RESUMO
Every surgeon may have experienced a tragic event associated with death or debilitation secondary to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) after foot and ankle trauma and surgery. Nevertheless, the prevention of such a tragic event needs to be carefully evaluated rationally with currently available epidemiologic data. With great postoperative protocols and access to care, most PE events can be prevented. There are modifiable risk factors, such as length/type of immobilization and operative trauma/time that can lower the incidence of DVT/PE. In addition, chemical prophylaxis may be warranted in certain people within the foot and ankle trauma population.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Tornozelo , Traumatismos do Pé , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/complicações , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , IncidênciaRESUMO
Las úlceras pueden aparecer sobre protuberancias óseas, como las falanges proximales o los codos, pero es más probable que sean secundarias a la piel tensa y al trauma y no respondan a la terapia vasodilatadora. Todas las úlceras son muy dolorosas. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar aspectos relacionados con la atención de las úlceras digitales en la esclerodermia, según la experiencia de diferentes autores. En reumatología, se recomienda, en todo paciente con dolor reumático crónico, calcular la intensidad del dolor, tanto para la elección primera del tratamiento analgésico como para la medición de la respuesta. Y, para ello, se han propuesto varios métodos de cuantificación. El manejo de las úlceras digitales en la esclerodermia incluye la intervención no farmacológica, farmacológica y quirúrgica. El uso de nitratos, infusiones de acetilcisteína, el gel de vitamina E, entre otros métodos mejoran el tiempo de curación en pacientes con esclerodermia. La falta de terapias aprobadas por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos para las ulceraciones digitales garantiza un enfoque y una atención renovados para encontrar opciones de tratamiento significativas. Los médicos deberán emplear un enfoque terapéutico multifacético para optimizar el tratamiento de úlceras digitales existente y evitar la formación de nuevas lesiones para proporcionar a los pacientes la mejor calidad de vida(AU)
Ulcers can occur on bony bumps, such as the proximal phalanges or elbows, but are more likely to be secondary to tight skin and trauma and not responsive to vasodilator therapy. All ulcers are characteristically very painful. To present aspects related to the management of digital ulcers in scleroderma based on the experience of different authors. The management of digital ulcers in scleroderma includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical intervention. The use of nitrates, infusions of acetylcysteine, Vitamin E Gel, among other methods, improve the healing time in patients with scleroderma. The lack of US Food and Drug Administration approved therapies for digital ulcerations ensures a renewed focus and attention on finding meaningful treatment options. Clinicians should employ a multi-faceted therapeutic approach to optimize existing digital ulcers treatment and avoid new lesion formation to provide patients with the best quality of life(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Raynaud/complicações , Doença de Raynaud/terapia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Traumatismos do Pé/prevenção & controle , EquadorRESUMO
Introducción: La enfermedad tromboembólica es una de las complicaciones serias en la cirugía ortopédica. La tromboprofilaxis para las cirugías de tobillo y pie no está estandarizada, porque la incidencia es baja, según la bibliografía. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar un algoritmo de prevención para la trombosis venosa profunda y una revisión de la bibliografía. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados entre 2011 y 2017. La muestra estaba integrada por 696 hombres (28,98%) y 1706 mujeres (71,02%), con un promedio de edad de 51 años (rango 20-82). Se realizaron 2402 procedimientos, 575 (23,94%) fueron por patologías traumáticas y 1827 (76,06%), por patologías ortopédicas. Resultados: Nueve pacientes (0,37%) presentaron trombosis venosa profunda y solo dos, tromboembolismo pulmonar (0,08%). Los procedimientos en los que ocurrieron fueron: artroscopia, reparación aguda del tendón de Aquiles, hallux valgus y fractura del 5.° metatarsiano. Conclusiones: Se recomienda un enfoque multimodal para la profilaxis de la trombosis venosa profunda. Esto incluye abordar los factores de riesgo modificables, mediante la profilaxis mecánica, la movilización temprana y la profilaxis química. La heparina de bajo peso molecular es eficaz para reducir la tasa de trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolismo pulmonar. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major complication in orthopedic surgery. According to the literature, thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery is not a standardized practice due to the low incidence of DVT. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of surgical patients. Between 2011 and 2017, 1591 surgeries were performed, 6 of them due to symptomatic DVT. Results: The incidence of DVT in major orthopedic surgeries, such as knee and hip, is well documented, but there are only a few reports about its incidence in foot and ankle surgery. It is considered a relatively rare complication in many published studies; thus, preventive drug therapy is not routine practice. Conclusions: A multimodal approach to DVT prophylaxis for high-risk patients is recommended. All risk factors should be addressed, such as mechanical prophylaxis, early mobilization, and the use of chemoprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin is effective in reducing the rate of clinically significant DVT and is also likely to reduce the rate of pulmonary embolism. Level of Evidence: IV
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Tornozelo/complicações , Traumatismos do Pé/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Trombose Venosa/prevenção & controle , Trombose Venosa/terapiaRESUMO
Pseudoaneurysm of the pedal artery is an uncommon condition that is usually caused by a traumatic injury or an iatrogenic intervention. The patient usually complains of an enlarging painless, pulsatile mass. We report a previously healthy 49 years old male presenting with a pulsatile mass of his left foot and a history of a traumatic lesion in the zone three months ago. A Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm of the pedal artery of 2.6 x 1.5 cm diameter. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass and suture ligation of the artery. The postoperative period was uneventful.
Los pseudoaneurismas de la arteria pedia son infrecuentes y habitualmente se generan secundariamente a un traumatismo o a una intervención iatrogénica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente sano de 49 años que presenta un aumento de volumen pulsátil 3 meses posterior al traumatismo contuso de su pie izquierdo. En el doppler color se evidencia la presencia de un pseudoaneurisma de la arteria pedia de 2,64 x 1,53 cm. El paciente fue intervenido con resección y ligadura de la arteria con buena evolución postoperatoria.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Falso Aneurisma , Artérias/lesões , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Fluxo Pulsátil , Pé/irrigação sanguínea , Ultrassonografia Doppler em CoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Marjolin's ulcer forms part of a group of neoplasms that originate in a burn scar, a phenomenon associated with superficial tissue trauma. The frequency of Marjolin's ulcer is low and represents between 2 and 5% of all squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. This condition is found three times more frequently in men than in women and is thought to be more aggressive than conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases of squamous cell carcinoma that originated on a burn scar. 41 year old woman with gasoline burn on the left foot, 3 months old, in whom an exofitic ulcerated lesion on the right calcaneum region has evolved since she was 32 years old. Left transtibial amputation was decided. Another woman who started its suffering 9 years after a thorax burn with a progressive fungus lesion on the scar area. For its size and as it was a high degree neoplasia, surgical resection and radiotherapy to the zone of the primary with 50 Gy in 25 fractions was decided. CONCLUSIONS: Marjolin's ulcer usually occurs in old burn sites that were not skin grafted and were left to heal secondarily. Although it is believed that there is a latency period of 25-40 years after burn injury before the occurrence of malignancy, this may occur in a period as short as 3 months. Recurrence after radical surgery is 14.7%. Nonetheless, because of the aggressive behavior of this type of cancer, appropriate radical treatment allows an adequate control of the disease. Early grafting of the burn site can prevent the formation a malignant neoplasm. This condition should be suspected in a non-healing chronic ulcer on a burn scar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Cicatriz/complicações , Doenças do Pé/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Queimaduras/complicações , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Progressão da Doença , Dorso , Terapia Combinada , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Cicatriz/patologia , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Doenças do Pé/radioterapia , Doenças do Pé/cirurgia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Fatores de Tempo , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Traumatismos do Pé/cirurgia , Úlcera Cutânea/diagnósticoRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un paciente oriundo y procedente del Paraguay, de 40 años de edad, portador de una ulceración crónica en cara externa del pie izquierdo, de 2 meses de evolución, debida a una hialohifomicosis por Fusarium oxysporum. Se destacan las características clínicas, métodos de diagnóstico y terapeútica de esta micosis, además de las diferentes etiologías a considerar en el diagnóstico diferencial de una úlcera en personas procedentes del área tropical o subtropical.
A case of cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis, due to Fusarium oxysporum, in a 40 years old man is presented. The patient came from Paraguay where he worked in a tropical rural area. His disease had begun 2 months before his admission as a skin ulcer located in the left leg. Clinical characteristics, diagnosis methods, differential diagnosis with other ulcers of the legs in tropical areas as well as therapeutic measures are discussed in this presentation.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Dermatomicoses , Fusarium , Úlcera do Pé/patologia , Biópsia , Dermatomicoses , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Paraguai , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/microbiologiaRESUMO
In Barbados diabetics with foot problems account for 80of the patients in the female and 50of those in the male general surgery wards, and many patients have major amputations for preventable problems. A six month prospective study was undertaken of all cases admitted with foot problems to the general surgical wards of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) in order to determine the quality of foot care, particularly among diabetics. 67.5of the 195 patients (55female) admitted to the study were diabetic, most of whom were diagnosed 10 to 19 years previously. Most of the patients were 70 to 80 years old, but significantly more diabetics than non-diabetics were 40 to 70 years old. Foot problems in diabetics were precipitated by events that are considered trivial in non-diabetic patients. 87 (58) of 150 responding patients had their feet inspected by health personnel in the previous year. 47 (63.5) of the 74 who responded about the care of their nails said that they took care of their nails themselves. Nearly 40of diabetic and non-diabetic patients had no reported source of care before their admission. 14 patients (10 diabetic) sought care the same day and 11 (nine diabetics) the day after noticing foot problems. Most patients presented with infection as part of their problem; recognition of the early signs of infection should be an integral part of the education of the diabetic patient. Educational efforts for patients must be continually reinforced because many patients said they had had no education about the care of their feet in the previous year.