Psychosis in cocaine intoxication.

Background: Cocaine overdose is a condition in which an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and depth of breath is observed. Cocaine consumption also causes a wide and well-known neuropsychiatric symptomatology that is characterized by incomprehensible behavior, confused and disordered thoughts, and paranoia. Cocaine addiction is a worldwide public health problem, which has somatic, psychological, psychiatric, socio-economic, and judicial complications. Case series: This work shows three cases in which cocaine poisoning and overdose caused a psychotic and extremely violent behavior in the hours leading up to the death of the subjects. Conclusion: The aim of this brief case series is to suggest some diagnostic criteria for the correct definition of this psychosis in order to make an early diagnosis crucial to prevent deaths related to it.

Steroid-induced psychosis: a spectrum of neuropsychiatric glucocorticoid side effects.

Glucocorticoid-induced neuropsychiatric side effects have been known since their initial usage and frequently manifest in clinical settings. Despite this, they remain unpredictable, variable and complex to manage, impacting patient outcomes and the healthcare system.We report a case of glucocorticoid-induced psychosis after the administration of dexamethasone post-neurosurgical intervention and its evolution with the initiation of chemotherapy. Although initially manic symptoms were prominent, with the beginning of chemotherapy psychotic symptoms dominated the clinical presentation, followed by depressive symptoms. Despite challenges in diagnosis and management, including adverse reactions to antipsychotic treatment, this case provides critical insights into the variable and dynamic nature of neuropsychiatric side effects induced by glucocorticoids.

Drug-induced psychosis following use of Ayahuasca: a presentation to forensic psychiatric services.

Ayahuasca is a plant-based psychoactive decoction, traditionally used by indigenous Amazonian peoples, which commonly contains the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). There is now growing interest across the Western world in psychedelics including Ayahuasca.This case describes a previously well male with no risk factors for adverse psychiatric outcomes or forensic history. Following controlled Ayahuasca use, he developed an enduring psychotic episode, during which he significantly assaulted a relative and was admitted to a forensic psychiatric unit. He was treated with the antipsychotic aripiprazole, and his psychotic symptoms abated. 18 months following his admission, recovery has been sustained.Previous case reports have described psychosis following Ayahuasca ingestion, but typically of short duration in patients with a personal or family history of psychiatric illness, or in those taking other substances. With the growing use of Ayahuasca, it is important to highlight that adverse effects may include more prolonged psychotic symptoms and the risk of psychotically mediated violence.

Os alcances e limites da medicalização do risco para a psicose: a emergência de uma nova categoria? / Scope and limits of medicalization of the risk for psychosis: emergence of a new category?

O objetivo do artigo consistiu em discutir a medicalização do risco para a psicose; especificamente, a construção de uma nova categoria diagnóstica quevem sendo realizada pela força-tarefa de elaboração do DS M-5, nomeada “síndrome de risco para a psicose” e,mais recentemente, “síndrome dos sintomas psicóticos atenuados”. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisãobibliográfica. Foi realizado um breve relato da genealogia do risco na psiquiatria. Na parte inicial do artigo, procurou-se discutir a medicalização de uma forma mais geral, focandosobre os aspectos do controle social e das tecnologias do self, sob uma ótica foucaultiana. Posteriormente, foi dadaênfase ao processo da medicalização do risco para a psicose; em especial, à construção de uma categoria relacionadaa esse risco. Dentre os alcances desse processo, destacouse a possibilidade de se intervir precocemente na psicosee com isso retardar seu início. Ainda não está claro se a intervenção precoce pode reduzir a gravidade do quadroquando instalado ou mesmo impedir seu aparecimento. Quanto aos limites, mostrou-se o risco de se produzir umahipermedicalização com a construção da categoria, levando ao uso indiscriminado de medicamentos neurolépticos e aos riscos relacionados a esse uso, bem como à estigmatizaçãodos indivíduos incluídos na categoria. Foi mostrado também o problema do elevado número de indivíduos “falsospositivos”, ou seja, indivíduos que serão categorizados e mais tarde não desenvolverão qualquer transtorno psicótico. Procurou-se com o trabalho estabelecer uma crítica consistente à construção da categoria nosológica em questão.

Psicosis inducida por corticoides en un adolescente: reporte de un caso clínico / Corticosteroid – induced psychosis in an adolescent: a clinical case report

La psicosis inducida por corticoides es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente dentro de la práctica psiquiátrica infanto-juvenil. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 14 años que recibió terapia corticoidal intramuscular, endovenosa y oral para tratar un cuadro alérgico, que debuta posteriormente con un episodio psicótico a los pocos días de haber finalizado dicho tratamiento. Se muestrla presentación clínica, el enfrentamiento diagnóstico-terapéutico inicial, el manejo de especialidad y el seguimiento posterior.

The Corticosteroid induced psychosis is a rare clinical entity within the child and adolescent psychiatric practice. We report a case of a 14 years adolescent that received intramuscular, intravenous and oral corticosteroid therapy to treat an allergy, who debuts later with a psychotic episode a few days after finishing such treatment. It is shown the clinical presentation, the initial diagnostic and therapeutic confrontation, the specialist management and the follow up.

Psychosis during peginterferon-alpha2a and ribavirin therapy: case report

Pegylated Interferon-alpha, combined with ribavirin, gives high sustained virological response in patients with hepatitis C virus, an important public health problem and one of the most frequent chronic infectious diseases worldwide. Though it has therapeutic benefits, treatment with IFN-alpha may be complicated by various side effects, especially symptoms of major depression and acute mania. Psychosis is a rare side effect, and its management usually includes discontinuation of IFN-alpha. We report a case of psychotic disorder that occurred during therapy with pegylated Interferon-alpha given associated with ribavirin. After good response to psychiatric treatment, it became possible to finish the anti-viral therapy.

Psicose induzida por corticoides / Corticoid induced psychosis

O transtorno mental induzido por corticoides e um dos efeitos colaterais mais frequentemente associados ao uso destas drogas. Tende a ocorrer nos primeiros dias de terapia, sendo principal fator de risco o uso de doses superiores a 40 mg/dia de prednisona ou equivalente. O quadro psicotico tende a apresentar-se com grande variedade de sintomas esquizofrenicos, afetivos, ou cerebrais organicos, podendo alterar seu padrao durante a mesma crise, nao havendo uma forma tipica. A profilaxia, utilizando a menor dose de esteroides compativel com o efeito clinico desejado, e fundamental. Com o desenvolvimento do surto, esta indicada a retirada do farmaco. Abordam-se as possibilidades terapeuticas, caso a retirada do corticoide seja contra-indicada ou inefetiva. Tambem sao discutidas outras medidas profilaticas.