RESUMO
Natural killer (NK) cells are present in large populations at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. However, the role of NK cells in fetal growth is unclear. Here, we have identified a CD49a+Eomes+ subset of NK cells that secreted growth-promoting factors (GPFs), including pleiotrophin and osteoglycin, in both humans and mice. The crosstalk between HLA-G and ILT2 served as a stimulus for GPF-secreting function of this NK cell subset. Decreases in this GPF-secreting NK cell subset impaired fetal development, resulting in fetal growth restriction. The transcription factor Nfil3, but not T-bet, affected the function and the number of this decidual NK cell subset. Adoptive transfer of induced CD49a+Eomes+ NK cells reversed impaired fetal growth and rebuilt an appropriate local microenvironment. These findings reveal properties of NK cells in promoting fetal growth. In addition, this research proposes approaches for therapeutic administration of NK cells in order to reverse restricted nourishments within the uterine microenvironment during early pregnancy.
Assuntos
Aborto Habitual/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Fetal/imunologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/transplante , Aborto Habitual/genética , Aborto Habitual/patologia , Adulto , Animais , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/imunologia , Microambiente Celular , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Decídua/imunologia , Decídua/patologia , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/genética , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/imunologia , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/patologia , Feto , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Humanos , Integrina alfa1/genética , Integrina alfa1/imunologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Receptor B1 de Leucócitos Semelhante a Imunoglobulina/genética , Receptor B1 de Leucócitos Semelhante a Imunoglobulina/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Gravidez , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas com Domínio T/genética , Proteínas com Domínio T/imunologiaRESUMO
El embarazo tardío se refiere a la gestación que ocurre en el grupo de edad de 35 años o más. La resiliencia se define como la capacidad que un determinado sujeto o grupo tiene para pasar por una situación adversa, conseguir superarla y fortalecerse con ella. Se tuvo como objetivo general evaluar la resiliencia en gestantes tardías del municipio de Natal-RN. Investigación correlacional de corte transversal realizada con 150 gestantes tardías en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: un Cuestionario estructurado y la Escala de Resiliencia. La mayoría de las gestantes presentó bajos ingresos y bajo nivel educativo, una media de edad por debajo de los 40 años, ademas la mayor parte de ellas no planeó el embarazo. La mayoría de las participantes obtuvo entre 126 y 175 puntos en la escala de resiliencia, lo que indica un grado elevado en este constructo. Sin embargo, solamente la variable de estado civíl presentó en la correlación de Pearson un valor negativo, con la variable de resiliencia.
Late-aged pregnancy occurs in the age of 35 or above. Resilience is characterized by the capacity of an individual or group to go through an adverse situation, to overcome it and become stronger, turning it into a stimulus for its or their biopsychosocial development. The general aim was to evaluate resilience amongst late- aged pregnant women from the municipality of Natal-RN. This is a descriptive and transversal cut's correlational research conducted along with 150 late-aged pregnant women in Basic Health Units. The instruments used were: a Structured Questionnare and the Resilience Scale. Most of the pregnant women showed low income and educational level, they had an age average below the 40's; besides that, most of them hadn't planned their pregnancy. Most of the participants had something between 126 and 175 points in the resilience scale which is an elevated indicator of highly degree in this area. Nevertheless, only the marital status presented a Pearson Correlation of the negative type, with a variable resilience.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate how advanced maternal age influences lifestyle, nutrient intake, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. The subjects of this study were 112 pregnant women who were receiving prenatal care at gynecologists located in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their ages: those over age 35 were the advanced age group of pregnant women (AP) and those under age 35 were the young age group of pregnant women (YP). General factors, nutrient intakes, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were then compared. It was found that 72.5% of the YP group and 51.2% of the AP group had pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking experience; indicating that the YP group had more pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption than the AP group (P < 0.05). The only difference found in nutrient intake between the two groups was their niacin intakes which were 16.83 ± 8.20 mg/day and 13.76 ± 5.28 mg/day, respectively. When gestational age was shorter than 38.7 weeks, the average infant birth weight was 2.95 ± 0.08 kg, and when gestational age was longer than 40 weeks, it averaged at about 3.42 ± 0.08 kg. In other words, as gestational age increased, infant birth weight increased (P < 0.0001), and when maternal weight increased more than 15 kg, the infant birth weight increased significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in order to secure healthy human resources, with respect to advanced aged women, it is necessary to intervene by promoting daily habits that consist of strategic increases in folate and calcium intake along with appropriate amounts of exercise.