Venous thromboembolic outcomes in patients with lymphedema and lipedema: An analysis from the National Inpatient Sample.

BACKGROUND: Patients with lymphedema and lipedema share physical exam findings that may lead to misdiagnosis. Poor mobility is common in patients with obesity and patients with lymphedema and lipedema. This may constitute a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our objective was to evaluate the association of VTE in obese patients with lymphedema and lipedema. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was searched from 2016 to 2020 to identify hospital admissions of obese female patients with lymphedema and lipedema. Patients were analyzed in the context of presence or absence of VTE while adjusting for complex cluster sampling techniques. Predictors of VTE were accessed by multivariable regression. RESULTS: Lymphedema was identified in 189,985 patients and lipedema in 50,645 patients. VTE was observed in 3.12% (n = 374,210) of patients with obesity. In patients with obesity, VTE was more common in patients with lymphedema than without (2.6% vs 1.6%; p < 0.01). Similarly, VTE was more common in patients with lipedema than without (0.6% vs 0.4%; p < 0.01). After multivariable logistic regression, VTE events in obese patients with lymphedema were higher versus without (OR 1.6; CI 1.08-2.43; p = 0.02). Similarly, VTE events were more common in obese patients with lipedema versus obese patients without lipedema (OR 1.20; CI 1.03-1.41; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this hypothesis-generating study, lymphedema and lipedema show a positive association with VTE after adjusting for baseline patient characteristics such as obesity, which is a known independent risk factor for VTE. Mechanisms whereby lymphedema and lipedema are associated with VTE should be investigated.

Observational Study on a Large Italian Population with Lipedema: Biochemical and Hormonal Profile, Anatomical and Clinical Evaluation, Self-Reported History.

We analyzed the medical condition of 360 women affected by lipedema of the lower limbs in stages 1, 2, and 3. The data were assessed for the whole population and compared between different clinical stages, distinguishing between obese and non-obese patients. The most frequent clinical signs were pain when pinching the skin, subcutaneous nodules, and patellar fat pads. The most frequently painful site of the lower limbs was the medial lower third of the thigh. The pain score obtained on lower limb points increased progressively with the clinical stage. In all points evaluated, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue increased with the clinical stage. Analyzing the data on the lower medial third of the leg and considering only patients with type 3 lipedema, the difference between stages was statistically significant after correction for age and BMI. We found higher levels of C-reactive protein at more severe clinical stages, and the difference was significant after correction for age and BMI between the stages. Overall, the prevalence of alterations of glucose metabolism was 34%, with a progressive increase in prevalence with the clinical stage. The most frequent comorbidities were vitamin D insufficiency, chronic venous disease, allergies, dyslipidemia, headache, and depression of mood. Interestingly, in comparison with the general population, we found higher prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Finally, the clinical stage and the involvement of the upper limbs or obesity suggest a worse clinical, anthropometric, and endocrine-metabolic profile.

Prevalência e fatores de risco para lipedema no Brasil / Lipedema prevalence and risk factors in Brazil

Resumo Contexto O lipedema é caracterizado por deposição anormal de gordura em glúteos e pernas bilateralmente, que pode ser acompanhada por edema, dor e sensibilidade ao toque. Ainda é frequentemente confundido com condições mais frequentes, como obesidade e linfedema. A prevalência estimada na Europa varia entre 0,06% e 39%. Objetivos Avaliar a prevalência do lipedema na população brasileira e identificar fatores de saúde relacionados a essa doença. Métodos Foi aplicado um questionário de rastreamento on-line, previamente validado em amostra representativa da população geral. O questionário de rastreamento foi distribuído e aplicado em voluntárias anônimas representativas da população geral brasileira por software dedicado a análises populacionais. Resultados Um total de 253 mulheres respondeu ao questionário, e 12,3 ± 4% (intervalo de confiança de 95%) apresentaram sintomatologia compatível com alta probabilidade de diagnóstico de lipedema. Ansiedade, depressão, hipertensão e anemia foram correlacionadas com a alta probabilidade diagnóstica da doença. Conclusões A prevalência estimada do lipedema na população de mulheres brasileiras é de 12,3%.

Abstract Background Lipedema is characterized as an abnormal deposition of fat in the buttocks and legs bilaterally that may be accompanied by swelling, pain, and tenderness. It is still often confused with more frequent conditions such as obesity and lymphedema. The estimated prevalence in Europe varies between 0.06% and 39%. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of lipedema and identify health factors related to it in the Brazilian population. Methods Administration of a previously validated online screening questionnaire to a representative sample of the general population. The questionnaire was distributed and administered to anonymous volunteers representing the general Brazilian population using software designed for population analyses. Results 253 women answered the questionnaire, 12.3 ± 4% (Confidence Interval [CI] 95%) of whom presented symptoms compatible with a high probability of being diagnosed with lipedema. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, hypertension, and anemia were also correlated with a high probability of the diagnosis. Conclusions The estimated prevalence of lipedema in the population of Brazilian women is 12.3%.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do questionário de avaliação sintomática do lipedema (QuASiL) / Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of a lipedema symptoms questionnaire

Resumo Contexto O lipedema é caracterizado como uma deposição anormal de gordura em glúteos e pernas bilateralmente, que pode ser acompanhada por edema ortostático em mulheres. Foi publicado questionário de avaliação sintomática em lipedema em alemão e inglês para avaliação de evolução de tratamento. Objetivos Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do questionário de avaliação sintomática de lipedema para português brasileiro. Métodos O processo consistiu em três traduções e duas retrotraduções realizadas por tradutores independentes, seguida da elaboração de versão consensual e adaptação conforme compreensão das pacientes. O questionário foi convertido em versão digital, aplicado em 56 voluntárias e em 154 pacientes de consultório vascular e correlacionado com volumetria por bioimpedância segmentar. Resultados As 20 pacientes do pré-teste eram do sexo feminino e as questões foram compreendidas por pelo menos 90% das entrevistadas na fase final. Voluntárias mostraram compreensão de 96,4%, com tempo médio de resposta de 4 minutos. Em 154 pacientes, o volume dos membros mostrou correlação positiva com a intensidade dos sintomas avaliada pelo questionário traduzido e correlação fraca e moderada em apenas 3 perguntas, num total de 15 com nível de escolaridade. Conclusões A versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português do Brasil do questionário de avaliação sintomática do lipedema (QuASiL) é um instrumento prático, de fácil e rápida aplicação, que pode ser utilizado em nossa população. Ainda são necessários estudos adicionais para avaliar a sensibilidade do instrumento para o auxílio no diagnóstico do lipedema.

Abstract Background Lipedema is characterized as abnormal bilateral deposition of fat in the buttocks and legs that may be accompanied by orthostatic edema in women. A questionnaire for assessment of lipedema symptoms has previously been published in German and English to assess treatment progress. Objectives To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the lipedema symptoms assessment questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process involved three translations and two back-translations performed by independent translators, followed by construction of a consensus version and adaptation according patients' comprehension. The questionnaire was converted into a digital version and administered to 56 volunteers and then administered to 154 patients from a vascular clinic and correlated with volume determined by segmental bioimpedance. Results The 20 pre-test patients were female and at least 90% of the interviewees were able to understand the questions in the final phase. Volunteers had a 96.4% rate of comprehension of the digital online version and a mean completion time of 4 minutes. In 154 patients, limb volume was positively correlated with intensity of symptoms, as assessed by the translated questionnaire, and 3 out of 15 questions were weakly correlated with educational level. Conclusions The translated and culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the lipedema symptoms assessment questionnaire (QuASiL) is a practical tool that is easy and quick to administer and can be used in our population. Additional studies are still needed to assess the instrument's sensitivity as an aid for diagnosis of lipedema.