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Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance with Mass Azithromycin Distribution.
Doan, Thuy; Worden, Lee; Hinterwirth, Armin; Arzika, Ahmed M; Maliki, Ramatou; Abdou, Amza; Zhong, Lina; Chen, Cindi; Cook, Catherine; Lebas, Elodie; O'Brien, Kieran S; Oldenburg, Catherine E; Chow, Eric D; Porco, Travis C; Lipsitch, Marc; Keenan, Jeremy D; Lietman, Thomas M.
Afiliação
  • Doan T; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Worden L; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Hinterwirth A; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Arzika AM; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Maliki R; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Abdou A; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Zhong L; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Chen C; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Cook C; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Lebas E; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • O'Brien KS; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Oldenburg CE; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Chow ED; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Porco TC; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Lipsitch M; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Keenan JD; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
  • Lietman TM; From the Francis I. Proctor Foundation (T.D., L.W., A.H., L.Z., C. Chen, C. Cook, E.L., K.S.O., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), the Departments of Ophthalmology (T.D., C.E.O., T.C.P., J.D.K., T.M.L.), Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.E.O., T.C.P., T.M.L.), and Biochemistry and Biophysics (E.D.C.),
N Engl J Med ; 383(20): 1941-1950, 2020 11 12.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33176084
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Mass distribution of azithromycin to preschool children twice yearly for 2 years has been shown to reduce childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa but at the cost of amplifying macrolide resistance. The effects on the gut resistome, a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the body, of twice-yearly administration of azithromycin for a longer period are unclear.

METHODS:

We investigated the gut resistome of children after they received twice-yearly distributions of azithromycin for 4 years. In the Niger site of the MORDOR trial, we enrolled 30 villages in a concurrent trial in which they were randomly assigned to receive mass distribution of either azithromycin or placebo, offered to all children 1 to 59 months of age every 6 months for 4 years. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline, 36 months, and 48 months for analysis of the participants' gut resistome. The primary outcome was the ratio of macrolide-resistance determinants in the azithromycin group to those in the placebo group at 48 months.

RESULTS:

Over the entire 48-month period, the mean (±SD) coverage was 86.6±12% in the villages that received placebo and 83.2±16.4% in the villages that received azithromycin. A total of 3232 samples were collected during the entire trial period; of the samples obtained at the 48-month monitoring visit, 546 samples from 15 villages that received placebo and 504 from 14 villages that received azithromycin were analyzed. Determinants of macrolide resistance were higher in the azithromycin group than in the placebo group 7.4 times as high (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0 to 16.7) at 36 months and 7.5 times as high (95% CI, 3.8 to 23.1) at 48 months. Continued mass azithromycin distributions also selected for determinants of nonmacrolide resistance, including resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, an antibiotic class prescribed frequently in this region of Africa.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among villages assigned to receive mass distributions of azithromycin or placebo twice yearly for 4 years, antibiotic resistance was more common in the villages that received azithromycin than in those that received placebo. This trial showed that mass azithromycin distributions may propagate antibiotic resistance. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02047981.).
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Azitromicina / Macrolídeos / Farmacorresistência Bacteriana / Microbioma Gastrointestinal / Administração Massiva de Medicamentos / Antibacterianos País/Região como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2020 Tipo de documento: Article
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Azitromicina / Macrolídeos / Farmacorresistência Bacteriana / Microbioma Gastrointestinal / Administração Massiva de Medicamentos / Antibacterianos País/Região como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2020 Tipo de documento: Article