Molusco contagioso: actualización y casos clínicos / Molluscum contagiosum: an update and clinical cases

El molusco contagioso es una patología viral benigna muy frecuente, exclusiva del ser humano, y causada por un virus no clasificado del grupo de los Poxvirus. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad inclu-yen lesiones en la piel, que pueden variar desde una pequeña pápula a un nódulo de mayor tamaño, pre-sentándose en forma solitaria o múltiple, dependien-do del estado inmunitario del paciente y del tiempo de evolución del proceso morboso. El estudio histo-patológico es importante para el diagnóstico, aunque en numerosas ocasiones éste se define clínicamen-te. Además del patrón histológico tradicional, y más frecuente, que exhibe hiperplasia e hipertrofia de la epidermis, se han descripto variantes poco usuales, cuyas características dependen, entre otros factores, de la sobreinfección y de la respuesta inmunitaria del paciente. En este trabajo se describen los rasgos ge-nerales del molusco contagioso y luego se presentan varios casos clínicos, uno de los cuales exhibe ma-nifestación inusual en la semimucosa del labio. Por último, se realizan comentarios referentes a la im-portancia que tiene para el odontólogo conocer esta patología y estar capacitado para detectarla, de modo de evitar sus complicaciones y su diseminación (AU)

Molluscum contagiosum is a very common benign viral pathologythat affects exclusively humans and is caused by an unclassified virus of the Poxvirus family. Clinical manifestations include skin lesions such as papule or nodule, which may range from a small papule to a larger nodule, presenting either solitary or multiple, depending on the immune status of the patient and the time of evolution of the morbid process. Histopathological study is important for the diagnosis, although in numerous occasions it is defined clinically. Classical and more frequent histology pattern exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epidermis; however, distinct characteristics may occur depending on factors like superinfection and immune response of patients. This article describes general aspects of molluscum contagiosum and exposes several clinical cases, one of which exhibits an unusual manifestation in the semimucosa of the lip. Finally, comments are made regarding the importance for dentists to learn about the existence of this pathology and be able to recognize it in order to avoid its complications and spread (AU)

Dermatosis específicas de la embarazada (DEE). Propuesta de nueva clasificación / Pregnant specific dermatoses (DEE). Proposal for a new classification

En el presente trabajo se realiza una breve descripción de las dermatosis específicas de la embarazada (DEE). Se considera que la afección específica más frecuente son las pápulas y placas urticarianas pruriginosas del embarazo (PPUPE), y en segundo lugar los prurigos vinculados del embarazo (PVE). Se aporta una propuesta de nueva clasificación de las dermatosis específicas de la embarazada (DEE). En la clasificación se consideran dos grupos de afecciones. Grupo A: dermatosis específicas de la embarazada (DEE), y dentro de él: a) como enfermedad más frecuente las pápulas y placas urticarianas pruriginosas del embarazo (PPUPE); b) seguidas de los prurigos, tanto sea el precoz como el tardío, a los cuales se los une bajo el término de prurigos vinculados del embarazo (PVE) como entidad también frecuente c) la foliculitis pruriginosa del embarazo (FPE). Como afecciones menos frecuentes dentro de este grupo: a) dermatitis papulosa de Spangler (DPS); b) erupción toxémica del embarazo (ETE); c) herpes gestationis (HG); d) impétigo herpetiforme (IH). Grupo B: afección específica de la embarazada sin lesiones en piel: colestasis intrahepática del embarazo (CIE). (AU)

In the present work, a brief description of the specific dermatoses of the pregnant woman (DEE) is made. The most common specific condition is considered to be pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PPUPE), and secondly, prurigos associated with pregnancy (PVE). A proposal for a new classification of pregnant-specific dermatoses (DEE) is provided. Two groups of conditions are considered in the classification. Group A: pregnant-specific dermatosis (EED), and within it: a) as the most frequent disease, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PPUPE); b) followed by prurigos, both early and late, to which they are associated under the term of linked prurigos of pregnancy (PVE); as also frequent entity; c) the pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy (FPE). As less frequent conditions within this group: a) Spangler's papular dermatitis (DPS); b) toxic eruption of pregnancy (TEE); c) herpes gestationis (HG); d) impetigo herpetiformis (IH). Group B: specific condition of the pregnant woman without skin lesions: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICD). (AU)

Lichen myxedematosus: a rare group of cutaneous mucinosis

Abstract: Cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogeneous group of dermatoses in which excess deposition of mucin in the dermis gives the skin a waxy appearance, with papules and plaques that can vary from self-healing mucinosis to even disrupting the normal shape of a patient's face, conferring a leonine facies, or be part of life threatening diseases like scleromyxedema. This review will describe the most recent classification on lichen myxedematosus in the generalized (scleromyxedema) and the localized forms, as well as the different organ systems involved in scleromyxedema, diagnostic workup, current management, and prognosis.

Prevalence of dermatoses in patients referred for evaluation in an outpatient clinic of specialties

Abstract: Background: Brazilian Unified Health System presents a long waiting period for a dermatology appointment, varying from 34 to 239 days. Objectives: Analyze the prevalence of cutaneous diseases evaluated by dermatologists in a specialized center, in patients referred from the primary care, and to present possible interventions for the primary units. Methods: Retrospective analyses of the International Codes of Diseases (ICD-10) described in every dermatology appointment in a specialty center in Sao Paulo from January 2014 to August 2015. Results: A total of 7.350 consultations were included. Superficial mycosis corresponded to 1,058 (14.4%) of the main complaints and dermatophytosis was the most frequently used ICD, corresponding to 481 individual consultations (6.5%), followed by onychomycosis, responsible for 464 consultations (6.3%), acne in 347 (4,7%). and contact dermatitis in 311 consultations (4,2%). Study limitations: The study was based on retrospective analysis of ICD described and no previous orientation for a solid use of the codes was performed to the dermatology team; consultations in which the ICD was not informed or a non-especific ICD was used were excluded; different dermatologists were responsible for the consultations. Conclusion: Superficial mycosis corresponded to 14.4% of the chief complaints in the studied period and was the most frequent cause of reference from primary care doctors to dermatologists. Prevalence data obtained in the present study could assist the capacitation policies in the primary care system, focusing the dermatology teaching in the most prevalent dermatological disorders.

Profile of dermatological consultations in Brazil (2018)

Abstract: Background: Dermatological diseases are among the primary causes of the demand for basic health care. Studies on the frequency of dermatoses are important for the proper management of health planning. Objectives: To evaluate the nosological and behavioral profiles of dermatological consultations in Brazil. Methods: The Brazilian Society of Dermatology invited all of its members to complete an online form on patients who sought consultations from March 21-26, 2018. The form contained questions about patient demographics, consultation type according to the patient's funding, the municipality of the consultation, diagnosis, treatments and procedures. Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions were compared between subgroups. Results: Data from 9629 visits were recorded. The most frequent causes for consultation were acne (8.0%), photoaging (7.7%), nonmelanoma skin cancer (5.4%), and actinic keratosis (4.7%). The identified diseases had distinct patterns with regard to gender, skin color, geographic region, type of funding for the consultation, and age group. Concerning the medical conducts, photoprotection was indicated in 44% of consultations, surgical diagnostic procedures were performed in 7.3%, surgical therapeutic procedures were conducted in 19.2%, and cosmetic procedures were performed in 7.1%. Study limitations: Nonrandomized survey, with a sample period of one week. Conclusion: This research allowed us to identify the epidemiological profiles of the demands of outpatients for dermatologists in various contexts. The results also highlight the importance of aesthetic demands in privately funded consultations and the significance of diseases such as acne, nonmelanoma skin cancer, leprosy, and psoriasis to public health.

Prevalence and characterization of neonatal skin disorders in the first 72 h of life / Prevalência e caracterização das afecções cutâneas neonatais nas primeiras 72 horas de vida

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of neonatal dermatological findings and analyze whether there is an association between these findings and neonatal and pregnancy characteristics and seasonality. Methods: Newborns from three maternity hospitals in a Brazilian capital city were randomly selected to undergo dermatological assessment by dermatologists. Results: 2938 neonates aged up to three days of life were randomly selected, of whom 309 were excluded due to Intensive Care Unit admission. Of the 2530 assessed neonates, 49.6% were Caucasians, 50.5% were males, 57.6% were born by vaginal delivery, and 92.5% of the mothers received prenatal care. Some dermatological finding was observed in 95.8% of neonates; of these, 88.6% had transient neonatal skin conditions, 42.6% had congenital birthmarks, 26.8% had some benign neonatal pustulosis, 2% had lesions secondary to trauma (including scratches), 0.5% had skin malformations, and 0.1% had an infectious disease. The most prevalent dermatological findings were: lanugo, which was observed in 38.9% of the newborns, sebaceous hyperplasia (35%), dermal melanocytosis (24.61%), skin desquamation (23.3%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (23%), salmon patch (20.4%), skin erythema (19%), genital hyperpigmentation (18.4%), eyelid edema (17.4%), milia (17.3%), genital hypertrophy (12%), and skin xerosis (10.9%). Conclusions: Dermatological findings are frequent during the first days of life and some of them characterize the newborn's skin. Mixed-race newborns and those whose mothers had some gestational risk factor had more dermatological findings. The gestational age, newborn's ethnicity, gender, Apgar at the first and fifth minutes of life, type of delivery, and seasonality influenced the presence of specific neonatal dermatological findings.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência dos achados dermatológicos nos primeiros dias de vida e analisar se há associação com características neonatais, gestacionais e sazonalidade. Métodos: Recém-nascidos de três maternidades de uma capital brasileira foram selecionados aleatoriamente para serem submetidos ao exame dermatológico feito por dermatologistas. Resultados: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 2.839 neonatos com até 72 horas de vida, 309 foram excluídos por terem sido admitidos em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Dos 2.530 neonatos examinados, 49,6% eram da etnia branca e 50,5% do sexo masculino. Foi observado algum achado dermatológico em 95,8% dos recém-nascidos; desses, 88,6% tinham lesões cutâneas transitórias neonatais, 42,6% marca de nascimento, 26,8% pustulose benigna neonatal, 2% lesões secundárias ao trauma, 0,5% malformação cutânea e 0,1% doença infecciosa. O achado dermatológico mais frequente foi o lanugo, observado em 38,9% dos neonatos, seguido por hiperplasia de glândulas sebáceas (35%), melanocitose dérmica (24,6%), descamação da pele (23,3%), eritema tóxico neonatal (23%), mancha salmão (20,4%), eritema da pele (19%), hiperpigmentação da genitália (18,4%), edema palpebral (17,4%), cistos de mília (17,3%), hipertrofia da genitália (12%) e xerose cutânea (10,9%). Conclusões: Os achados dermatológicos são frequentemente identificados nos primeiros dias de vida e muitos deles caracterizam a pele do recém-nascido. Os neonatos pardos e aqueles cujas mães apresentavam algum fator de risco gestacional tiveram mais achados dermatológicos. A idade gestacional, a etnia do neonato, o gênero, o índice de Ápgar, o tipo de parto e a sazonalidade influenciaram na presença de manifestações cutâneas específicas.

Diabetes mellitus and the skin

Abstract: Several dermatoses are routinely associated with diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with chronic disease. This relationship can be easily proven in some skin disorders, but it is not so clear in others. Dermatoses such necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans and others are discussed in this text, with an emphasis on proven link with the diabetes or not, disease identification and treatment strategy used to control those dermatoses and diabetes.

Elementary lesions in dermatological semiology: literature review

Abstract: Discrepancies in the terminology of elementary lesions persist when texts from Dermatology and Semiology books are compared, which can cause some confusion in both the teaching of undergraduate medical students and the learning acquired by professionals in the field. This review aims to compare and clarify the differences in the description of elementary lesions by many authors, used as references for specialists in dermatology.

Consideraciones sobre la historia de la clasificación de las enfermedades dermatológicas / Considerations upon the history of the classification of skin diseases

Este artículo relata la historia de la descripción y clasificación de las enfermedades dermatológicas y el accionar de Baldomero Sommer, quien fue un miembro destacado en la escuela dermatológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires.

This article covers the history of the description and classification of skin diseases and the work of Baldomero Sommer, who was an influential member in the school of dermatology of the school of Medicine of the Buenos Aires University.

Síndrome de hiper IgE, una enfermedad poco frecuente en edad adulta: Reporte de un caso / Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome: Report of one case

The Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare sporadic or autosomal dominant immune and connective tissue disorder characterized by chronic eczema, cutaneous abscesses, pneumonias, invasive infections, high levels of Immunoglobulin E, primary teeth retention and bone abnormalities. We report a 24-year-old male with a history of cutaneous abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. He was admitted due to a left gluteal cellulitis. During the fifth day of hospitalization he presented a distal necrosis of the fourth finger of the right hand. Laboratory results showed high levels of IgE and positive cryoglobulins. The patient was discharged and was admitted again five days later with a new gluteal abscess. IgE levels were even higher. Applying Grimbacher scale, the diagnosis of Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome was reached.

Alterações dermatológicas na gravidez: revisão da literatura / Skin changes in pregnancy: literature review

Durante o período gestacional ocorrem profundas alterações imunológicas, metabólicas, endócrinas e vasculares, que são responsáveis por alterações cutâneas, fisiológicas e patológicas. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar as alterações dermatológicas que ocorrem durante a gravidez. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, de artigos publicados entre 1982 e 2013, indexados no PubMed e SciELO. Em relação a pele, os achados indicam que as alterações gestacionais são divididas em: alterações fisiológicas gestacionais, dermatoses específicas e dermatoses alteradas na gestação. Este apanhado engloba as características clínicas e o prognóstico das alterações fisiológicas da pele durante a gravidez, as dermatoses influenciadas pela gravidez e as dermatoses específicas da gravidez.(AU)

During pregnancy, deep immunological, metabolic, endocrine and vascular changes responsible for physiological and pathological skin changes occur. The objective of this paper was to check the skin changes that occur during pregnancy. For this, a literature review of articles published between 1982 and 2013, indexed in PubMed and SciELO was performed. Regarding the skin, the findings indicate that gestational changes are divided into gestational physiologic changes, specific skin diseases and skin conditions changed during pregnancy. This overview covers the clinical features and prognosis of physiological skin changes during pregnancy, dermatoses affected by pregnancy specific dermatoses of pregnancy.(AU)

Dermatoses em renais cronicos em terapia dialitica / Skin lesions in chronic renal dialysis

Objetivo: As desordens cutâneas e das mucosas são comuns em pacientes em hemodiálise a longo prazo. A diálise prolonga a expectativa de vida, dando tempo para a manifestação destas anormalidades. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência de problemas dermatológicos em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise. Métodos: Cento e quarenta e cinco pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise foram estudados. Todos os pacientes foram completamente analisados para as alterações cutâneas, de cabelos, mucosas e unhas por um único examinador e foram coletados dados de exames laboratoriais. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco de dados do Microsolft Excel e analisados por estatística descritiva. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e as variáveis categóricas utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste Exato de Fischer, conforme adequado. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 145 pacientes, com idade média de 53,6 ± 14,7 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino (64,1%) e caucasianos (90,0%). O tempo médio de diálise foi de 43,3 ± 42,3 meses. As principais doenças subjacentes foram: hipertensão arterial em 33,8%, diabetes mellitus em 29,6% e glomerulonefrite crônica em 13,1%. As principais manifestações dermatológicas observadas foram: xerose em 109 (75,2%), equimose em 87 (60,0%), prurido em 78 (53,8%) e lentigo em 33 (22,8%) pacientes. Conclusão: O nosso estudo mostrou a presença de mais do que uma dermatose por paciente. As alterações cutâneas são frequentes em pacientes em diálise. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor caracterização e manejo destas dermatoses. .

Objective: Cutaneous and mucosal disorders are the most common problems in patients on long-term hemodialysis. The dialysis prolongs the life expectancy, giving time of these changes to manifest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatologic problems among patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: One hundred forty-five patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis were studied. All patients were thoroughly examined for skin changes, hair, nails and mucous membranes by a single examiner and laboratory tests were assessed. The data were stored in a database Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test and categorical variables the chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test. Results: The study included 145 patients, mean age of 53.6 ± 14.7 years, predominantly male (64.1%) and caucasian (90.0%). The average time of dialysis was 43.3 ± 42.3 months. The main underlying diseases were: hypertension in 33.8%, diabetes mellitus in 29.6% and chronic glomerulonephritis in 13.1% of the patients. The main dermatologic manifestations observed were: xerosis in 109 (75.2%), ecchymosis in 87 (60.0%), pruritus in 78 (53.8%) and lentigo in 33 (22.8%) patients. Conclusion: Our study showed the presence of more than one alteration per patient. Cutaneous alterations are frequent in patients on dialysis. Further studies are needed to better characterization and management of these dermatosis. .

Prevalência de dermatoses pediátricas em um hospital universitário na região sudeste do Brasil / Prevalence of pediatric dermatoses in a university hospital in southeastern Brazil

FUNDAMENTOS: Numerosas dermatoses afetam crianças, dependendo da idade, da região e da classe socioeconômica. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de dermatoses pediátricas em um hospital universitário, considerando-se o diagnóstico, a idade e o sexo. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal realizado de julho de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Análise dos prontuários de 264 pacientes do Ambulatório de Dermatologia Pediátrica de um hospital universitário nesse período. A variável dependente foi a existência ou não de dermatoses em crianças até os 19 anos de idade. Entre as variáveis independentes obtiveram-se: diagnóstico clínico, sexo e idade. RESULTADOS: Dos 264 prontuários analisados, observou-se maior prevalência de dermatoses alérgicas em 74 casos (28,0 por cento), seguidas por dermatoses inflamatórias em 49 casos (18,6 por cento), dermatoses pigmentares em 42 casos (15,9 por cento), dermatoses infecciosas em 38 casos (14,4 por cento), tumores benignos em 25 casos (9,5 por cento), miscelânea em 14 casos (5,3 por cento), genodermatoses em 12 casos (4,5 por cento) e afecções de anexos cutâneos em dez casos (3,8 por cento). Os lactentes perfizeram 11,3 por cento do total, os pré-escolares, 15,9 por cento, os escolares, 48,8 por cento e os adolescentes, 23,8 por cento. Observou-se maior incidência de dermatoses alérgicas em pré-escolares em 15 casos (35,7 por cento), em lactentes em dez casos (33,3 por cento) e em escolares em 39 casos (30,2 por cento). Entre os adolescentes destacaram-se as dermatoses inflamatórias. O estudo não mostrou diferenças estatísticas entre sexo e faixa etária. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo do perfil epidemiológico facilita o diagnóstico das dermatoses pediátricas, incentivando a boa anamnese e a busca da prevenção.

BACKGROUND: Numerous dermatoses affects children, depending on age, region and socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pediatric dermatoses at the Dermatology Department of a University Hospital, involving the diagnosis, age and sex. METHODS: Epidemiologic cross-sectional study carried out in the period between July 2006 and December 2007. There were reviewed the handbooks of 264 patients from the Pediatric Dermatology Department of a University Hospital in this period. The dependent variable was the existence or not of dermatoses in children of age up to 19 years. Independent variables were: clinical diagnosis, sex and age. RESULTS: Of the 264 handbooks reviewed, there was a higher prevalence of allergic dermatoses in 74 cases (28,0 percent), followed by inflammatory dermatoses in 49 cases (18,6 percent), pigmentary dermatoses in 42 cases (15,9 percent), infectious dermatoses with 38 cases (14,4 percent), benign tumors in 25 cases (9,5 percent), miscellaneous in 14 cases (5,3 percent), genodermatosis with 12 cases (4,5 percent) and skin annexes disorders with 10 cases (3,8 percent). The infants represented 11,3 percent of the total, the pre-school 15,9 percent, the schoolboys 48,8 percent, and the adolescents 23,8 percent. There was greater prevalence of allergic dermatoses in pre-school with 15 cases (35,7 percent), infants with 10 cases (33,3 percent) and schoolboys with 39 cases (30,2 percent). Among adolescents are highlighted inflammatory dermatoses. The study showed no statistical differences between sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the epidemiological profile makes easy the diagnosis of pediatric dermatoses encouraging good history and search for prevention.

Afecciones dermatológicas con hipopigmentación en un área de salud,mayo-diciembre, 2010 / Dermatologic afections with hypopigmentation in a health area, may-december’ 2010

Las afecciones cutáneas con hipopigmentación constituyen una causa frecuente de consulta en el mundo y en Cuba, ya que es un síntoma común a numerosas enfermedades dermatológicas, pero hasta el momento, a pesar de la revisión bibliográfica realizada, se ha constatado que no se conoce su incidencia en edad pediátrica y adultos. Por esta razón, se realizó un estudio prospectivo-descriptivo de los pacientes portadores de hipocromía, con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de las afecciones dermatológicas con hipopigmentación en el área de salud. Se encontró que el género femenino fue el más representado en este estudio, que las afecciones se manifiestan más en niños, y predominó la pitiriasis versicolor. Se recomendó incorporar el tema del cuidado de la piel mediante la fotoprotección en cada consulta.

The cutaneous affections with hypopigmentation are one of the most common cases in our offices in Cuba and in the world. It is a common symptom in many of the dermatologic illnesses. After consulting many sources, it can be stated that there is a lack of studies of the incidence of this illness in children and adults. For these reason perspective and descriptive studies have been done to patients with hypocromy. The objective was to evaluate the behavior of the dermatologic affections with hypopigmentation in the health area. This study showed that the female gender was the most represented. The affections were more frequent in children, the pityriasis versicolor was predominant. The introduction of the photoprotection topic as a skin care in each appointment was remmended.

Infecções no paciente com diabetes melito / Infection in patient with diabetes mellitus

É conhecido que o paciente com diabetes é mais susceptível a infecções. Entretanto, apesar de frequentes, determinados tipos de infecções cutâneas nem sempre são familiares ao médico que presta o atendimento a este paciente. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar as infecções mais comuns nos pacientes com diabetes, através de uma abordagem simplificada do quadro clinico, diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento.

It is well-known that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to infections. Although frequent, specific types of skin infection are not always familiar to the physician providing care to this patient. The aim of this paper was to review the most common infections in patients with diabetes, using a simplified approach to clinical, diagnosis and first initial treatment.

Manifestaciones cutáneas de la diabetes mellitus y su importancia clínica / Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus: clinical meaning

Antecedentes. La diabetes mellitus como enfermedad crónica se asocia a múltiples complicaciones. Varios órganos se ven afectados; entre ellos, con diversas manifestaciones, la piel. Objetivo. Determinar el tipo de lesiones cutáneas presentes en pacientes diabéticos, analizar su frecuencia de presentación y su correlato con otras complicaciones sistemáticas y realizar un análisis estadístico comparativo entre pacientes con y sin dermopatía diabética (DD). Métodos. Se incluyeron 125 pacientes internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica de nuestro hospital en un período de 6 meses. Diseño. Estudio protocolizado, descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Medidas de tendencia central, x2, test de Student. Criterio de significación: error alfa menor de 5%. Resultados. El 88% presentó DM tipo 2.Sexo femenino: 57%.Edad media: 58,9 años. En 88 pacientes existió alguna complicación crónica de esta enfermedad: 35% DD, 32% nefropatía, 26% retinopatía, 41% neuropatía y el 15% macroangiopatía. El número de patologías cutáneas promedio por paciente fue de 4,4. Tuvieron lesiones cutáneas el 90,4% de los pacientes y las más frecuentes fueron xerodermia (69%), dermatofitosis (52,8%), hipotriquia periférica (39%), DD (35%). Mediante el análisis comparativo entre pacientes con y sin DD se detectó como más frecuente en los primeros (p<0,05): sexo masculino, edad mayor de 50 años, presencia de retinopatía diabética, neuropatía sensitiva, macroangiopatía, pie diabético y tiña pedis. Conclusiones. Las lesiones cutáneas más encontradas en pacientes diabéticos fueron xerodermia, tiña pedis, onicomicosis, hipotriquia periférica y DD. Al detectar asociación estadísticamente significativa entre DD y otras complicaciones sistémicas de la enfermedad, proponemos utilizar esta manifestación cutánea como marcador de complicaciones internas.

Background. Diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease it is associated tomultiple complications. As other organs, skin is aff ected showing diff erentmanifestations.Objetive. The aim of this study was to determinate the diff erent types ofskin lesions in diabetes mellitus and to analyze their prevalence and theirclinical correlation with other systemic complications of this disease. Finally,to make a comparative statistical study between patients with andwithout diabetic dermopathy (DD).Methods. We included 125 diabetics in a six month period. They wereonly Internal Medicine Department’s in-patients.Design. We made a protocoled, transversal, descriptive and observablestudy.Results. The 88% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. 57% were female andthe mean age was 58.9 years.Eighty-eight patients had DM chronic complications: 35% DD, 32%nephropathy, 26% retinopathy, 41% neuropathy and 15% macroangiopathy.The average of cutaneous lesions per patient was 4,4. The90.4% had cutaneous manifestations, being the most frequent: xeroderma(69%), dermatophytosis (52.8%), peripheral hypotrichia (39%),DD (35%).After doing a comparative analyze between patients with and withoutDD, we found, in the fi rst group more frequently (p<0,05) the followingsvariants: male sex, over 50 years old, retinopathy, sensitive neuropathy,macroangiopathy, diabetic foot and tinea pedis.Conclusions. The cutaneous lesions more frequently found in diabeticpatients were xeroderma, tinea pedis, onychomycosis, peripheral hypotrichiaand DD.As we found a statistic signifi cant association between DD and some systemiccomplications of DM, we propose to use this cutaneous sign as amarker of internal complications (Dermatol Argent 2010;16(2):117-121).

Dermatosis en los deportistas: [revisión] / Sport dermatoses: [review]

Sports practice has become a part of modern life. As a result, the association of dermatoses with sports increases continuously. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these skin lesions requires familiarity with their characteristics clinical presentations. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of traumatic and environmental injuries, infections, and exacerbation of preexisting dermatoses.

Prevalência de dermatoses em idosos residentes em instituição de longa permanência / Prevalence of dermatoses in residents of institutions for the elderly

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência das afecções dermatológicas em 75 idosos residentes em instituição de longa permanência na cidade de Santos-SP, e confrontar os achados com revisão da literatura. MÉTODOS: Setenta e cinco idosos foram submetidos a exame dermatológico. Com os dados obtidos calculou-se a prevalência, o número médio por paciente e a freqüência de dermatoses. Foi ainda analisado a distribuição nos subgrupos sexo, raça, faixa etária e nos subgrupos principais de dermatoses. RESULTADOS: O número total de dermatoses diagnosticadas foi 280, o número médio por paciente foi 3,73 e o número total de tipos de dermatoses foi 32. A prevalência das principais dermatoses encontradas foi: melanose solar (53,3 por cento), queratose seborréica (46,6 por cento), onicomicose (37,3 por cento), nevo rubi (33,3 por cento), púrpura senil (29,3 por cento), xerose (14,6 por cento), escabiose (12,0 por cento) e neoplasia maligna (1,3 por cento). A distribuição das dermatoses foi 70 por cento (IC95 por cento: 59 por cento a 81 por cento) maior no sexo feminino do que no masculino. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da pequena casuística, os dados obtidos são compatíveis com os poucos relatos disponíveis na literatura. Este estudo de prevalência definiu a distribuição de dermatoses em uma fração da população de idosos. Entretanto, os dados agregados de casuísticas subseqüentes podem permitir tornar os dados mais precisos, cuja relevância é indiscutível na orientação de medidas de saúde individual e coletiva.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dermatoses in 75 elderly residents in an institution of long permanence in the city of Santos, and to compare findings with those in literature. METHODS: Seventy five healthy elderly persons were submitted to a dermatological exam. The prevalence, the average number per elderly person and the frequency of dermatoses were calculated from the data collected. An analysis was then made of the distribution in the subgroups of, gender, race, age bracket as well as of dermatosis in the main sub-groups. RESULTS: The total number of diagnoses of dermatosis was 280 with an average number of 3. 73/ per elderly person and 32 different types of dermatosis: were found. The prevalence of the dermatosis most often found was respectively: melanosis (53.3 percent), seborrheic keratosis (46.6 percent), onychomycosis (37.3 percent), nevus (33.3 percent), senile purpura (29.3 percent), xerosis (14.6 percent), scabies (12.0 percent) and malignant neoplasm (1.3 percent). The distribution of dermatosis was 70 percent (CI95 percent: 59 percent to 81 percent) higher in the female population than in the male. CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding the small number of cases, these data are compatible with the few reports available in literature. This study of prevalence defined the distribution of dermatosis in a fraction of the elderly population. However the aggregate data of subsequent casuistries may provide the more precise information whose relevance is undeniable in the orientation of individual and collective future health measures.