The importance of fecal nucleic acid detection in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT

Pooled data from 2352 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with viral RNA in feces across 46 studies were analyzed and the pooled prevalence of fecal RNA was 46.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.383-0.554). The pooled analysis showed that the occurrence of total gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was 28.5% (95% CI 0.125-0.44) in COVID-19 patients with fecal RNA, that of both respiratory and GI symptoms was 21.9% (95% CI 0.09-0.346), that of only GI symptoms was 19.8% (95% CI 0.107-0.288), and that of only respiratory symptoms was 50.5%（95% CI 0.267-0.744). The pooled data showed no significant difference in positive fecal RNA between severe and nonsevere cases (odds ratio = 2.009, p = 0.079, 95% CI 0.922-4.378). During hospital admission, after samples from the respiratory system tested negative for viral RNA, 55.4% (95% CI 0.418-0.669) of the patients with positive fecal RNA had persistent shedding of fecal RNA and pooled results from the other 4 studies including 848 discharged patients with nucleic acid-negative stool samples indicated that the occurrence of repositive stool swabs was 18.1% (95% CI 0.028-0.335), that of repositive respiratory swabs was 22.8% (95% CI 0.003-0.452), that of both repositive stool and respiratory swabs was 19.1% (95% CI 0.019-0.363), and that of only repositive stool swabs was 9.6% (95% CI 0.010-0.203). The digestive tract may be an important organ involved in COVID-19 infection and in the excretion of the virus. Because of the potential risk of fecal-oral transmission, giving emphasis on stool swab tests can help increase the detection rate of asymptomatic carriers and reduce missed diagnoses.