Reproductive outcomes after hydatiform mole and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Gestational trophoblastic disease includes complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) or partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Given the very high-curability rate of trophoblastic disease, the risk of further molar pregnancy after CHM or PHM as well as the risk of second primary tumors and fertility compromise after chemotherapy for GTN represent major concerns. The incidence of subsequent molar pregnancy ranges from 0.7 to 2.6% after one CHM or PHM, and is approximately 10% after two previous CHMs. Among patients who have received chemotherapy, there is an increased risk of myeloid leukemia which is mainly related to the cumulative dose of etoposide. Resumption of normal menses occurs in approximately 95% of women treated with chemotherapy, but menopause occurs 3 years earlier compared with those non-treated with chemotherapy. Term live birth rates higher than 70% without increased risk of congenital abnormalities have been reported in these women, and pregnancy outcomes are comparable to those of general population, except a slightly increased risk of stillbirth. Fertility-sparing treatment for placental site trophoblastic tumor is a therapeutic option reserved to highly selected, young women who do not present markedly enlarged uterus or diffuse multifocal disease within the uterus.

Obstetrics outcomes after complete and partial molar pregnancy: Review of the literature and meta-analysis.

The hydatidiform mole is a rare gynecological disease rising from the trophoblastic. Post-molar pregnancies have an extremely variable course, varying from repeated abortions, stillbirths, preterm births, live births, or recurring in further molar pregnancies. Literature on obstetric outcomes following molar pregnancy is poor, often including monocentric studies, and with data collected from national databases. This review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the obstetric outcomes after conservative management of complete (CHM) and partial (PHM) molar pregnancies. The meta-analysis was performed following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement (PRISMA). Six studies met the inclusion. Of the total 25,222 patients, 13,129 complete (52.1 %) and 12,093 partial (47.9 %) molar pregnancies were included. Live births rate after CHM was statistically higher (p = 0.002) compared to the live births after PHM (53.6 % vs. 51.0 %, 3266 vs. 1807 cases, respectively). Studies showed heterogeneity I2 = 57.7 %, pooled proportion = 0.2 %, and 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 0.6 to 0.9. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for ectopic pregnancies (p = 0.633), miscarriage (p = 0.637), preterm birth (p = 0.865), stillbirth (p = 0.911), termination of pregnancy (p = 0.572), and complete molar recurrence (p = 0.580) after CHM and PHM. Partial molar recurrence occurred more frequently after PHM than CHM (0.4 % vs. 0.3 %, 52 vs. 37 cases, respectively, p = 0.002). Careful counseling on the obstetric subsequent pregnancies outcomes should be provided to patients eager for further pregnancy and further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Embarazo molar cervical: diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico con legrado uterino y ligadura de arterias cervicales / Cervical molar pregnancy: diagnosis and surgical treatment with uterine curettage and cervical arteries ligation

Resumen Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 28 años con atraso menstrual de 14 días, diagnosticada en el servicio de urgencia obstétrica del Hospital Félix Bulnes con un embarazo ectópico cervical mediante ultrasonido, en contexto de metrorragia grave. El tratamiento consistió en legrado uterino segmentario más ligadura de arterias cervicales. El estudio histopatológico reveló una mola hidatiforme parcial en el producto del curetaje. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin requerir más intervenciones. Este caso da cuenta del exitoso manejo de un embarazo cervical con tratamiento quirúrgico, dando una oportunidad de preservar la fertilidad de la paciente.

Abstract We are reporting the case of a 28-year-old woman with 14-day menstrual delay diagnosed, in the obstetric emergency department of Félix Bulnes Hospital, with a cervical pregnancy through ultrasound, in the context of severe metrorrhagia. The treatment consisted in uterine curettage and ligation of cervical arteries. A histopathological study revealed a partial hydatidiform mole in the curettage product. The patient evolved favorably without other interventions. This case its an example of the successful management of a cervical pregnancy with surgical treatment, giving a chance of preserving the fertility of the patient.

Embarazo molar de 25 semanas con feto vivo: reporte de autopsia / Molar pregnancy with 25-week fetus

Antecedentes: La mola hidatidiforme (MH) se caracteriza por la degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales, hiperplasia del trofoblasto y se clasifica en completa (MC) y parcial (MP), y difieren en su cariotipo, histopatología, clínica y riesgo de malignidad. Constituye el 1% de las pérdidas fetales en menores de 17 semanas. El objetivo de esta comunicación es exponer un caso de MP con feto de 25 semanas, al cual se le realizó autopsia en el 2014. Caso clínico: Primigesta de 21 años con pobre control prenatal y embarazo de 25 semanas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia y óbito fetal de sexo masculino de 615 g, al que se le solicitó autopsia demostrándose malformaciones múltiples con agenesia del cuerpo calloso, hidrocefalia supratentorial, hipoplasia cerebelosa, meningocele sacro, micropene, hipospadias y retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, la placenta de 750 g demostró hallazgos de enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional de tipo MP. Discusión: La MP presenta vellosidades coriónicas con hiperplasia trofoblástica y feto que tiende a fallecer en una temprana edad gestacional. El feto puede presentar anomalías congénitas secundarias a la aneuploidia y la distinción se basa en histopatología de la placenta, en casos difíciles se emplea citogenética o citometría de flujo. En el presente caso se encontraron características placentarias (degeneración hidrópica vellositaria, inclusiones e hiperplasia trofoblástica) y las malformaciones fetales relacionadas. Conclusión: El estudio histopatológico de la placenta y del producto de la gestación permiten el diagnóstico definitivo para poder determinar el seguimiento de la paciente y disminuir así las complicaciones.

Background: Hydatidiform moles (HM) are characterized by hydropic degeneration of chorionic villi, hyperplasia of the trophoblast and is classified in complete (CM) and partial (PM), and they are different in their karyotype, histopathology, clinical and risk of malignancy. It constitutes 1% of abortion in under 17 weeks. The purpose of this communication is to present a case of PM with 25-week fetus, which fetal autopsy in 2014. Clinical case: Primigravid of 21 years old, with a pregnancy of 25 weeks diagnosed with preeclampsia and stillbirth of 615 g, autopsy demonstrating multiple malformations with agenesis of corpus callosum, hydrocephalus, hypoplasia of the cerebellum, myeloschisis in the sacral region, micropenis, hypospadias and intrauterine growth retardation, the placenta (750 g) has findings of gestational trophoblastic disease type PM. Discussion: The PM has villous tissue with trophoblastic proliferation and fetus tends to die at an early gestational age. The fetus has congenital abnormalities because the aneuploidy, diagnoses is based on histopathology of the placenta, in difficult cases cytogenetic or flow cytometry is used. In this case, placental characteristics (hydropic villus, trophoblastic proliferation and "pseudoinclusions") and related fetal malformations were found. Conclusion: The histopathological study of the placenta and the fetus allow a definitive diagnosis to determine the monitoring of the patient and thus reduce complications.

Mola hidatidiforme parcial con feto vivo del segundo trimestre / Partial hydatiform mole with live fetus in the second trimester

La mola hidatidiforme es un embarazo que se caracteriza por una degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales y habitualmente la ausencia del feto. La mola parcial se caracteriza por ser resultado de una triploidía diádrica y por la presencia de cambios hidatiformes progresivos lentos con capilares vellosos funcionantes, que afectan solamente a algunas de las vellosidades; se asocia con un feto o embrión anormal identifcable (vivo o muerto), membranas o eritrocitos fetales. Se analiza un caso de mola parcial con feto de 18 semanas.

Hydatidiform mole is a pregnancy that is characterized by hydropic degeneration of placental villi and usually the absence of fetus. The partial mole is characterized as a result of triploidy diandrica and the presence of slow progressive changes with hydatidiform villous capillaries functioning that affect only some of the villi, in addition to being associated with an identifable abnormal fetus or embryo (dead or alive), fetal membranes or erythrocytes. We analyze a case of partial hydatidiform mole with a fetus of 18 weeks.