RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastro-tracheal fistula (GTF) is one of the most serious complications after esophagogastrostomy and radiotherapy, with very high disability and mortality rates. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ventricular septal occluder devices (VSOD) for the treatment of Gastro-tracheal fistula (GTF). METHODS: From January 2020 to May 2022, 14 patients with GTF underwent VSOD under real-time fluoroscopy. The technical success, complications, quality of life (QoL), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, Karnofsky score, and median overall survival (mOS) were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Technical success, and major complication rates were 71.4%, and 14.3%, respectively. Both the ECOG and the Karnofsky score showed significant improvement at the 2-month evaluation compared with the pretreatment value (p<0.05). For QoL, general health, physical function, vitality, role physical, and social function all improved at the 2-month evaluation (p<0.05), but bodily pain, role emotion, and mental health showed no significant difference (P>0.05). During the mean follow-up of 9.6 months, eight patients were alive, and the mOS was 11.4 months (95% CI, 8.5-14.3). CONCLUSIONS: VSOD is a simple and safe technique for GTF treatment, but long-term observation is needed at multiple centers to confirm our findings.
Assuntos
Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Idoso , Adulto , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/cirurgia , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Gástrica/cirurgia , Fístula Gástrica/etiologia , Fístula Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , FluoroscopiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND A 52-year-old male patient presented with symptoms of chronic cough and persistent tracheal irritation 26 years after surgical closure of a tracheostoma, supported by an autologous auricular cartilage graft and cutaneous transplant. At the initial clinical presentation, the patient was an active smoker, with a cumulative dose of 31 pack years. CASE REPORT Bronchoscopy revealed endotracheal hair growth and local inflammation at the graft site. Initial anti-inflammatory, antimycotic, and antibacterial therapy was administered, followed by endoscopic structure remodeling. There were multiple recurrences with similar symptoms, showing isolated hair growth, without inflammation. Annual endoscopic restructuring sessions were indicated, and the patient experienced them as highly relieving. Recurrent hair growth was finally terminated by argon plasma laser-coagulation and after smoking cessation. We hypothesize that the onset of hair growth was triggered by the patient's cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Endotracheal hair growth is a potential complication of autograft-supported tracheal restructuring. The initial administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medication, combined with endoscopic restructuring, could have contained the active inflammation; the application of argon plasma laser-coagulation finally stopped the hair growth. Smoking is associated with the upregulation of molecular signaling pathways in the respiratory epithelium, which can stimulate hair follicles, such as sonic hedgehog protein, WNT-1/ß-catenin, and epidermal growth factor receptor.
Assuntos
Cabelo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Broncoscopia , Traqueostomia , Traqueia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Cartilagem da Orelha , Coagulação com Plasma de Argônio , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Tracheoinnominate artery fistulas (TIFs) are a rare but deadly complication of tracheostomy. Tracheoinnominate artery fistula cases in the literature were summarized in order to understand mortality associations. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for studies reporting individual characteristics of patients with TIFs after tracheostomy, excluding cases without tracheostomy or with additional procedures at the tracheostomy site. This study followed PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: 121 TIF patients from 18 case series and 46 case reports were included. The median age was 40 years, and 52.9% were male. The overall mortality rate was 64.5%. There were differences in mortality between cases that presented initially with vs without sentinel bleeding (odds ratio [OR] .34; CI [confidence interval] .16-.73; P = .006). The mortality rate also differed in whether or not the tracheostomy cuff was over-inflated for temporary hemostasis during resuscitation (OR 3.57 (CI 1.57-8.09); P = .002). Treatment compared to no treatment had lower mortality rates (OR .11 (CI 0.04-.32); P < .001); no differences were found if treatment was endovascular vs open surgical. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality is a major concern after detection of a TIF and resuscitation paired with endovascular or open surgical intervention is imperative. Rapidly investigating sentinel bleeds and intervening upon hemorrhage with temporary cuff over inflation may lead to improved outcomes.
Assuntos
Traqueostomia , Fístula Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Tronco Braquiocefálico/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/mortalidade , Doenças da Traqueia/cirurgia , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Traqueostomia/métodos , Fístula Vascular/mortalidade , Fístula Vascular/etiologia , Fístula Vascular/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND We present an exceptional case of asystole and tracheal diverticulum rupture as a result of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately following laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed at Riga 1st Hospital. Tracheal rupture after tracheal intubation is a severe but very rare complication that can be fatal. We present an incidental finding of the tracheal diverticulum and its rupture during CPR. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman (American Society of Anesthesiologists class II, body mass index 28.58) underwent a planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. Endotracheal intubation was performed, with the first attempt with a 7-mm inner diameter cuffed endotracheal tube without an introducer. Five minutes after rapid desufflation of the pneumoperitoneum, severe bradycardia and hypotension occurred, followed by asystole. CPR was performed for a total of 2 min, until spontaneous circulation returned. Twenty hours after surgery, subcutaneous emphysema appeared on the chest. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed subcutaneous neck emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, extensive pneumomediastinitis, and a pocket-like, air-filled tissue defect measuring 10×32 mm in the distal third of the trachea, with suspected rupture. Two hours after the diagnosis was established, the emergent surgery was performed. The patient was completely recovered after 15 days. CONCLUSIONS Our case illustrates that tracheal diverticula is sometimes diagnosed by accident and too late, which then can lead to life-threatening situations. Tracheal rupture can be made not only by mechanical piercing by an endotracheal tube but also during interventions, such as CPR. Rapid desufflation of the pneumoperitoneum can lead to asystole, induced by the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Divertículo , Intubação Intratraqueal , Doenças da Traqueia , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Divertículo/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Ruptura/etiologia , Ruptura Espontânea/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether tracheostomy stomal maturation affects the risk of tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) in children. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all children who both underwent a tracheostomy and were decannulated between 2012 and 2021 at a tertiary children's hospital. Charts were analyzed for demographics, surgical technique, and development of a TCF. TCF was defined as a persistent fistula following 3 months after decannulation. RESULTS: 179 children met inclusion criteria. The median (interquartile range) age at tracheostomy was 1.5 (82.4) months, average (standard deviation [SD]) duration of tracheotomy was 20.0 (20.6) months, and length of follow-up after decannulation (range; SD) was 39.3 (4.4-110.0; 26.7) months. 107 patients (60.0%) underwent stomal maturation and 98 patients developed a TCF (54.7%). Younger age at tracheostomy placement was significantly associated with increased risk of TCF, mean (SD) age 28.4 (51.4) version 80.1 (77.5) months (p < 0.001). Increased duration of tracheostomy was significantly associated with increased risk of TCF, 27.5 (18.4) version 11.0 (18.2) months (p < 0.001). Stomal maturation was not significantly associated with the risk of TCF, including on multivariable analysis adjusting for age at tracheostomy and duration of tracheostomy (p = 0.089). CONCLUSION: Tracheostomy stomal maturation did not affect the risk of TCF in children, even after adjusting for age and duration of tracheostomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:2941-2944, 2024.
Assuntos
Fístula Cutânea , Doenças da Traqueia , Traqueostomia , Traqueotomia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Fístula Cutânea/cirurgia , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/cirurgia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Traqueotomia/métodos , Traqueotomia/efeitos adversos , Criança , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Estomas Cirúrgicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Tracheomediastinal fistula is a rare but life-threatening complication of cancer. We report a case of tracheomediastinal fistula induced by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in limited stage small cell lung cancer. Despite the treatment response, the metastatic paratracheal lymph node increased gradually during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, resulting in the occurrence of tracheomediastinal fistula and mediastinitis. Without any surgical intervention, the patient achieved successful recovery from mediastinitis through antibiotic treatment, although the tracheomediastinal fistula remained open. In this report, we also review previous studies of tracheomediastinal and bronchomediastinal fistulas and summarize the clinical features.
Assuntos
Quimiorradioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Humanos , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Masculino , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/complicações , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Mediastino/etiologia , Fístula/etiologiaAssuntos
Amiloidose , Broncopatias , Mieloma Múltiplo , Doenças da Traqueia , Humanos , Amiloidose/patologia , Amiloidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncopatias/patologia , Broncopatias/etiologia , Broncoscopia , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Traqueia/patologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The trachea is a semiflexible tube of 1.5 to 2 cm in width and 10 to 13 cm in length. Its deviation might be caused by not only diverse thoracic but also abdominal pathologies, which may compromise the airway. We present a case of a severe tracheal deviation due to an abdominal pathology causing displacement of mediastinal structures. CLINICAL CASE: A 78-year-old woman presents with difficulty breathing. History of chronic bedridden and frequently constipated, last stool 5 days prior. On physical examination, cachectic complexion, dry mucous membranes, breathing superficially with scarce wheezing, SatO2 82% on room air. Abdomen distended with an absence of bowel sounds. Chest x-rays show severe tracheal deviation and abdominal x-ray with coffee bean sign. A laparotomy evidences a large sigmoid volvulus. A sigmoidectomy and descending colon colostomy is performed. Room air oxygen saturation improved after extubation to 96%.CONCLUSION: Desaturation and tracheal deviation were caused by a large sigmoid volvulus. Although these pathologies were thoracic, clinicians should suspect different underlying pathologies, in this case, abdominal
INTRODUCCIÓN: La tráquea es un tubo semiflexible de 1-5 a 2 cm de ancho y 10 a 13 cm de longitud. Puede presentar desviaciones en su trayecto, no solo por patologías torácicas, sino también abdominales, las cuales pueden comprometer la vía aérea. Presentamos el caso de una desviación severa de la tráquea por una patología abdominal que ocasionó desplazamiento de las estructuras mediastinales. REPORTE DE CASO: Mujer de 78 años que se presenta por dificultad respiratoria. Antecedente de postramiento crónico en cama y estreñimiento frecuente, con última deposición 5 días previos. En la exploración física presenta complexión caquéctica, mucosas secas, respiración superficial con sibilancias, saturando 82% al aire ambiente. Abdomen distendido con ausencia de ruidos intestinales. Radiografía torácica muestra desviación traqueal severa y la radiografía abdominal muestra signo del grano de café. En el abordaje por laparotomía se evidencia un vólvulo sigmoideo grande. Se realizó sigmoidectomía y colostomía del colon descendiente. La saturación al aire ambiente mejoró después de la extubación a 96%. CONCLUSIÓN: La desaturación y desviación traqueal fueron causadas por un vólvulo sigmoideo grande. Aunque estas patologías eran torácicas, el clínico debe sospechar diferentes patologías de base, como en este caso, abdominales.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Volvo Intestinal/cirurgia , Volvo Intestinal/complicações , Colo Sigmoide/cirurgia , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Colostomia , Radiografia Abdominal , Radiografia Torácica , Volvo Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Tracheal injury can occur as a rare complication of endotracheal intubation, associated with multiple anatomical and mechanical factors that have been described; however, the actual incidence is unknown due to the few series of documented cases that are reported worldwide. It is considered a fatal complication when it occurs and a diagnosis is not established in a timely manner. We present the case of a patient with active SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of congenital malformation, who presented a tracheal lesion secondary to reintubation as a radiological finding.
La lesión traqueal puede ocurrir como complicación rara de una intubación endotraqueal, asociada a múltiples factores que han sido descritos de tipo anatómico y mecánico, sin embargo, la incidencia real se desconoce por las pocas series de casos documentados que se reportan a nivel mundial. Considera como una complicación mortal cuando se presenta y no se establece un diagnóstico de forma oportuna. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con infección activa de SARS-CoV-2 y antecedente de malformación congénita, que presentó como hallazgo radiológico una lesión traqueal secundaria a reintubación.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19 , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Traqueia/lesões , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
La insuficiencia respiratoria posoperatoria es una complicación grave de la tiroidectomia, y su origen puede ser multifactorial, especialmente en los niños. Presentamos el caso de dos hermanos sometidos a una tiroidectomia que luego tuvieron dificultad respiratoria. Para la disección de la tiroides se emplearon un bisturí armónico y el sistema de sellado vascular bipolar electrotérmico. Ambos pacientes presentaron problemas para respirar tempranamente en el posoperatorio. El hermano mayor tuvo dificultad respiratoria leve durante 24 horas, que se resolvió espontáneamente. Se extubó a la hermana menor, pero tuvo estridor grave acompañado de tiraje intercostal y retracción abdominal. Se la volvió a intubar y se la trasladó a la UCI, donde se la conectó a un respirador. Permaneció en la UCI durante 14 días debido a múltiples intentos fallidos de extubación. Es probable que los síntomas fueran más graves en la niña pequeña debido a que la pared de la tráquea era más blanda y los cartílagos, más débiles. Es necesario considerar las posibles complicaciones respiratorias posoperatorias a causa de una lesión térmica o una técnica quirúrgica inadecuada tras una tiroidectomía.
Postoperative respiratory insufficiency is a serious complication of total thyroidectomies which can be multifactorial, especially in children. We report two siblings who had undergone thyroidectomy with subsequent respiratory distress. Electrothermal bipolar and harmonic scalpel were used during thyroid dissections. Both patients had early postoperative respiratory problems. The older one suffered from mild respiratory distress for 24 hours and then he spontaneously recovered. The younger one was extubated but then she had serious stridor accompanied with abdominal and intercostal retractions. She was re-intubated and admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support, where she stayed for 14 days due to multiple failed extubation attempts. The symptoms were more severe in the younger child probably due to softer tracheal wall and weaker tracheal cartilages. We should keep in mind the probable postoperative respiratory complications due to thermal injury or inappropriate surgical technique after thyroid surgeries.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Queimaduras/complicações , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Edema/etiologia , Eletrocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Queimaduras/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
El traqueostoma persistente es la complicación tardía más frecuente asociada al uso de traqueostomía. Se reportan tres casos de pacientes que se les realizó un cierre exitoso del traqueostoma persistente mediante técnica de cierre primario por planos con colgajo invertido. Las ventajas del método utilizado son que representa una alternativa simple, susceptible de realizar con anestesia local y de manera ambulatoria, con excelentes resultados estéticos, mejorando significativamente la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Persistent tracheostoma is the most common late complication associated with the use of tracheostomy. We report three cases in which patients underwent a successful closure of persistent tracheostoma using primary closure in layers with inverted flap technique. The advantages of this method are that it represents a simple alternative and is able to be performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, with excellent aesthetic results, significantly improving the quality of life of these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fístula Cutânea/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Doenças da Traqueia/cirurgia , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Técnicas de Sutura , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Calculamos la asociación entre el precio de diversas categorías de alimentos saludables y menos saludables y la glucemia en adultos estadounidenses con diabetes de tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Vinculamos la información de salud contenida en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 1999-2006 y el precio de los alimentos a partir de la base trimestral de datos de precios de los alimentos. Aplicamos una regresión de los valores de glucemia con respecto al precio de los alimentos en el trimestre anterior, con control de la región del mercado y otras covariables. Examinamos asimismo si la asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia variaba entre distintos grupos de ingresos. RESULTADOS: Tanto el precio de las frutas y verduras como el precio de los productos lácteos magros se asocian a la glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. En concreto, un precio mayor de las frutas y verduras y de los productos lácteos se asocia a valores más altos de glu-cohemoglobina y de glucemia en ayunas tres meses después. La asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia es mayor en las personas de ingresos bajos que en las de ingresos elevados, en la dirección esperada. CONCLUSIONES: Un precio mayor de los alimentos saludables se asocia a cifras más elevadas de glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. Esta asociación fue especialmente pronunciada en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2 con ingresos bajos.
OBJECTIVES: We estimated the association between the price of healthy and less-healthy food groups and blood sugar among US adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We linked 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey health information to food prices contained in the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database. We regressed blood sugar levels on food prices from the previous calendar quarter, controlling for market region and a range of other covariates. We also examined whether the association between food prices and blood sugar varies among different income groups. RESULTS: The prices of produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with blood sugar levels of people with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, higher prices for produce and low-fat dairy foods were associated with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose 3 months later. Food prices had a greater association with blood sugar for low-income people than for higherincome people, and in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS: Higher prices of healthy foods were associated with increased blood sugar among people with type 2 diabetes. The association was especially pronounced among low-income people with type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Traumatismos do Nascimento/diagnóstico , Distocia , Traqueia/lesões , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nascimento/terapia , Broncoscópios , Ruptura , Doenças da Traqueia/terapiaRESUMO
O presente estudo descreve uma paciente de 41 anos de idade com dermatomiosite, doença pulmonar intersticial e vasculopatia cutânea que desenvolveu pneumomediastino. Durante exame de broncoscopia foram encontradas lesões pálidas na laringe, que se estendiam para a árvore traqueobrônquica, e úlceras profundas na parede membranácea da traqueia. O exame histopatológico revelou presença de processo inflamatório secundário à vasculite, mas sem sinais de infecção. Lesões nas vias aéreas superiores e inferiores em paciente com dermatomiosite são raríssimas. A associação de dermatomiosite com úlceras profundas de mucosa e pneumomediastino não está bem esclarecida, mas a broncoscopia é um exame que deve ser utilizado para aperfeiçoar a avaliação.
We described a 41-year-old woman with dermatomyositis, interstitial lung disease, and cutaneous vasculopathy who developed a pneumomediastinum. The routine bronchoscopy investigation found pale lesions in the larynx, that extended to the tracheobronchial tree, and deep ulcers in the membranous wall of the trachea. The histopathology examination revealed an inflammatory process that was diagnosed secondary to the vasculitis, but no infections. Superior and inferior airway lesions in the same patient with dermatomyositis is a very rare condition. The association of dermatomyositis with deep mucosal ulcers and pneumomediastinum is not clear, but a bronchoscopic examination should be used to improve evaluation.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Dermatomiosite/complicações , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Úlcera/etiologia , Evolução FatalRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma forma de vasculite sistêmica que envolve primariamente as vias aéreas superiores e inferiores e os rins. As manifestações mais frequentes nas vias aéreas são estenose subglótica e inflamações, estenoses da traqueia e dos brônquios. A visualização endoscópica das vias aéreas é a melhor ferramenta para avaliação, diagnóstico e manejo dessas alterações. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as alterações endoscópicas encontradas na mucosa das vias aéreas de um grupo de pacientes com GW submetido à broncoscopia no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) e relatar as intervenções terapêuticas broncoscópicas utilizadas em alguns casos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de GW provenientes do Ambulatório de Vasculites da Disciplina de Pneumologia do HC-FMUSP, encaminhados para a realização de broncoscopia no serviço de Endoscopia Respiratória do HC-FMUSP no período de 2003 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 pacientes avaliados, 11 eram mulheres (73,33 por cento) com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos. Foram encontradas alterações das vias aéreas em 80 por cento dos pacientes, e o achado endoscópico mais frequente foi estenose subglótica (n = 6). Realizou-se broncoscopia terapêutica em três pacientes com estenose subglótica e em outros três com estenose brônquica, todos apresentando bons resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A broncoscopia permite diagnóstico, acompanhamento e tratamento das lesões de vias aéreas na GW, constituindo-se um recurso terapêutico pouco invasivo em casos selecionados.
INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a form of systemic vasculitis that involves primarily the upper and lower airways and the kidneys. The most frequent airway manifestations include subglottic stenosis and inflammation, and tracheal and bronchial stenoses. The endoscopic visualization of the airways is the best tool for assessing, diagnosing and managing those changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe the endoscopic abnormalities found in the airway mucosa of a group of patients with WG undergoing bronchoscopy at Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), and to report the therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions used in some cases. METHODS: The study assessed 15 patients diagnosed with GW from the Vasculitis Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Pulmonology, HC-FMUSP, referred for bronchoscopy at the Service of Respiratory Endoscopy, HC-FMUSP, from 2003 to 2007. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were studied [11 females (73.33 percent)]; mean age, 34 ± 11.5 years. Airway changes were found in 80 percent of the patients, and the most frequent endoscopic finding was subglottic stenosis (n = 6). Therapeutic bronchoscopy was performed in three patients with subglottic stenosis and in other three patients with bronchial stenosis, all showing good results. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy allows for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating the airway lesions in WG, being a minimally invasive therapeutic option in selected cases.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Broncopatias/etiologia , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/complicações , Broncoscopia , Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Doenças da Laringe/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnósticoRESUMO
La traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica (TO) (o traqueopatía osteocondroplástica otraqueopatía osteoplástica)1 es una entidad rara de etiopatogenia desconocida caracterizada por múltiples nódulos de cartílago o hueso originados en el tejido cartilaginoso de la vía aérea, que se proyectan dentro de la luz traqueobronquial. Generalmente decurso crónico y benigno, es casi siempre un hallazgo; cuando presenta síntomas estos son inespecíficos y se deben al estrechamiento de la vía aérea, al engrosamiento de la pared traqueobronquial, o a alguna complicación. Al ser poco reconocida favorece los errores diagnósticos. Reportamos un caso sintomático de TO, confundida con asma, que además presentaba rinosinusitis crónica e infecciones recurrentes de la vía aérea alta y baja. Además de presentar este caso con gran afectación y progresión hasta bronquios distales, mostramos otros 2 presuntos casos sin confirmación endoscópica.
The tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease of unknown pathogenesis. It is characterized by multiple osteocartilaginous nodules protrudinginto the tracheobronchial airway lumen. Generally it is an incidental finding because its evolution is chronic and benign; when symptoms are present, they are non specific and result from the obstruction of the airway, the thickening of the tracheobronchial wall or some complication. Since it is an uncommon condition the diagnostic errors arefrequent. We report a symptomatic TO case, that was misdiagnosed as asthma, and in addition the patient had chronic sinusitis and recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This case had progressive invasion of distal bronchi. We also report two other suspected cases without endoscopic confirmation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Asma/terapia , Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico , Broncoscopia , Broncopatias/etiologia , Broncopatias/terapia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/terapia , Osteocondrodisplasias/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A traqueopatia osteocondroplástica (TO) é uma desordem idiopática, incomum, caracterizada pela presença de nódulos osteocartilaginosos na submucosa das vias aéreas, causando rigidez e estreitamento da árvore respiratória. Afeta principalmente homens acima dos 50 anos com manifestações clínicas devidas à obstrução e/ou a infecções locais. Sua patogênese é desconhecida. Relatamos um caso de TO encontrada acidentalmente em autopsia de mulher com 73 anos de idade, que apresentava carcinoma ductal biliar extra hepático (tumor de Klatskin).
Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is an unusual idiopathic disorder, characterized by osteocartilaginous nodules in the submucosa of the respiratory airway, which causes rigidity and narrowing of the respiratory tree. It affects mainly men over 50 and clinical manifestations are due to obstruction and/or local infections. The pathogenesis is uncertain. We report a case of TO found incidentally in an autopsy of a 73 year-old woman, who had an extrahepatic biliary ductal carcinoma (Klatskin tumor).
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Broncopatias , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/patologia , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia , Autopsia , Relatos de Casos , Condrogênese , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Tumor de Klatskin , Ossificação HeterotópicaRESUMO
A Policondrite Recidivante - PR é uma afecção sistêmica grave, de natureza imunológica, caracterizada por um processo inflamatório que acomete as estruturas cartilaginosas nasais e auriculares, vias aéreas superiores e articulações periféricas. O diagnóstico é basicamente clínico e as complicações otorrinolaringológicas podem ser as manifestações iniciais da doença. Tendo em vista a raridade da doença, objetivou-se descrever um caso de PR, atendida no Hospital das Clínicas da UFG em agosto de 2006. Para tanto, as etapas seqüenciais do atendimento foram descritas desde a consulta inicial, diagnóstico, tratamento até a alta hospitalar. As dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais em dar seguimento ao tratamento, em função da resistência da paciente, provavelmente colaborou para agravamento da doença, culminando em seu óbito. O clínico deve estar atento frente a suspeita clínica de Policondrite Recidivante visando o seu diagnóstico precoce e tratamento.
The Relapsing Polychondritis - RP is a rare systemic affection, of immunological nature, characterize by an inflammatory process that affects cartilaginous structures, upper airway and peripheral articulation. The diagnosis is basically clinical and the otorhinolaryngological complications can be the initial manifestations of the illness. Having in view the rarity of the disease, it was objectified to describe a PR case attended at Hospital das Clínicas of UFG in august of 2006. Therefore, the sequential stages of the attendance had been described since the initial appointment, diagnosis, high treatment until the hospital one. The difficulties lived deeply for the professionals to proceed the treatment, in function of the resistance of the patient, probably collaborated for aggravation of the illness, culminating in its death. The physician must be alert in the presence of the clinical suspicion of Relapsing Polychondritis aiming at its precocious diagnosis and treatment.
La Policondrite Recidivante - PR es una afección sistémica grave, de naturaleza inmunológica. Caracterizada un proceso inflamatorio que acomete estructuras cartilaginosa nasales, vías aereas superiores y articulaciones periféricas. El diagnóstico es basicamente clínico y las complicaciones otorrinolaringológicas pueden ser las manifestaciones iniciales de la enfermedad. Esta enfermedad por ser rara, se objetivó describir un caso de PR, atendida en El Hospital de las Clínicas de La UFG en agosto de 2006. Para tanto, las etapas secuenciales del atendimiento fueron descritas desde la consulta inicial, diagnóstico, tratamiento hasta la alta hospitalar. Las dificultades vividas por los profesionales en dar seguimiento al tratamiento, en función de La resistencia de La paciente, probablemente colaboro para el agravamiento de la enfermedad, culminando en su óbito. El clínico debe estar atento frente a la sospecha clínica de Policondrite Recidivante visando su diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Policondrite Recidivante/complicações , Policondrite Recidivante/diagnóstico , Policondrite Recidivante/mortalidade , Policondrite Recidivante/terapia , Doenças Reumáticas/etiologia , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologia , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Surdez/etiologiaRESUMO
La traqueobroncopatía Osteoplástica es infrecuente en la litertura mundial y no más de dos centenares de casos se han publicado desde su descubrimiento en 1587, la mayoría en descripciones necrópsicas. Se presenta un caso de traqueobroncoestenosis difusa, poloposa sésil, calcárea, lentamente progresisva, en todo coincidente con las descripciones clásicas. Se analizan sus características clínicas que se confunden con una sinusitis refractaria a antibióticos y los exámenes de laboratorio con énfasis en el eje calcio-fósforo, que no se observó alterado. Se pone de relieve que: los exámenes radiológicos resultaron inútiles y que los resultados histopatológicos mostron una metaplasia escamosa y calcoferitos. Se hace especial referencia a los estudios de función ventilatoria que demonstraron compromiso incipiente de la vía aérea fina y el aplanamiento de la fase inspiratoria de la curva flujo-volumen, lo que traduce una obstrucción extratratorácica. Se discute el rol etiológico de la inflamación crónica, el riesgo de compromiso tumoral, la amiloidosis, las alteraciones calcio-fósforo, las calcificaciones ectópicas, las metaplasias del tejido elástico y los procesos degenerativos