Effect of dietary selenium intake on CVD: a retrospective cohort study based on China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the association between dietary Se intake and CVD risk in Chinese adults. DESIGN: This prospective cohort study included adults above 20 years old in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and they were followed up from 1997 to 2015 (n 16 030). Dietary data were retrieved from CHNS, and a 3-d, 24-h recall of food intake was used to assess the cumulative average intake of dietary Se, which was divided into quartiles. The Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to analyse the association between dietary Se intake and incident CVD risk. SETTING: CHNS (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2015). RESULTS: A total of 663 respondents developed CVD after being followed up for a mean of 9·9 years (median 9 years). The incidence of CVD was 4·3, 3·7, 4·6 and 4·0 per 1000 person-years across the quartiles of cumulative Se intake. After adjusting all potential factors, no significant associations were found between cumulative Se intake and CVD risk. No interactions were found between Se intake and income, urbanisation, sex, region, weight, hypertension and CVD risk. CONCLUSION: We found no association between dietary Se and CVD.

Association between Selenium Intake and Optimal Sleep Duration: A National Longitudinal Study.

Inconsistent findings have been discovered in studies examining the link between dietary selenium (Se) and sleep. Data were obtained from 17,176 people aged 20 and over who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2004 to 2011. Face-to-face interviews were used to measure sleep duration in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011. To track dietary Se consumption, a 3-day, 24-h recall was undertaken. In the analysis, multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was employed. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of optimal sleep duration (7-9 h/day) in the regression of Model 4 were 1.00, 1.01 (0.89-1.15) and 1.19 (1.02-1.38) for the three tertiles of selenium consumption, respectively. Only overweight patients displayed a substantial positive connection between Se intake and the optimal sleep duration in the subgroup analysis. In summary, Se intake was significantly associated with optimal sleep duration.

Modality-based attention and dual-stream multiple instance convolutional neural network for predicting microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background and purpose: The presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) is a crucial indicator of postoperative recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Detecting MVI before surgery can improve personalized surgical planning and enhance patient survival. However, existing automatic diagnosis methods for MVI have certain limitations. Some methods only analyze information from a single slice and overlook the context of the entire lesion, while others require high computational resources to process the entire tumor with a three-dimension (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN), which could be challenging to train. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a modality-based attention and dual-stream multiple instance learning(MIL) CNN. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 283 patients with histologically confirmed HCC who underwent surgical resection between April 2017 and September 2019 were included. Five magnetic resonance (MR) modalities including T2-weighted, arterial phase, venous phase, delay phase and apparent diffusion coefficient images were used in image acquisition of each patient. Firstly, Each two-dimension (2D) slice of HCC magnetic resonance image (MRI) was converted into an instance embedding. Secondly, modality attention module was designed to emulates the decision-making process of doctors and helped the model to focus on the important MRI sequences. Thirdly, instance embeddings of 3D scans were aggregated into a bag embedding by a dual-stream MIL aggregator, in which the critical slices were given greater consideration. The dataset was split into a training set and a testing set in a 4:1 ratio, and model performance was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. Results: Using the proposed method, the prediction of MVI achieved an accuracy of 76.43% and an AUC of 74.22%, significantly surpassing the performance of the baseline methods. Conclusion: Our modality-based attention and dual-stream MIL CNN can achieve outstanding results for MVI prediction.

FDG PET/CT in a Case With Cellular Schwannoma of the Kidney.

ABSTRACT: Schwannoma of the kidney is exceedingly rare. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case with renal cellular schwannoma. Contrast-enhanced CT showed the enhancing tumor was located in the anterior middle portion of the left kidney, encasing the renal vessels and compressing the renal pelvis. The tumor showed inhomogeneous FDG uptake with SUV max of 8.6 mimicking renal cell carcinoma. This case indicates renal schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of FDG-avid renal lesions.

FDG-Avid Sclerosing Adenosis of the Breast Mimicking Malignancy.

ABSTRACT: Sclerosing adenosis is a common benign proliferative disorder of the breast. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of sclerosing adenosis showing focal intense FDG uptake mimicking malignancy. This case indicates that sclerosing adenosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of focal breast FDG accumulation along with malignant and nonmalignant conditions.

FDG PET/CT in a Case of Diffuse Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Esophageal cancer usually shows focal intense FDG uptake on FDG PET. Diffuse FDG uptake pattern of the esophageal cancer has been rarely reported. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma showing diffusely intense FDG uptake mimicking esophagitis.

FDG PET/CT in Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Lumbar Facet Joint.

ABSTRACT: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor rarely affects the facet joints of the spine. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of tenosynovial giant cell tumor arising from the left L2 to L3 facet joint. The tumor caused osteolytic bone destruction of the facet joint and showed intense FDG uptake with SUVmax of 10.4. This case indicates tenosynovial giant cell tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of abnormal facet joint FDG accumulation.

FDG PET/CT in Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerating Stenosing Enteropathy.

ABSTRACT: Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteropathy (CMUSE) is a rare and exclusive small intestine disease, characterized by repeated anemia or obstruction resulting from multiple shallow ulcers with strictures in the small intestine. We present a case of CMUSE showing multiple foci of activity in the small bowel on FDG PET/CT. This case indicates that CMUSE should be included in the differential diagnosis of multifocal FDG activity in the small bowel along with lymphoma, carcinoma, tuberculosis, Crohn disease, Behçet disease, and drug-induced enteropathy.

Association Between Nutrition Literacy and Overweight/Obesity of Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.

Objective: The burden of overweight and obesity in adolescents is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to assess the association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity among adolescents in China. Methods: This cross-sectional online study involving adolescents aged 10-18 years was conducted in September 2020 in 239 schools in Chongqing China. Overweight and obese adolescents were determined based on the International Obesity Task Force's recommended age-sex specific body mass index cutoff points. Nutrition literacy was measured using the "Nutrition literacy scale for middle school students in Chongqing (CM-NLS)." The CM-NLS included three subdomains (functional nutritional literacy, interactive nutrition literacy, and critical nutrition literacy). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the association. Results: A total of 18,176 adolescents (49.8% girls) were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.6% and 17.0%, respectively. Compared with those having a low nutrition literacy score (below median), those with a high score were less likely to be overweight and obese. The odds ratio (95% CI) for overweight was 0.87 (0.79-0.97) (nutrition literacy) and 0.81 (0.73-0.90) (functional nutritional literacy). The corresponding figures for obesity were 0.84 (0.77-0.91) and 0.73 (0.67-0.80), respectively. Significant interaction existed between grade and nutrition literacy. The inverse association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity was significant among those in senior school but not among those in junior high school. Conclusion: Nutrition literacy was inversely associated with overweight/obesity among adolescents, especially those attending senior high schools.

Development of Nutrition Literacy Scale for Middle School Students in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Information on nutrition literacy of middle schoolers is limited and tools for measuring nutrition literacy of middle schoolers are inadequate. Nutrition literacy has a positive effect on health. Improving children's nutrition literacy can help them to master the necessary nutritional knowledge, develop a healthy lifestyle, and learn to supplement nutrition according to their own needs for healthy growth. Objectives: To develop the Chongqing Middle school student Nutrition Literacy Scale (CM-NLS). Methods: Three experiments were conducted. A theoretical framework and an initial item pool of CM-NLS were established based on the literature review. And the two-round Delphi method was used to explore the suitable acceptance indicators and items. Item evaluation and reduction were performed using the classical test theory. Then, the items in the final CM-NLS were tested for their validity and reliability amongst 462 middle school students. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results: The final CM-NLS consisting of 52 items that were based on three primary items (functional, interactive and critical) and six sub-items (obtain, understand, apply, interact, medial literacy and critical skill) was developed and validated. EFA suggested six factors explaining 69.44% of the total variance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.916, Bartlett's test χ2 = 5,854.037, P < 0.001). CFA showed that the model fit the data adequately, with χ2/df = 1.911, root mean square error of approximation = 0.063, goodness-of-fit index = 0.822 and adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.790. The total CM-NLS Cronbach's alpha values of internal consistency and split-half reliability were 0.849 and 0.521, respectively, with reasonable reliability. Conclusions: CM-NLS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nutrition literacy among middle school students in Chongqing. Specifically, it could be used by practitioners for needs assessment before the implementation of a nutrition education program.

Nutrition Literacy of Middle School Students and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.

Nutrition literacy plays an important role in children's dietary habits and nutrition. This study aimed to analyse the status of nutrition literacy and its influencing factors amongst middle school students in Chongqing, China. "Nutrition literacy scale for middle school students in Chongqing" was used in 29 districts of Chongqing in September 2020. The scores of nutrition literacy and its' three sub-domains (functional, interactive and critical nutrition literacy) were divided into low and high groups based on their median scores. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the influencing factors of nutrition literacy. A total of 18,660 middle school students were included in this study. The median of nutrition literacy of middle school students was 61.68 (IQR = 14.37). Interactive nutrition literacy had the highest score (median = 70.00, IQR = 20.00), followed by functional nutrition literacy (median = 68.69, IQR = 14.14) and critical nutrition literacy (median = 45.83, IQR = 25.00). Students who were the minority (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.637-0.785), in senior high school (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.477-0.548), in rural areas (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.790-0.911), receiving school meal support from the government (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.591-0.664), with other caregivers' parenting (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.805-0.914), with parents having a low level of education and with an abnormal BMI [thin (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.837-0.990), overweight (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.785-0.968), and obese (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.767-0.902)] presented less probability of being a high level of nutrition literacy. Our results could assist public health authorities in developing strategies of nutrition literacy promotion for references and theoretical foundations.

Association between modes of delivery and postpartum dietary patterns: A cross-sectional study in Northwest China.

Objective: Puerperae' dietary patterns (DPs) during the puerperium may be influenced by the mode of delivery, but population studies on this topic are scarce. This study aims to explore the relationship between DPs and different modes of delivery among puerperae. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,345 parturients in Lanzhou, China. The postpartum food intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to determine the DPs. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the association between the mode of delivery and DP. Results: In this study, two DPs, i.e., traditional and modern DPs, were identified. Traditional DP was characterized by high energy-adjusted intake of tubers, coarse cereals, rice, whole grains, fishery products, and eggs. Modern DP included a high intake of coffee, non-sugary drinks, wine, tea, and fishery products. Compared with participants with vaginal delivery (reference category), cesarean section had an inverse association with modern DP (ß: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.09). A significant interaction was found between education level, monthly household income, alcohol drinking, and modes of delivery. The inverse association between cesarean section and modern DP or the intake of coffee was significant among puerperae with higher or lower monthly household income. However, the inverse association between cesarean section and traditional DP was only found among puerperae with higher monthly household income. Moreover, among the participants with high education, cesarean section was positively associated with intake of vegetables. Conclusion: Cesarean puerperae with higher levels of education and those with lower and higher monthly household income had less unhealthy foods intake than those who had vaginal delivery. They need to be accounted for in educational programs and interventions focused on healthy diet recommendations in puerperium.

Intra-discal vancomycin-loaded PLGA microsphere injection for MRSA discitis: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare the vancomycin hydrochloride (VA)-loaded poly lactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) copolymer microsphere by the multiple emulsion method and evaluate its therapeutic effects on infective discitis. METHODS: Firstly, the particle diameter distribution, shape, encapsulation efficiency, drug-loaded dosage and release curve of VA-PLGA microspheres were evaluated in vitro. Rabbits with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infective discitis were treated with VA-PLGA intra-discal injection. Meanwhile, VA intravenous injection, blank PLGA microspheres intra-discal injection served as controls. Thirty days later, therapeutic effects were evaluated through X-ray radiophotography, histopathological and bacteriological examination. RESULTS: Mean particle diameter was between 61.57 ± 4.37 and 67.45 ± 8.13 µm, and mean encapsulation efficiency was between 60.20 ± 1.61 and 75.27 ± 1.60 %m/m. In vitro release experiment showed that the release time was over 30 days. The result of in vivo experiment showed that inflammatory reaction in the VA-PLGA intra-discal injection group was milder than the intravenous injection group (P < 0.05), also with less inflammation. The bacterial count was also significantly lower (1.02 × 10(3) ± 1.22 × 10(3) CFU/g) than the intravenous injection group (7.51 × 10(4) ± 7.16 × 10(4) CFU/g) (P < 0.05). Besides these data, the amount used in VA-PLGA intra-discal injection group is about 20 mg, and that used in the intravenous injection group is about 2.4 g. So, we just use 1/120 of VA i.v. to obtain the better results with our microparticles. CONCLUSION: Intra-discal injection with VA-PLGA sustained-release microspheres can use much less dosage, and effectively control and reduce infective discitis, and the therapeutic effect is superior to that of intravenous injection. A need for the clinical trials will be carried out in the near future.

FDG PET/CT in 3 Cases of Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Associated With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.

ABSTRACT: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is a rare dural inflammatory disorder. We describe MRI and FDG PET/CT findings in 3 cases of hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Enhanced brain MRI of the 3 cases showed linear enhancement of the thickened dura matter involving the skull base, tentorium, and/or convexity. On FDG PET/CT, the thickened dura matter showed diffusely increased FDG uptake with SUVmax ranging from 5.8 to 11.3. Familiarity with these MRI and FDG PET/CT findings is helpful for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Preliminary comparison of tumor biologic factors in breast carcinomas from Australian and Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the morphologic and immunohistochemical properties of breast carcinomas from Chinese and Australian women in order to define possible biologic differences between these carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred cases of breast carcinomas were assessed for histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics from the pathology archives of the Changhai and St. Vincent's Hospitals. RESULTS: The Chinese women had proportionally more grade 2 and 3 tumors, whereas Australian women had a higher proportion of grade 1 tumor. There was a higher proportion of younger patients with a larger tumor and patients with lymph node involvement in the Chinese group as compared with Australian women. There was no difference in rate of estrogen receptor positive tumors between the 2 groups. p53 Expression was statistically more common with less cyclin D1 expression in Chinese as compared with Australian women. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that both inherent tumor biology and stage at presentation influence adversely affect the outcome of breast carcinoma in Chinese compared as with Australian women.