Kidney Autotransplantation: Between the Past and the Future.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The practice of kidney autotransplantation (KAT) has become an increasingly favorable approach in the treatment of certain renovascular, ureteral, and malignant pathologies. Current KAT literature describes conventional open procedures, which are associated with substantial risks. We sought to compare previously reported outcomes, evaluate common surgical indications, and assess associated risks and benefits of current KAT methods. A thorough evaluation and review of the literature was performed with the keywords "autologous transplantation" and "kidney." RECENT FINDINGS: Early outcomes of robotic KAT are encouraging and have been associated with fewer complications and shorter hospital stay, but require robotic technique proficiency. KAT is an important method to manage selected complex urological pathologies. Robotic KAT is promising. Nevertheless, future studies should utilize larger patient cohorts to better assess the risks and benefits of KAT and to further validate this approach.

[Antonin Jean Desormeaux]. / Antonin Jean Desormeaux.

Antonin Jean Desormeaux was the first to regularly perform optical examination of the male urethra. He advanced the knowledge of urethral disease and the treatment of urethral strictures and paved the way for the development of endoscopy.

[The history of ureterosigmoidostomy]. / Die Entwicklung der Harnableitung in nicht ausgeschaltete Darmsegmente.

Congenital anomalies like bladder exstrophy were the indication in 1821 to implant the ureters into the sigmoid colon for the first time. In 1894 the Maydl technique was used more frequently with a postoperative mortality rate of 31%. The most important impact for ureterosigmoidostomy came from Robert Coffey in 1911. Obstruction at the ureterocolic anastomosis, inflammatory complications together with severe acidosis, renal insufficiency, and high mortality rates however gave way in 1950 to the worldwide success of Bricker's ileal conduit although at the same time the technique of ureterosigmoidostomy was perfected by Leadbetter, Goodwin, and Hohenfellner. About 25 years later, when the high late complication rate of ileal conduits was obvious, the advantages of ureterosigmoidostomy were reconsidered and the technique was refined using valuable principles of pouch surgery. Today modified ureterosigmoidostomy has a strong place among the possibilities of urinary diversion.

[Evolution of the knowledge of urethral pathology in Valencia from the end of the XIX century to the middle of XX century. Historical documentary analysis]. / Evolución del conocimiento en patología uretral en Valencia desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Análisis documental histórico.

OBJECTIVES: Urethral pathology has always been an interesting topic for study, being present in texts from 600 years B.C, where wood and metallic dilators are described. First external urethrotomies appear in the Jewish-Muslim period, and Francisco Diaz describes in 1588 the treatment of the prostate in his book "Tratamiento de las carnosidades de la verga". With Civiale and Maisoneuve, between 1700 and 1800, appears the description of the urethrotome, and finally in the middle XIX century starts the search for adequate tissues to replace urethra. METHODS: We review all articles on the topic of urethral pathology from authors from Valencia in that period, mainly published in the journal "Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas". RESULTS: We emphasize the use of bulbs and sounds in the approach to urethral stenosis by several authors, with their advantages and limitations. We also emphasize the description of external urethrotomy by Prof. Molla. Finally, we point out the treatment of a posterior urethra fracture by tunneling reported by Dr. Alfredo Tramoyeres. CONCLUSIONS: Despite not being a topic with a high volume of publications, it has always interested authors. We describe all treatments, and sound insertion and dilation techniques as first option.