enlarged liver. The liver transplantation was performed due to fulminant hepatic failure. Postoperative pathology demonstrated diffused hepatic angiosarcoma, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse 18 F-FDG uptake hepatic lesions on PET/CT.

The prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity in pretreatment neuroblastoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common tumour in children younger than 5 years old and notable for highly heterogeneous. Our aim was to quantify the intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity of primary tumour lesions by using 18F-FDG PET/CT and evaluate the prognostic value of intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity in NB patients. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 38 pretreatment NB patients in our study. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were reviewed and analyzed using 3D slicer software. The semi-quantitative metabolic parameters of primary tumour were measured, including the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). The areas under the curve of cumulative SUV-volume histogram index (AUC-CSH index) was used to quantify intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity. The median follow-up was 21.3 months (range 3.6 - 33.4 months). The outcome endpoint was event-free survival (EFS), including progression-free survival and overall survival. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression models and Kaplan Meier survival plots. RESULTS: In all 38 newly diagnosed NB patients, 2 patients died, and 17 patients experienced a relapse. The AUC-CSHtotal (r=0.630, P<0.001) showed moderate correlation with the AUC-CSH40%. In univariate analysis, chromosome 11q deletion (P=0.033), Children's Oncology Group (COG) risk grouping (P=0.009), bone marrow involvement (BMI, P=0.015), and AUC-CSHtotal (P=0.007) were associated with EFS. The AUC-CSHtotal (P=0.036) and BMI (P=0.045) remained significant in multivariate analysis. The Kaplan Meier survival analyses demonstrated that patients with higher intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity and BMI had worse outcomes (log-rank P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity of primary lesions in NB was an independent prognostic factor for EFS. The combined predictive effect of intra-tumoural metabolic heterogeneity and BMI provided prognostic survival information in NB patients.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Quantitative Analysis of Ethanol Drop-Coating Silver Nanocubes on Gold Film.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been a sensitive tool for the accurate detection and analysis of a wide range of molecules. In the present study, a simple and repeatable approach is developed for the fabrication of a silver nanocubes/polyelectrolyte/gold film (Ag nanocubes/PE/Au film) sandwich structure as SERS substrate. An ethanol-water mixture, instead of pure water, is used as solvent to reduce the coffee ring effect by the drop coating deposition method, such that Ag nanocubes are distributed evenly on the gold film surface with polyelectrolyte as the middle layer. In 15 repeated measurements of a 10-7 M rhodamine 6G solution, the intensity of the Raman peak at 609 cm-1 exhibits a relative standard deviation less than 20%. Significantly, the sandwich substrate exhibits excellent point-to-point repeatability and sample to sample reproducibility, and may be used for real-life quantitative analysis, as demonstrated by the rapid diagnosis of dual analytes of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet.

Quantitative investigation of the poly-adenine DNA dissociation from the surface of gold nanoparticles.

In recent years, poly adenine (polyA) DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) free of modifications was fabricated with high density of DNA attachment and high hybridization ability similar to those of its thiolated counterpart. This nanoconjugate utilized poly adenine as an anchoring block for binding with the AuNPs surface thereby facilitated the appended recognition block a better upright conformation for hybridization, demonstrating its great potential to be a tunable plasmonic biosensor. It's one of the key points for any of the practical applications to maintaining stable conjugation between DNA oligonucleotides and gold nanoparticles under various experimental treatments. Thus, in this research, we designed a simple but sensitive fluorescence turn-on strategy to systematically investigate and quantified the dissociation of polyA DNA on gold nanoparticles in diverse experimental conditions. DNA desorbed spontaneously as a function of elevated temperature, ion strength, buffer pH, organic solvents and keeping time. What's more, evaluating this conjugate stability as affected by the length of its polyA anchor was another crucial aspect in our study. With the improved understanding from these results, we were able to control some of our experimental conditions to maintain a good stability of this kind of polyA DNA-AuNPs nanoconjugates.