Voriconazole-Induced Periostitis: A Mimicker of Skeletal Coccidioidomycosis.

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis is caused by the fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, which are endemic to the southwestern United States and other countries of the Western Hemisphere. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is the most common form of coccidioidomycosis. Rarely, coccidioidal infection disseminates to meninges, bones, skin, and soft tissues. While fluconazole remains the first line of treatment and is used for most patients, voriconazole is used in selected refractory cases of coccidioidomycosis. Voriconazole has more fluorine molecules than other azoles, and over time the fluorine molecules in voriconazole can cause disorganized bone formation in the periosteal region (periostitis), causing generalized bony pain, and radiographically can mimic skeletal coccidioidomycosis. While voriconazole-induced periostitis has been noted in aspergillosis and other infections, it has not been reported commonly in patients with coccidioidomycosis. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 50-year-old female patient with a diagnosis coccidioidal meningitis who was refractory to fluconazole and was treated with voriconazole. She presented with bony pain, which was initially radiographically attributed to multifocal skeletal coccidioidal infection. Reflecting upon the patient's history and serum levels of fluoride and bone alkaline phosphatase, a diagnosis of voriconazole-induced periostitis was made. Discontinuation of the voriconazole resulted in resolution of the periostitis. CONCLUSIONS Voriconazole-induced periostitis should be considered in patients with musculoskeletal pain with a history of voriconazole treatment or with laboratory abnormalities, such as elevated fluoride levels and/or bone alkaline phosphatase. Discontinuation of voriconazole reverses the condition promptly.

Voriconazole-induced periostitis in a patient with HIV treated for coccidioidomycosis meningitis.

Voriconazole-induced periostitis is a rare adverse effect in patients on long-term therapy, characterised by periosteal inflammation and associated bony pain. The accompanying lab abnormalities (elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and fluoride) and characteristic imaging findings (uptake of radionuclide tracer on nuclear bone scan) are critical for diagnosis. The disease process is thought to be secondary to excess fluoride from voriconazole which stimulates bone formation and decreases osteoclast bone resorption. Management includes stopping voriconazole and switching to another agent.

Florid reactive periostitis of the clavicle: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Florid reactive periostitis (FRP), a rare reactive bone lesion, typically presents in the short tubular bones of the extremities, with infrequent occurrences in the long tubular bones. This report discusses a unique case of FRP in the clavicle, managed through comprehensive lesion debridement and bone grafting, yielding positive results over a 3-year duration. PATIENT CONCERN: A 25-year-old male presented with a discernible mass at the left sternal end of the clavicle, discovered incidentally 2 weeks prior. The patient exhibited no clinical signs of inflammation, pain, sinus tract, or suppuration. DIAGNOSIS: Initial pathological examination of the local excision suggested benign lesions, although malignancy could not be ruled out. A definitive diagnosis of clavicular FRP was reached post complete lesion resection, with supporting evidence from postoperative pathology, imaging, and clinical symptoms. INTERVENTION: The left clavicle was reconstructed through an open surgical procedure involving total mass removal and ipsilateral extraction of an iliac bone of suitable dimensions. This was implanted into the clavicular bone defect and internally fixed with a plate. OUTCOMES: Three years of consecutive follow-up revealed no recurrence of hyperplasia, absence of mass or tenderness at the left sternal end of the clavicle, and unimpaired function of adjacent joints. LESSONS: The primary clinical challenge with FRP is its diagnosis. While pathological diagnosis remains crucial, it is also important to incorporate imaging and clinical symptoms for a comprehensive assessment. Complete mass excision may offer specific benefits in distinguishing FRP from its malignant counterparts.

Alterações cromossômicas e periostite / Chromosomal alterations and periostitis

Introdução: A periostite é uma inflamação do periósteo que pode se estender para os tecidos moles adjacentes. Há pouca informação na literatura sobre alterações genéticas nessas lesões, as quais são reparadas por intensas reações de proliferação osteoblástica e possuem curso clínico semelhante ao das osteomielites crônicas inespecíficas, que podem evoluir para neoplasias. Objetivo: análise citogenética de amostra de periostite para detecção e descrição de alterações cromossômicas, principalmente as associadas com desenvolvimento de neoplasias. Métodos: material obtido de lesão em palato de paciente, um homem de 74 anos de idade, submetido anteriormente a cirurgias de remoção de carcinoma basocelular em nariz e cavidade oral. Após a coleta, com estudo histopatológico confirmando apenas material de periostite, a amostra foi submetida à análise citogenética a partir de cultura de células e bandamento GTG. Resultados: o cariótipo composto evidenciou, como alterações clonais, monossomia dos cromossomos 10, 15, 20 e 22; trissomia do cromossomo 22; inversão do cromossomo 12 e deleção de 15q. O grande número de alterações cromossômicas estaria relacionado com a alta taxa de proliferação celular, a qual poderia induzir replicação celular desbalanceada e instabilidade genética. Há genes, envolvidos com desenvolvimento de neoplasias, localizados nos pontos de quebra das alterações estruturais encontradas nos cromossomos 12 e 15. Conclusão: foram evidenciadas várias alterações cromossômicas que refletiriam a proliferação celular local. A análise citogenética em casos de periostite poderá auxiliar na descoberta de biomarcadores de prognóstico e ser utilizada, futuramente, na rotina médica para um melhor manejo dos pacientes.

Introduction: Periostitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues adjacent to the bone that affects the periosteum. There is little information in the literature about genetic alterations in these lesions, which are repaired by intense osteoblast proliferation reactions and present a clinical course that resembles that of nonspecific chronic osteomyelitis that may progress to neoplasms. Objective: Cytogenetic analysis of periostitis sample for detection and description of chromosomal alterations, especially those associated with cancer development. Methods: Material obtained from a palate lesion of a 74-year-old man who had previously undergone surgery to remove basal cell carcinoma in the nose and oral cavity. After collection, with a histopathological study confirming only periostitis material, the sample was submitted to a cytogenetic analysis from cell culture and GTG banding. Results: The composite karyotype showed, as clonal alterations, monosomy of chromosomes 10, 15, 20, and 22; trisomy of chromosome 22; inversion of chromosome 12, and deletion of 15q. The large number of chromosomal alterations would be related to the high rate of cell proliferation, which could induce unbalanced cell replication and genetic instability. There are genes, which are involved in the development of neoplasms, mapped at the breakpoints of structural changes found on chromosomes 12 and 15. Conclusion: Several chromosomal alterations that were observed would reflect local cell proliferation. Cytogenetic analysis of periostitis may help in the discovery of prognostic biomarkers and may be used in the medical routine for better patient management in the future.

Florid Reactive Periostitis of the Proximal Phalanx-Case Report and Literature Review / Periostite reativa florida da falange proximal - relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Abstract Florid reactive periostitis is a benign andrare lesion that is a recurrent diagnostic problem. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Florid reactive periostitis consists of a fibrotic, cartilage- producing tumor accompanied by an aggressive inflammatory periosteal and soft tissue reaction. It typically occurs in adolescents and young adults, mostly female; it often affects hand and foot bones, and it may occur in long bones. Its diagnosis remains a major challenge due to the vast possibility of differential diagnoses. Therefore, careful clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluation is required to establish a proper diagnosis. We report the case of a patientwith florid reactive periostitis in the proximal phalanx of the right index finger, who underwent surgical excision with a wide margin, from the second ray to the proximal third of the secondmetacarpal bone, and evolved without complications,with satisfactory range of motion and strength.

Resumo A periostite reativa florida éumalesão benigna e rara que constitui umproblema recorrente de diagnóstico. Sua etiopatogênese permanece desconhecida. A periostite reativa florida caracteriza- se por ser uma reação periosteal agressiva e inflamatória de tecido mole e por ser um tumor portador de fibrose e produtor de cartilagem. Ocorreemadolescentes e adultos jovens, com predomínio no sexo feminino, e acomete com frequência os ossos das mãos e pés, podendoacometer tambémossos longos.Odiagnósticopermaneceumgrandedesafiodevido à enorme possibilidade de diagnósticos diferenciais. Por isso, uma cuidadosa avaliação clínica, radiológica e patológica é necessária para fechar o diagnóstico. Relata-se o caso de umpaciente com periostite reativa florida na falange proximal do segundo dedo da mão direita, que foi submetida à excisão cirúrgica com margem ampla do segundo raio até o terço proximal do segundometacarpo, e evoluiu semqueixas, comamplitude demovimento e força satisfatória.

Caso clínico: hipofosfatasia de la niñez. Seguimiento clínico / Clinical case: childhood hypophosphatasia. Clinical follow-up

La hipofosfatasia (HP) es una enfermedad congénita, causada por mutaciones con pérdida de función en el gen ALPL que codifica la isoenzima no específica de tejido de la fosfatasa alcalina (TNSALP). Su expresión clínica es muy variable, desde casos de muerte intraútero por alteración grave de la mineralización ósea, hasta casos solo con caída prematura de la dentición. Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón al que se le diagnosticó odontohipofosfatasia a los 30 meses por pérdida temprana de piezas dentarias y niveles anormalmente bajos de fosfatasa alcalina, sin signos de raquitismo ni deformidades óseas. Durante su seguimiento, hasta los 13 años, presentó síntomas compatibles con HP infantil leve, como cansancio al caminar, incoordinación en la marcha y dolor en miembros inferiores que aumentaban con la actividad física. Ante la aparición de edema bimaleolar y poca respuesta al tratamiento con calcitonina y antiinflamatorios, se descartaron patologías infecciosas o reumáticas o ambas y se diagnosticó, por biopsia de tibia y peroné, periostitis sin detección de cristales de pirofosfato. Los controles radiológicos durante su evolución mostraron ensanchamiento metafisario en muñeca, falta de remodelado de metacarpianos, hojaldrado perióstico en tibia y peroné e hipomineralización en metáfisis tibiales, con "lenguas radiolúcidas" características de HP. Como conclusión, la hipofosfatasia debe considerarse como una entidad clínica para descartar en niños que presentan pérdida temprana de dientes. La presencia de este cuadro clínico es en general suficiente para realizar el diagnóstico de HP de la niñez. (AU)

Hypophosphatasia (HP) is a congenital disease, caused by mutations with loss of function in the gene ALPL that encodes the non-specific tissue isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Its clinical expression displays considerable variability, from cases of intrauterine death due to severe alteration of bone mineralization, to cases with only early loss of teeth. We report the case of a male, diagnosed as odontohypophosphatasia at 30 months of age due to early loss of teeth and abnormally low levels of alkaline phosphatase, without signs of rickets or bone deformities. During follow-up, up to 13 years of age, he presented symptoms consistent with mild infantile HP such as tiredness when walking, lack of gait coordination, and pain in lower limbs, especially after physical activity. Due to the appearance of bimalleolar edema and poor response to treatment with calcitonin and anti-inflammatory drugs, infectious and / or rheumatic pathologies were ruled out. Periostitis without pyrophosphate crystal detection was diagnosed by tibial and fibular biopsy. Radiological controls during follow up showed metaphyseal wrist enlargement, lack of remodeling of metacarpals, periosteal flaking in the tibia and fibula and hypomineralization in the tibial metaphysis, with "radiolucent tongues"; characteristic of HP. In conclusion, hypophosphatasia should be considered as a clinical entity in children who present early loss of teeth. The presentation of this clinical case is generally sufficient to make the diagnosis of childhood HP. (AU)

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis exhibiting predominance of periosteal reaction / Osteomielite crônica multifocal recorrente exibindo predomínio de reação periosteal

Summary Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is an idiopathic nonpyogenic autoinflammatory bone disorder involving multiple sites, with clinical progression persisting for more than 6 months and which may have episodes of remission and exacerbation in the long term. It represents up to 2-5% of the cases of osteomyelitis, with an approximate incidence of up to 4/1,000,000 individuals, and average age of disease onset estimated between 8-11 years, predominantly in females. The legs are the most affected, with a predilection for metaphyseal regions along the growth plate. We describe the case of a female patient, aged 2 years and 5 months, with involvement of the left ulna, right jaw and left tibia, showing a predominance of periosteal reaction as main finding.

Resumo Osteomielite crônica multifocal recorrente é uma desordem autoinflamatória óssea idiopática não piogênica, envolvendo vários sítios e com evolução clínica persistindo por mais de 6 meses, podendo apresentar episódios de remissão e exacerbação em longo prazo. Representa de 2 a 5% das osteomielites, com incidência aproximada de até 4/1.000.000, com idade média de apresentação estimada entre 8 e 11 anos, predominando no gênero feminino. Os membros inferiores são os mais afetados, com predileção para regiões metafisárias junto à fise. Descrevemos um caso da doença em uma menina de 2 anos e 5 meses de idade, com acometimento de ulna esquerda, mandíbula à direita e tíbia esquerda, exibindo predomínio de reação periosteal como achado principal.

Congenital syphilis with bone lesion: case report / Sífilis congênita com lesão óssea: relato de caso

ABSTRACT The authors report a case of congenital syphilis in a newborn with a bone lesion, resulting in left ankle periostitis.

RESUMO Os autores apresentam um caso de um recém-nascido portador de sífilis congênita com lesão óssea que evoluiu com periostite no tornozelo esquerdo.

Aproximación en la identificación de factores de riesgo extrínsecos del síndrome de estrés tibial interno en cadetes de la Escuela Militar Bogotá, Colombia / Approach in identifying extrinsic risk factors of the medial Tibial Stress syndrome on cadets of the Military Academy Bogotá, Colombia

El síndrome de estrés tibial interno es una enfermedad frecuente en el personal militar durante los primeros meses de su entrenamiento. Su etiología no es muy clara y en diferentes trabajos se han descrito varios factores intrínsecos de riesgo relacionados con este síndrome, pero poco se han enfocado en identificar factores extrínsecos de riesgo en el personal militar. Objetivo: Hacer una aproximación a la identificación de los factores extrínsecos de riesgo relacionados con el síndrome de estrés tibial interno en personal militar de primer y segundo nivel de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”. Metodología: La muestra la conformaron100 cadetes de la facultades de Educación Física Militar, de Ingeniería Civil y de Ciencias Militares, que contestaron dos cuestionarios: en uno se buscó identificar la presencia de síntomas y signos activos del síndrome de estrés tibial interno y, en el otro, los factores de riesgo descritos en la literatura y aquellos que a consideración del investigador podrían relacionarse con este síndrome. Resultados: El 21 % de los cadetes presentó el síndrome de estrés tibial interno. Los factores extrínsecos de riesgo identificados fueron: percibir el calzado deportivo de dotación como similar al calzado particular y realizar “repetición de la actividad” como correctivo en la formación militar. Los factores protectores identificados en los cadetes fueron: correr menos de 10 km, tener un acumulado de 20 a 30 km utilizando el calzado de dotación, percibir el calzado de dotación como pesado o similar al calzado común, desarrollar los entrenamientos físicos de su formación militar sobre la grama y realizar el correctivo militar “trote alrededor de la escuela”. Conclusion: Se logró determinar que considerar el calzado deportivo de dotación como inadecuado para el entrenamiento deportivo y someterse al correctivo militar...

Introduction: The medial tibial stress syndrome (MTES) is a common condition in military personnel during the first months of their training. Its etiology is unclear and different studies have described several intrinsic risk factors associated with this syndrome, but few have focused on identifying extrinsic risk factors in military personnel. Objective: The central aim of the study was to make an approach to the identification of extrinsic risk factors related to MTES in first year academy military personnel. Methodes: The sample consisted of 100 first year military personnel attending the physical education, civil engineering and military science pregraduate majors. They answered two questionnaires, one sought to identify cadets who had symptoms and signs of active MTES, and the second questionnaire sought to identify risk factors described in the literature and those that the researcher considered to be related to this syndrome. Results: 21% of the military personnel had MTES, and the extrinsic risk factors identified in the cadets were: perceiving the military issued sneakers as usual to the regular footwear and performing “repetition of the activity” as a corrective measure as part of the military training. Protective factors identified in the military personnel were: running less than 10 km, to have a total accumulated of 20 to 30 km using military issued boots, to perceive military issued footwear as heavy or usual to common footwear, to do the physical military training over grass and to “run to the academy premises” as a corrective measure in their military training. Conclusions: It was possible to identify that the military personnel who perceived as inadequate the military issued sneakers to perform their sports training and the military ...

Osteomielitis crónica con periostitis proliferativa / Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis

La osteomielitis crónica con periostitis proliferativa es un tipo de alteración caracterizada por una reacción periosteal exacerbada causada por un estimulo de baja intensidad, generalmente una lesión cariosa con patología periapical asociada. Actúa principalmente en niños y adolescentes con predilección por la región basilar de mandíbula. Clínicamente, se manifiesta a través de un aumento de volumen doloroso intra o extraoral, de consistencia endurecida. Radiográficamente presenta laminas óseas neoformadas, paralelas entre si con superficie cortical, observándose el aspecto típico de "cascara de cebolla". El tratamiento incluye el retiro del factor etiológico con o sin antibioterapia y posterior restablecimiento de la simetría facial del paciente. Este trabajo presenta un caso de osteomielitis crónica con periostitis proliferativa en una paciente de sexo femenino de 11 años de edad, causada por una lesión cariosa en el primer molar inferior izquierdo, quien fue sometida a exodoncia del diente comprometido con posterior restablecimiento de la simetría facial.

Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis is a kind of osteomyelitis that is characterized by a great periosteal reaction resulting of low grade stimulation, usually a caries lesion associated a periapical pathology. It affects especially children and young adults, with the mandible as the most common site, usually in the inferior aspect. Clinically presents as a painless hard swelling intra and/or extra-oral. Radiographic aspects include bone layers new formed, parallel to each other and to the underlying cortical surface, giving the characteristic appearance of "onion skin". Treatment includes elimination of the cause, with or without antibiotics, being restored the facial symmetry of patient. The present article is a clinical case report of chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis affecting a female 11 year old patient, caused by a caries lesion in the left permanent first molar, that was submissed to a exodontia and the facial symmetry of the patient was restored with management.

Computed tomography findings of periostitis ossificans

Periostitis ossificans (PO) is a type of chronic osteomyelitis, an inflammation of cortical and cancellous bone. In the maxillo facial region, the mandible is most frequently affected. The cause of inflammatory subperiosteal bone production in PO is spread of infection from a bacterial focus (e.g.: odontogenic disease, pulpal or periodontal infection, and extraction wounds). This pathology is most commonin younger people (mean age of 13 years). Conventional radiographs are one of the most usefultools for diagnosis, but in some cases computed tomography (CT) has a key role in both diagnosis and identification of the tissues involved. This paper reports two cases of PO in which CT help edestablishing the suspicious etiology: a 12-year-old boy with PO of pulpal origin and a 14-year-old boy with PO of periodontal origin.

Ressonância magnética na avaliação das reações periosteais / Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of periosteal reactions

O objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é estimular a avaliação cuidadosa das reações periosteais nas imagens de ressonância magnética. A abordagem inicial das lesões ósseas é realizada por meio das radiografias simples e pela avaliação destas se faz a classificação das reações periosteais em subtipos clássicos. Embora a ressonância magnética seja considerada o padrão ouro para o estadiamento regional das neoplasias ósseas, seu uso no estudo das reações periosteais relacionadas às lesões ósseas focais tem sido relativamente pouco enfatizado. A revisão da literatura evidencia um modelo experimental animal de osteomielite que sugere que a ressonância magnética seja superior às outras técnicas de imagem na identificação precoce das reações periosteais. Outro estudo encontrado na literatura sugere boa correlação entre as radiografias simples e as imagens de ressonância magnética na identificação e na classificação das reações periosteais no osteossarcoma. Neste ensaio foram ilustrados casos de reações periosteais observadas pela ressonância magnética, correlacionado-as com as radiografias convencionais ou com outros métodos de diagnóstico por imagem.

The objective of the present essay was to encourage a careful evaluation of periosteal reactions on magnetic resonance images. The initial approach to bone lesions is made by conventional radiography and, based on the imaging findings, periosteal reactions are classified into classical subtypes. Although magnetic resonance imaging is considered as the gold standard for local staging of bone tumors, the utilization of such method in the study of periosteal reactions related to focal bone lesions has been poorly emphasized, with relatively few studies approaching this subject. The literature review revealed a study describing an experimental animal model of osteomyelitis suggesting that magnetic resonance imaging is superior to other imaging methods in the early identification of periosteal reactions. Another study has suggested a good correlation between conventional radiography and magnetic resonance imaging in the identification and classification of periosteal reactions in cases of osteosarcoma. The present essay illustrates cases of periosteal reactions observed at magnetic resonance imaging in correlation with findings of conventional radiography or other imaging methods.

O papel do periósteo nos procedimentos ortopédicos como exemplo de sua capacidade reparatória / The role of the periosteum in orthopedic procedures: an example of its reparative ability

Na Ortopedia, o periósteo adquire relevância por estar associado à morfologia óssea, que pode ser modificada pelas demandas funcionais, contribuindo enormemente com o dinamismo oferecido pela remodelação, ou turnover, óssea. Estudar mais profundamente a capacidade adaptativa, reacional e reparatória do periósteo nos permite entender: 1) o comando dos osteócitos na determinação da morfologia óssea, inclusive durante o movimento dentário induzido; 2) a expansão rápida do palato e as mudanças ocorridas na forma da maxila; 3) o deslocamento mandibular por aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais; 4) a etiopatogenia da periostite ossificante, antigamente denominada de osteomielite de Garrè; 5) a “expansão” das corticais durante os crescimentos císticos e tumorais. Nesse trabalho, discorre-se sobre os eventos celulares e teciduais das reações periosteais e suas extrapolações clínicas.

Alterações ósseas em lactentes com sífilis congênita / Bone changes in infants with congenital syphilis

Introdução: a sífilis causa morbidade na vida intrauterina, desfechos negativos em mais de 50% dos casos e complicações nos nascidos vivos. Lesões ósseas são frequentes na sífilis congênita (SC), ocorrendo em 70 a 100% dos casos. Objetivo: relatar casos de dez lactentes com diagnóstico de SC precoce e alterações ósseas ao exame radiológico de ossos longos, acompanhados no Serviço de Infectologia do HINSG. Relato dos casos: dez lactentes apresentaram lesões ósseas, entre crianças internadas com SC no HINSG, seis do sexo feminino e quatro do masculino. Metade era proveniente da Grande Vitória, três do interior e dois da Bahia. Dois tinham menos de 1 mês de vida. Seis das mães fizeram pré-natal, três tiveram o diagnóstico de sífilis na gestação e apenas uma foi adequadamente tratada. Duas crianças apresentaram osteomielite, sendo uma com lesão lítica na tíbia e as demais tiveram periostite. Mais de um osso foi afetado em seis lactentes. Os ossos mais afetados foram: tíbia (7/10), fêmur (6/10), úmero (5/10), rádio (2/10) e ulna (2/10). Sintoma comum entre todos foi choro frequente ao movimento de membros superiores ou inferiores, motivo de as mães terem procurado o serviço médico. Discussão: alterações radiológicas são importantes no diagnóstico de SC. Neste estudo, 60% das mães fizeram pré-natal, uma foi tratada corretamente e nenhuma das crianças foi diagnosticada e tratada logo após o nascimento, somente recebendo medicação adequada após o diagnóstico no nosso serviço. Alterações radiológicas da SC podem acontecer em tempo variado após a instalação da infecção. Podem ocorrer diferentes lesões, que incluem lesões da SC precoce: osteomielite diafisária, osteítes e periostite. Osteocondrite afeta áreas da cartilagem em crescimento. Lesões da SC tardia são severas, podem causar deformidades físicas e fratura patológica na criança, necrose de osso e osteólise no adulto e, às vezes associam-se a infecção piogênica ou difusão para tecidos adjacentes, com formações de fístulas cutâneas indolores.

Introduction: syphilis morbidity in intra-uterine life, produces negative outcomes in more than 50% of cases and complications in live births. Bone injuries are frequent in congenital syphilis (CS), occurring in 70 to 100% of the cases. Objective: to report cases of ten infants diagnosed with early SC and bone changes to the radiological examination of long bones, accompanied in the infectology service of HINSG. Case report: ten infants had bone injuries among children hospitalized with CS in HINSG, six female and four male. Half of the metropolitan region of Vitória, two from the interior and three from state of Bahia. Two were less than a month old. Six of the mothers had prenatal care, three were diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy and only one was properly treated. Two children had osteomyelitis, and with a lytic lesion in the tibia and the other had periostitis. More than one bone was affected in six infants. Bones most affected: tibia (7/10), femur (6/10), humerus (5/10), radio (2/10) and ulna (2/10). Common symptom among all were frequent crying with movement of members. Reason why mothers have sought medical service. Discussion: changes are important in radiological diagnosis of CS. In thisstudy 60% of mothers have prenatal care, one was treated correctly and none of the children were diagnosed and treated soon after birth, only receiving proper medication after diagnosis in our service. Radiological changes of CS may happen after installation according to time of infection. Various injuries may occur, including injuries of CS early: osteomyelitis diaphyseal, osteítes and periostitis. Osteochondritis affects cartilage in areas of growth. Injury of late CS are severe, can cause physical de formities and pathological fracture in children, necrosis of bone and osteolysis in adults and sometimes linking up with pyogenic infection or spread to adjacent tissues, with formation of fistulas skin painless.

Osteoartropatia hipertrófica secundária ao carcinoma broncogênico (síndrome de Pierre-Marie-Bamberger) / Hyperthrophic osteoarthropathy associated with bronchogenic carcinoma (Pierre-Marie-Bamberger syndrome)

Descreveremos um raro e memorável caso de osteoartropatia hipertrófica (OAH), cujos sinais e sintomas osteoarticulares da síndrome conduzem ao diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de pulmão em uma paciente assintomática respiratória. Discutiremos também as diversas particularidades da síndrome, fazendo uma revisão da literatura. Nesta revisão, destacaremos alguns dos novos aspectos de sua obscura etiopatogenia, seu diagnóstico diferencial com doenças reumáticas clássicas e os achados singulares da ressonância magnética, que podem, inclusive, preceder os do RX convencional.

Transplantar lâminas de cortical com periósteo cria um novo ambiente para a osteogênese e osseointegração: fundamentos, ou, Biologia do reparo ósseo em restauração dentoalveolar imediata, ou, Por que na restauração dentoalveolar imediata o transplante não necrosa ou sequestra / Transplant cortical blades of periosteum creates a new environment to osteogenesis and osseointegration: fundamentals, or, Biology of bone repair in immediate dentoalveolar restoration, or, Why in immediate dentoalveolar restoration a transplant does not necrose or sequester

Na técnica da Restauração Dentoalveolar Imediata o reparo ósseo observado quando associado ao sucesso clínico funcional e estético permitiu-nos ressaltar o papel biológico do periósteo na sua função de compartimentalizar o ambiente ósseo e também a sua capacidade reacional osteogênica. O periósteo sobre a cortical impede que células dos tecidos vizinhos colonizem o coágulo sanguíneo e o tecido de granulação nas cavidades e superfícies ósseas. Além de atuar como barreira física, o periósteo fornece os vasos sanguíneos para os ossos e apresenta uma efetiva capacidade osteogênica reacional frente a estímulos de baixa intensidade e longa duração caracterizada por novas camadas ósseas depositadas sobre a cortical, um fenômeno denominado de Periostite Ossificante.

Osteoartropatía hipertrófica hepática en un niño con enfermedad colestática / Hepatic hipertrophic osteoarthropathy in a child with cholestatic disease

La osteoartropatía hipertrófica hepática es una rara entidad que se asocia con enfermedades hepáticas graves, en especial relacionadas con colestasis crónica.Se define por la presencia de hipocratismo digital, reacción perióstica y artritis. Describimos el caso de un paciente con osteoartropatía hipertróficahepática que se desarrolló después de un cuadro de enfermedad hepática con colestasis persistente,quien presentó poliartritis que imposibilitaba ladeambulación. Los signos clínicos y radiológicos desaparecieron después del trasplante hepático.Palabras clave: osteoartropatía hipertrófica, colestasis,niños.