Comparison of sequential swallowing in patients with acute stroke and healthy adults.

OBJECTIVES: To compare hyolaryngeal complex (HLC) movement and leading-edge-of-the-bolus location patterns of sequential swallowing in patients with stroke and healthy adults, and to determine whether these patterns affect swallowing safety. DESIGN: Between-groups comparison. SETTING: Veterans hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutively admitted patients with acute unilateral supratentorial stroke (right hemisphere damage, n=13; left hemisphere damage, n=16) and age-matched healthy participants (n=25). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HLC movement pattern, bolus location, Penetration-Aspiration (P-A) Scale score. RESULTS: No significant group differences were observed for HLC movement pattern, bolus location, and P-A Scale score. Specific HLC movement patterns and bolus location were not associated with a higher P-A Scale score. A significant correlation between HLC movement pattern and bolus location was observed. Bolus location was typically inferior to the valleculae between swallows when the HLC was partially elevated. Across all groups, P-A Scale scores were significantly higher during sequential swallowing than single swallows. CONCLUSIONS: HLC movement pattern and bolus location do not appear related to airway invasion, at least in persons without significant dysphagia. Given higher P-A Scale scores during sequential swallowing as compared with single swallows, sequential swallowing should always be evaluated in all patients.