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Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Deficits after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Liu, Xixia; Qiu, Jianhua; Alcon, Sasha; Hashim, Jumana; Meehan, William P; Mannix, Rebekah.
Afiliação
  • Liu X; 1 People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning, People's Republic of China .
  • Qiu J; 2 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Alcon S; 3 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Hashim J; 2 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Meehan WP; 2 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Mannix R; 2 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.
J Neurotrauma ; 34(16): 2445-2455, 2017 08 15.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28376667
ABSTRACT
Although environmental enrichment has been shown to improve functional and histologic outcomes in pre-clinical moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), there are a paucity of pre-clinical data regarding enrichment strategies in the setting of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Given the vast numbers of athletes and those in the military who sustain rmTBI, the mounting evidence of the long-term and progressive sequelae of rmTBI, and the lack of targeted therapies to mitigate these sequelae, successful enrichment interventions in rmTBI could have large public health significance. Here, we evaluated enrichment strategies in an established pre-clinical rmTBI model. Seventy-one male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to two different housing conditions, environmental enrichment (EE) or normal condition (NC), then subjected to rmTBI injury (seven injuries in 9 days) or sham injury (anesthesia only). Functional outcomes in all four groups (NC-TBI, EE-TBI, NC-sham, and EE-sham) were assessed by motor, exploratory/anxiety, and mnemonic behavioral tests. At the synaptic level, N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit expression of phosphorylated glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and calpain were evaluated by western blot. Compared to injured NC-TBI mice, EE-TBI mice had improved memory and decreased anxiety and exploratory activity post-injury. Treatment with enrichment also corresponded to normal NMDAR subunit expression, decreased GluR1 phosphorylation, decreased phosphorylated CaMKII, and normal calpain expression post-rmTBI. These data suggest that enrichment strategies may improve functional outcomes and mitigate synaptic changes post-rmTBI. Given that enrichment strategies are feasible in the clinical setting, particularly for athletes and soldiers for whom the risk of repetitive injury is greatest, these data suggest that clinical trials may be warranted.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Comportamento Animal / Concussão Encefálica / Recuperação de Função Fisiológica / Abrigo para Animais Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Comportamento Animal / Concussão Encefálica / Recuperação de Função Fisiológica / Abrigo para Animais Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article