Artificial Intelligence in Endocrinology: On Track Toward Great Opportunities.

In endocrinology, the types and quantity of digital data are increasing rapidly. Computing capabilities are also developing at an incredible rate, as illustrated by the recent expansion in the use of popular generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Numerous diagnostic and therapeutic devices using AI have already entered routine endocrine practice, and developments in this field are expected to continue to accelerate. Endocrinologists will need to be supported in managing AI applications. Beyond technological training, interdisciplinary vision is needed to encompass the ethical and legal aspects of AI, to manage the profound impact of AI on patient/provider relationships, and to maintain an optimal balance between human input and AI in endocrinology.

Consensus statement by the French Society of Endocrinology (SFE) and French Society of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology (SFEDP) for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: Genetics of Cushing's syndrome.

Cushing's syndrome is due to overproduction of cortisol, leading to abnormal and prolonged exposure to cortisol. The most common etiology is Cushing disease, while adrenal causes are rarer. Knowledge of the genetics of Cushing's syndrome, and particularly the adrenal causes, has improved considerably over the last 10 years, thanks in particular to technical advances in high-throughput sequencing. The present study, by a group of experts from the French Society of Endocrinology and the French Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, reviewed the literature on germline genetic alterations leading to a predisposition to develop Cushing's syndrome. The review led to a consensus statement on genetic screening for Cushing disease and adrenal Cushing's syndrome.

The Risks and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Endocrinology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the promise of addressing many of the numerous challenges healthcare faces, which include a growing burden of illness, an increase in chronic health conditions and disabilities due to aging and epidemiological changes, higher demand for health services, overworked and burned-out clinicians, greater societal expectations, and rising health expenditures. While technological advancements in processing power, memory, storage, and the abundance of data have empowered computers to handle increasingly complex tasks with remarkable success, AI introduces a variety of meaningful risks and challenges. Among these are issues related to accuracy and reliability, bias and equity, errors and accountability, transparency, misuse, and privacy of data. As AI systems continue to rapidly integrate into healthcare settings, it is crucial to recognize the inherent risks they bring. These risks demand careful consideration to ensure the responsible and safe deployment of AI in healthcare.

Consideraciones para una propuesta de periodización histórica de la endocrinología en Cuba / Considerations for a proposal of historical periodization of Endocrinology in Cuba

El objetivo de este artículo es plantear algunas consideraciones que justifican una periodización histórica de la endocrinología en nuestro país, para lo que se tuvieron en cuenta los hitos o hechos con especial significado para esta especialidad médica. Se utilizó el método histórico-lógico, apoyado en la técnica de revisión documental y la entrevista no estructurada en profundidad, la que se aplicó a profesionales vinculados al desarrollo de la endocrinología en nuestro país. Se establecen tres periodos históricos de la endocrinología en Cuba: Periodo de la preendocrinología (1813-1922), donde aparecieron las primeras descripciones de enfermedades endocrinas como el hermafroditismo, galactorrea, ginecomastia, bocio, acromegalia, diabetes mellitus y otras; Periodo de inicio de la endocrinología (1923-1965), caracterizado por la introducción de la insulina en la práctica clínica y el incremento de los aportes a la literatura científica nacional e internacional, la creación de Sociedad Cubana de Endocrinología y su órgano oficial, Acta Endocrinológica Cubana; y, finalmente, Periodo de consolidación y desarrollo de la endocrinología (1966-actualidad), el que se establece con la creación del Instituto de Endocrinología y Enfermedades Metabólicas, pues con su apertura la especialidad comienza su verdadero progreso en las áreas de la investigación, docencia y asistencia. Se concluye, que teniendo en cuenta los hitos o hechos con especial significado para la endocrinología en el territorio nacional, es posible plantear una periodización histórica de esta especialidad médica(AU)

The objective of this article is to present some considerations that justify a historical periodization of Endocrinology in our country taking into account the landmarks and events with special significance for this medical specialty. The historical-logical method was used, supported by the technique of documentary review and in depth's unstructured interview to professionals linked to the development of Endocrinology in our country. Three historical periods of Endocrinology are established in Cuba: Period of Pre-endocrinology (1813-1922), where the first descriptions of endocrine diseases such as hermaphroditism, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, goiter, acromegaly, diabetes mellitus and others appeared; Period of onset of Endocrinology (1923-1965), that was characterized by the introduction of insulin in clinical practice and the increase of contributions to national and international scientific literature, the creation of the Cuban Society of Endocrinology and its official media the Cuban Endocrinological Act; and finally, Endocrinology's consolidation and development period (1966-present), that is established with the creation of the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases. With this last milestone, Endocrinology in Cuba begins its real progress in the areas of research, teaching and care. It is concluded that taking into account the milestones or events with special significance for Endocrinology in our country, it is possible to propose a historical periodization of this medical specialty(AU)

Pruebas de función tiroidea

Las pruebas de función tiroidea se han convertido en pruebas de rutina en los laboratorios clínicos, así como de común solicitud en las ordenes médicas, lo que hace necesario que los médicos tengan un dominio amplio y útil de las diferentes pruebas y técnicas que se utilizan para evaluar función tiroidea. La mejor comprensión de la fisiología y metabolismo de las hormonas T3 y T4, ha hecho que desde hace algunos años se venga haciendo énfasis en la mayor utilidad y especificidad de las fracciones libres, lo que ha mejorado el diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes y ha llevado a una mejor utilización e interpretación del comportamiento de éstas en el paciente con una determinada enfermedad tiroidea. Se ha definido también la importancia de los anticuerpos, muy especificamente en las enfermedades tiroideas que tienen un componente autoinmune. Estas pruebas deben hacer parte de las pruebas de rutina solicitadas en la evaluación de los pacientes con afecciones tiroideas.