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Educação de Pós-Graduação , Pesquisadores , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Justiça Social , Brasil , Pesquisadores/economia , Pesquisadores/educação , Bolsas de Estudo/economia , Bolsas de Estudo/tendências , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/economia , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/tendências , Justiça Social/economia , Justiça Social/tendênciasAssuntos
Mudança Climática/economia , Tempestades Ciclônicas/economia , Desastres/economia , Pobreza , Racismo , Justiça Social , Populações Vulneráveis , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Mudança Climática/mortalidade , Tempestades Ciclônicas/mortalidade , Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , Objetivos , Humanos , Louisiana/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Política , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Racismo/economia , Racismo/prevenção & controle , Racismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Saneamento , Justiça Social/economia , Justiça Social/tendências , Desenvolvimento Sustentável/economia , Desenvolvimento Sustentável/tendências , Populações Vulneráveis/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This past year brought the deadliest pandemic of our time and a huge social awakening and movement for racial justice. It became clear to me in late spring that I needed to learn more about structural racism, White supremacy, racial healthcare disparities, unconscious bias, and my own prejudices that govern my attitudes, values, behaviors, and decisions as a nurse leader, faculty member, board member, and a human being. To that end, I began to read, watch, and listen to both scholarly and lay journals and media that provide historical and current empirical accounts and studies of how racism and White supremacy have dominated our society, organizations, and communities in the United States for hundreds of years.
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Amigos/psicologia , Racismo/psicologia , Justiça Social/normas , Diversidade Cultural , Humanos , Pandemias , Justiça Social/tendênciasAssuntos
Inteligência Artificial/ética , Inteligência Artificial/normas , Racismo/prevenção & controle , Sexismo/prevenção & controle , Justiça Social/tendências , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto/ética , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Masculino , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Redes Neurais de Computação , Fatores Raciais , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Eugenia (Ciência)/história , Experimentação Humana/ética , Experimentação Humana/história , Racismo/história , Pesquisadores/ética , Pesquisadores/história , Justiça Social/tendências , População Negra/história , Canadá , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Guatemala , Ginecologia/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Socialismo Nacional/história , Gravidez , Justiça Social/história , Sífilis/história , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Since our launch in 2002, the International Journal for Equity in Health (IJEqH) has furthered our collective understanding of equity in health and health services by providing a platform on which academics and practitioners can share their work. Today, we celebrate our fifteenth anniversary with an article collection that presents a call for new and novel research in equity in health and we invite our authors to use new approaches and methods, and to focus on emerging areas of research related to health equity in order to set the stage for the next fifteen years of health equity research.Our anniversary issue provides a platform for expanding the conceptualization, diversity of populations and study designs, and for increasing the use of novel methodologies in the field. The IJEqH has helped to support the wider group of researchers, policymakers and practitioners with a commitment to social justice and equity but there is still more to do. With the help of the highly committed editorial team and editorial board, the innovative work of researchers worldwide, and the countless of hours dedicated by hundreds of reviewers, we are confident in the IJEqH's ability to continue supporting the dissemination of health equity research for years to come.
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Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Equidade em Saúde/história , Equidade em Saúde/tendências , Justiça Social/história , Justiça Social/tendências , Previsões , História do Século XXI , HumanosAssuntos
Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Obtenção de Fundos/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Preconceito/prevenção & controle , Justiça Social/normas , Objetivos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Humanos , São Francisco , Justiça Social/tendências , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
We identify the ways the policies of leading international bioethics journals limit the participation of researchers working in the resource-constrained settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the development of the field of bioethics. Lack of access to essential scholarly resources makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for many LMIC bioethicists to learn from, meaningfully engage in, and further contribute to the global bioethics discourse. Underrepresentation of LMIC perspectives in leading journals sustains the hegemony of Western bioethics, limits the presentation of diverse moral visions of life, health, and medicine, and undermines aspirations to create a truly "global" bioethics. Limited attention to this problem indicates a lack of empathy and moral imagination on the part of bioethicists in high-income countries, raises questions about the ethics of bioethics, and highlights the urgent need to find ways to remedy this social injustice.
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Bioética/tendências , Comércio , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/ética , Justiça Social/tendências , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , PolíticasRESUMO
For the 2016 end-of-the-year editorial, the PLOS Medicine editors asked 7 global health leaders to discuss developments relevant to the equitable provision of medical care to all populations. The result is a collection of expert views on ethical trial design, research during outbreaks, high-burden infectious diseases, diversity in research and protection of migrants.
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Equidade em Saúde , Justiça Social , Equidade em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Justiça Social/tendênciasRESUMO
In recent editions of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, their famous principles have been deployed as elements of the common morality recruited to anchor bioethical reasoning. In Principles, however, Beauchamp and Childress defend neither their assertions about the content, nor the normativity, of the common morality. Because these content and normativity claims form the backbone of their approach, both claims deserve substantive support if the project of Principles is to be completed. Defense of the normativity claim remains an issue that has to date gone underdeveloped in the literature. Here I evaluate three ways of mounting such a defense, arguing that only one-conceptual analysis demonstrating the principles to be part of the "definitional criteria" of morality-might succeed within the confines of Beauchamp and Childress' metaethical paradigm. I argue further that identification of the common morality with these "definitional criteria" presents a compelling way forward.
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Obrigações Morais , Ética Baseada em Princípios , Valores Sociais , Bioética/tendências , Teoria Ética , Humanos , Justiça Social/normas , Justiça Social/tendências , Responsabilidade SocialRESUMO
This essay offers a Confucian evaluation of Article 14 of the UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, with a focus given to its statement that "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being." It indicates that "a right to health" contained in the statement is open to two different interpretations, one radically egalitarian, another a decent minimum. It shows that Confucianism has strong moral considerations to reject the radical egalitarian interpretation, and argues that a Confucian nonegalitarian health distribution ethics of differentiated and graded love and obligation can reasonably be supported with a right to the decent minimum of health at the international level.
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Confucionismo , Características Culturais , Atenção à Saúde , Família , Governo , Nível de Saúde , Amor , Política Pública , Justiça Social , Responsabilidade Social , Beneficência , Temas Bioéticos , Confucionismo/história , Características Culturais/história , Atenção à Saúde/ética , Atenção à Saúde/história , Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Emoções , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/economia , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/ética , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/história , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/normas , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/tendências , História Antiga , Direitos Humanos/história , Direitos Humanos/legislação & jurisprudência , Direitos Humanos/normas , Direitos Humanos/tendências , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Obrigações Morais , Política Pública/história , Política Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Política Pública/tendências , Justiça Social/história , Justiça Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Social/normas , Justiça Social/tendências , VirtudesRESUMO
Community psychology has long been concerned with social justice. However, deployments of this term are often vague and undertheorized. To address this weakness in the field's knowledge body we explored John Rawls's theory of social justice and Amartya Sen's economic theory of the capabilities approach and evaluated each for its applicability to community psychology theory, research, and action. Our unpacking of the philosophical and political underpinnings of Rawlsian theory of social justice resulted in identifying characteristics that limit the theory's utility in community psychology, particularly in its implications for action. Our analysis of the capability approach proposed by Amartya Sen revealed a framework that operationalizes social justice in both research and action, and we elaborate on this point. Going beyond benefits to community psychology in adopting the capabilities approach, we posit a bi-directional relationship and discuss how community psychology might also contribute to the capabilities approach. We conclude by suggesting that community psychology could benefit from a manifesto or proclamation that provides a historical background of social justice and critiques the focus on the economic, sociological, and philosophical theories that inform present-day conceptualizations (and lack thereof) of social justice for community psychology.
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Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Colaboração Intersetorial , Psicologia Social/tendências , Mudança Social , Justiça Social/tendências , Teoria Social , Valores Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Internacionalidade , América do Norte , FilosofiaRESUMO
In this article, I outline a proposal for decentering the field of United States-based community psychology. Transnational migrations, border crossings, and proliferating neoliberal trade and global media characterize the contemporary moment we live in. These movements challenge any monolithic disciplinary narrative of community psychology. Drawing from liberation psychology and women of Color feminisms, I argue that decentering the field involves engendering more reciprocal, nonhierarchical relations between the core and peripheries of knowledge production. Specifically, I consider the decentering project in two related realms-content and agents of knowledge production. The first issue concerns the kind of research and theorizing we engage in, the issues or topics we investigate, and the subject populations we work with. The second issue pertains to the agents who engage in the aforementioned processes, exercising epistemic power, that is the authority to construct what is considered legitimate and valid knowledge. I conclude with the implications of the decentering project for a multistranded community psychology that is responsive to the cartographies of contemporary struggles.
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Internacionalidade , Psicologia Social/organização & administração , Psicologia Social/tendências , Mudança Social , Emigração e Imigração , Feminismo , Previsões , Humanos , Conhecimento , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Grupos Minoritários , Pesquisa/tendências , Resiliência Psicológica , Justiça Social/tendências , Teoria Social , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Técnicas Reprodutivas , Justiça Social , Brasil/epidemiologia , Epidemias , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/ética , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Seguro Saúde/economia , Seguro Saúde/ética , Seguro Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Legislação como Assunto/tendências , Masculino , Gravidez , Técnicas Reprodutivas/economia , Técnicas Reprodutivas/ética , Técnicas Reprodutivas/legislação & jurisprudência , Fatores de Risco , Justiça Social/ética , Justiça Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Social/tendências , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
HIV-positive individuals have traditionally been barred from donating organs due to transmission concerns, but this barrier may soon be lifted in the USA in limited settings when recipients are also infected with HIV. Recipients of livers and kidneys with well-controlled HIV infection have been shown to have similar outcomes to those without HIV, erasing ethical concerns about poorly chosen beneficiaries of precious organs. But the question of whether HIV-negative patients should be disallowed from receiving an organ from an HIV-positive donor has not been adequately explored. In this essay, we will discuss the background to this scenario and the ethical implications of its adoption from the perspectives of autonomy, beneficence/non-maleficence and justice.
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Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Beneficência , Soronegatividade para HIV , Soropositividade para HIV , Transplante de Órgãos/ética , Autonomia Pessoal , Justiça Social , Doadores de Sangue/legislação & jurisprudência , Soropositividade para HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/transmissão , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/ética , Transplante de Fígado/ética , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Justiça Social/ética , Justiça Social/tendências , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
The end of the last century was a particularly vibrant period for feminist bioethics. Almost two decades on, we reflect on the legacy of the feminist critique of bioethics and investigate the extent to which it has been successful and what requires more attention yet. We do this by examining the past, present, and future: we draw out three feminist concerns that emerged in this period-abstraction, individualism, and power-and consider three feminist responses-relationality, particularity, and justice-and we finish with some thoughts about the future.