The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, adverse events,
treatment adherence and
effectiveness of
isoniazid chemoprophylaxis were analyzed in a cohort of 138
tuberculosis/
HIV-coinfected
patients. An open, non-randomized, pragmatic prophylactic trial was conducted on
adult patients with a normal
chest X-ray and positive
tuberculin skin test (> 5 mm)
who received
isoniazid chemoprophylaxis (300 mg/day) for six months. The mean of follow up was 2.8 years (SD 1.3). Adherence to
chemoprophylaxis was 87.7 percent (121/138). Only one
patient presented
tuberculosis after the end of
chemoprophylaxis, corresponding to 0.3 cases per 100
persons per year. The
relative risk of some
adverse effects was 4.6 times higher (95 percent CI 1.9-11.5) in
patients with positive anti-HCV
serology (4/9, 44.4 percent) compared to those with negative
serology (12/129, 9.6 percent) (p = 0.002). This study provides evidence regarding the
effectiveness and
safety of a short and
self-administered
isoniazid regimen. We recommend the implementation of this routine by
health service practitioners.