Paraphimosis Pain Treatment with Nebulized Ketamine in the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND: Paraphimosis is an acute urological emergency occurring in uncircumcised males that can lead to strangulation of the glans and painful vascular compromise. Ketamine has been used in the emergency department (ED) as an anesthetic agent for procedural sedation, and when administrated in a sub-dissociative dose (low dose) at 0.1-0.3 mg/kg, ketamine has been utilized in the ED and prehospital settings for pain control as an adjunct and as an alternative to opioid, as well as for preprocedural sedation. This report details the case of a pediatric patient who presented to our Pediatric ED with paraphimosis and had his procedural pain treated with ketamine administrated via a breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN). CASE REPORT: This case report illustrates the potential use of ketamine via BAN to effectively achieve minimal sedation for a procedure in pediatric patients in the ED. The patient was a 15-year-old boy admitted to the Pediatric ED complaining of groin pain due to paraphimosis. The patient was given 0.75 mg/kg of nebulized ketamine via BAN, and 15 min after the medication administration the pain score was reduced from 5 to 1 on the numeric pain rating scale. The patient underwent a successful paraphimosis reduction without additional analgesic or sedative agents 20 min after the administration of nebulized ketamine. The patient was subsequently discharged home after 60 min of monitoring, with a pain score of 0. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: The use of nebulized ketamine via BAN might represent a viable, noninvasive way to provide a mild sedative and be an effective analgesic option for managing a variety of acute painful conditions and procedures in the pediatric ED.

Managing Reproduction Emergencies in the Field: Part 1: Injuries in Stallions; Injury of the External Portion of the Reproductive Tract and Gestational Conditions in the Mare.

Selected emergency conditions of male and female reproductive tracts in horses are described, including injuries affecting the external genitalia of male horses and emergent conditions arising during gestation in mares. Conditions affecting male horses are discussed in the context of breeding stallions, but kicks or other mechanisms of trauma in the groin can also affect geldings. Priapism, paraphimosis, trauma to the scrotum and testicles, and penile injury are discussed. In mares, traumatic vestibular injury, placentitis, hydropsic conditions, prepubic tendon and abdominal wall compromise, and uterine torsion are included. Clinical recognition of the problem, diagnostic procedures, and treatments are summarized.

Comparison of outcomes for pediatric paraphimosis reduction using topical anesthetic versus intravenous procedural sedation.

BACKGROUND: Paraphimosis is an acute urologic emergency requiring urgent manual reduction, frequently necessitating procedural sedation (PS) in the pediatric population. The present study sought to compare outcomes among pediatric patients undergoing paraphimosis reduction using a novel topical anesthetic (TA) technique versus PS. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients <18years old, presenting to a tertiary pediatric ED requiring analgesia for paraphimosis reduction between October 2013 and September 2016. The primary outcome was reduction first attempt success; secondary outcomes included Emergency Department length of stay (ED LOS), adverse events and return visits. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square testing and multivariate linear regression was used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were included; 35 underwent reduction using TA, 11 by PS. Patient age and duration of paraphimosis at ED presentation did not differ between groups. There was no difference in first attempt success between TA (32/35, 91.4%) and PS groups (9/11, 81.8%; p=0.37). Mean ED LOS was 209min shorter for TA patients (148min vs. 357min, p=0.001) and remained significantly shorter after controlling for age and duration of paraphimosis (adjusted mean difference -198min, p=0.003). There were no return visits or major adverse events in either group, however, among successful reduction attempts, PS patients more frequently experienced minor adverse events (7/9 vs. 0/32, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Paraphimosis reduction using TA was safe and effective. Compared to PS, TA was associated with a reduced ED LOS and fewer adverse events. TA could potentially allow more timely reduction with improved patient experience and resource utilization.

Selective Histopathology Examination for Circumcision Specimens: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background Circumcision is a widely performed surgical procedure all over the globe. This can be for religious, cultural, or medical reasons. Routine histological examination of circumcision specimens is a standard practice in many healthcare systems, despite the relatively low incidence of premalignant or malignant lesions. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the necessity of routine histopathological examination of foreskin specimens following adult circumcision. Secondary objectives included determining the frequency of malignancy in these specimens, comparing malignancy rates between clinically suspicious and non-suspicious cases, and assessing the correlation between preoperative clinical suspicion and histopathological findings. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of routine histopathological evaluation for the foreskin after circumcision. We investigated the frequency of malignancy upon histopathological examination, in clinically suspicious cases compared to non-suspicious cases. Method A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Royal Bournemouth Hospital, analyzing data from 334 consecutive adult male patients who underwent circumcision between January 2012 and December 2016. The cohort was retrospectively divided into two groups: those with preoperative suspicious clinical features and those without it. Clinical records on electronic patient records (EPR) were used for follow-up and to identify the percentage of malignancy after final histopathological examinations in both groups. Results Among the 334 patients, only nine patients (2.7%) were deemed as having suspicious clinical features preoperatively, of which, only three (0.9% of the total study sample) showed malignancy upon histological examination. The other six patients in this group were found to have balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). The other 325 patients (97.3%) were without clinically suspicious lesions preoperatively, and none were found to have any malignant lesions upon histopathological examination. Conclusion The low incidence of malignancy in circumcision specimens indicates that routine histological examination may not be essential for all cases. Among 334 samples, only three (0.9%) were malignant, and all were clinically suspected. Routine histopathological examination of the remaining 331 cases did not impact management or follow-up. Selectively submitting specimens for histology based on clinical suspicion could reduce opportunity costs and time, optimize resource allocation, and maintain appropriate diagnostic evaluation.

First Case of Paraphimosis as a Severe Complication of Monkeypox.

Since May 2022, the monkeypox (MPX) virus has represented an emerging issue due to outbreaks in non-endemic areas. This report presents the first case of paraphimosis caused by an MPX infection during the outbreak. The patient accessed the emergency department for a sudden onset of swelling of the penis and paraphimosis caused by MPX lesions that brought about stenosis of the foreskin. He therefore underwent a dorsal slit procedure with resolution. No antiviral therapy was required. A multidisciplinary approach should be preferred for the management of MPX, due to the possibility of uncommon and disseminated presentations.

The "Wet Collar" Sign: A Case of Paraphimosis on CT.

Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency that requires prompt diagnosis to avoid potential morbidity. Diagnosis is made clinically and imaging findings have not been described. We will present the case of an 84-year-old man with a history of metastatic prostate cancer and prior pelvic external beam radiation therapy who presented to the emergency department with urinary retention. A urethral Foley catheter was placed for bladder decompression. He subsequently developed painful penile swelling and was found to have iatrogenic paraphimosis. Retrospective review of his contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis performed while in the emergency department before hospital admission revealed the relatively thickened, hypoattenuating prepuce located proximal to the corona of the glans penis, consistent with the clinical diagnosis. We will examine the imaging findings in this case and propose the novel "wet collar" sign to suggest the diagnosis of paraphimosis on CT.

Paraphimosis as a complication of monkeypox infection.

We discuss a case report of a 38-year-old uncircumcised male on pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus who presents to the emergency department for painful lesions over his penile region following unprotected sexual intercourse. Following the development of these lesions he developed painless, itchy pustules over his bilateral arms and back. He also had extensive pain and swelling over his penile region, which prevented him from unretracting his foreskin. Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and syphilis tests were negative. He was positive for orthopoxvirus using polymerase chain reaction. A diagnosis of paraphimosis as a complication of monkeypox infection was made.

Double scrotum? A rare ignored paraphimosis - Case report.

Paraphimosis is usually acute painful condition. Delay in medical attention might result in dreaded complications like gangrene and auto-amputation. Very rarely patient might present late with large painless paraphimosis as in our case just because it interrupts intromission despite satisfactory painless erection.

Long-term follow-up of penile glans necrosis due to paraphimosis.

INTRODUCTION: Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency in which the foreskin of the penis becomes trapped behind the coronal sulcus and forms a tight band of constricting tissue. Surgical or conservative release of this constriction is required for the treatment. Delayed treatment will cause devastating outcomes, such as penile glans necrosis. A few studies have reported penile glans necrosis/gangrene, but long-term follow-up of the recovery from glans necrosis due to paraphimosis has not been previously reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old man who experienced glans necrosis following paraphimosis was not treated promptly with circumcision. The patient underwent conservative treatment with debridement of necrotic tissue and cystostomy for urethral meatal necrosis. We were able to prevent partial penectomy. His penile glans was covered with healthy epithelium and retained its natural shape and voiding and erectile functions were normal 2 years after the treatment. CONCLUSION: We report successful conservative management of penile glans necrosis.

Penile Emergencies.

The penis is an organ of enormous importance and is vital for both excretory and reproductive function. The anatomy of the penis itself can lead to many of its emergent conditions and a thorough understanding of the anatomy and physiology is central to recognition of these conditions. Physicians should have a high clinical suspicion for penile emergencies and perform a thorough physical examination to make a proper diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and proper management are essential for minimizing dysfunction of this vital organ.

Urologic Emergencies.

Urologic emergencies can involve the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, penis, scrotum, or testicles. History and physical examination are essential to diagnosis, whereas imaging is increasingly used to confirm diagnoses. Acute urinary retention should be relieved with Foley placement. Penile emergencies include paraphimosis, which can be treated by foreskin reduction, whereas penile fracture and priapism require urologic intervention. Fournier gangrene and testicular torsion are scrotal emergencies requiring emergent surgery. Nephrolithiasis, although painful, is not an emergency unless there is concern for concomitant urinary tract infection, both ureters are obstructed by stones, or there is an obstructing stone in a solitary kidney.

Urologic Emergencies.

The diagnosis and management of urologic emergencies are incorporated into the basic training of all urology residents. In institutions without access to urologic services, it is usually left to the General Surgeon or Emergency Medicine physician to provide timely care. This article discusses diagnoses that are important to recognize and treatment that is practically meaningful for the non-Urologist to identify and treat. The non-Urology provider, after reading this article, will have a better understanding and a higher comfort level with treating patients with urologic emergencies.

Combined preputial advancement and phallopexy as a revision technique for treating paraphimosis in a dog.

A 7-year-old neutered male Jack Russell terrier-cross was presented for signs of recurrent paraphimosis, despite previous surgical enlargement of the preputial ostium. Revision surgery was performed using a combination of preputial advancement and phallopexy, which resulted in complete and permanent coverage of the glans penis by the prepuce, and at 1 year postoperatively, no recurrence of paraphimosis had been observed. The combined techniques allow preservation of the normal penile anatomy, are relatively simple to perform and provide a cosmetic result. We recommend this combination for the treatment of paraphimosis in the dog, particularly when other techniques have failed.

Surgical replacement of iatrogenically prolapsed penis in a dromedary camel.

Prolapse of the penis through an iatrogenic incision on the right side of the preputial base in a five year old dromedary camel was handled surgically and the organ was successfully replaced into the preputial cavity. The condition occurred as a result of draining an abscess at the base of the prepuce by a quack about eight months earlier. The reason to report this case lies in its peculiarity that although the penis remained outside the preputial cavity for about eight months exposed to the external environment, yet no complications pertaining to its fragile tissue and urination occurred during this long period as seen in cases of paraphimosis.

Un método práctico de reducción manual sin dolor para la parafimosis de larga evolución (2009- 2011) / A practical method of painless manual reduction without pain for the long course paraphimosis (2009- 2011)

Introducción: la parafimosis es frecuente en los servicios de urgencia. Su reducción precoz resulta fácil, pero si los niños asisten tardíamente, puede constituir un problema. Debido a los intentos de reducción infructuosos y dolorosos, estos pacientes sufren gran carga de tensión emocional. Objetivos: describir y mostrar la aplicación de un método práctico de reducción manual sin dolor, en pacientes con parafimosis de largo tiempo de evolución. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y descriptivo, de los pacientes tratados (n= 25), con diagnóstico de parafimosis de largo tiempo de evolución (+ 12 horas), en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2009 y junio de 2011. Se les aplicó un método fundamentado en el bloqueo anestésico anular subcutáneo en la base del pene, derivada de la inervación pudenda. Se seleccionaron variables como edad, causa externa desencadenante, tratamiento conservador inicial, tiempo de demora en asistir para la reducción, y complicaciones. Se procesó la información en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, dando como resultado pruebas de significación para su análisis estadístico. Resultados: la manipulación brusca del prepucio por la propia madre, condicionó esta complicación en el 68 porciento de los menores de 5 años. Tratamientos conservadores, motivaron una demora para su reducción significativa, en el 80 porciento de los casos. Conclusiones: este método es bien aceptado por el paciente, le brinda una solución sin dolor, y es de fácil aplicación en los servicios de urgencias. Se evitan procederes más cruentos como la fimotomía

Introduction: the paraphimosis is frequent in emergence services. Its early reduction is easy, but if children come late it may to be a serious problem. Due to the unsuccessful and painful attempts of reduction, these patients suffer a significant charge of emotional tension. Objectives: to describe and to show the implementation of a practical method of painless manual reduction in patients with a prolonged paraphimosis. Methods: a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was conducted in patients treated (25), diagnosed with paraphimosis of long term course (+ 12 hr) from January, 2009 to June, 2011. A method based in the subcutaneous annular anesthetic block was applied in the penis base derived of the pudendal innervation. The following variables were selected: age, triggering external cause, initial conservative treatment, to until reduction and complications. Information was processed in absolute frequency and percentages where the results were significant tests for its statistic analysis. Results: the sudden manipulation of prepuce by mother leads to this complication in the 68 percent of children aged under 5. The conservative treatments caused a significant delay for its reduction in the 80 percent of cases. Conclusions: this method is well accepted by patient giving him a painless solution and it is of easy application in emergence services. Procedures more painful like the phimotomy are avoided