Is radiological psoas muscle area measurement a predictor of postoperative complications after rectal resection for rectal cancer? A retrospective study.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have reported that sarcopenia increases the risk of postoperative complications following colorectal resection. This retrospective study assessed the postoperative complications of rectal resection associated with sarcopenia. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients who underwent curative low anterior resection for primary rectal cancer from January 2008 to May 2020 at our institution. The patients were divided into a sarcopenia group (normalized total psoas muscle area < 6.36 cm2/m2 in males and < 3.92 cm2/m2 in females; N = 49) and a non-sarcopenia group (N = 213). RESULTS: The overall rate of postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (46.9 vs. 29.6%; P = 0.028). The rate of postoperative remote infections was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (12.2 vs. 2.8%; P = 0.012). Sarcopenia was found to be a predictor of remote infection by a multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 4.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-14.80; P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia diagnosed using the psoas muscle index was found to be an independent predictive factor for postoperative remote infection after curative low anterior resection for rectal cancer.