Beliefs About Medicines Predict Side-Effects of Placebo Modafinil.
Ann Behav Med
; 56(10): 989-1001, 2022 10 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35512392
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Patients receiving placebo in clinical trials often report side-effects (nocebo effects), but contributing factors are still poorly understood.PURPOSE:
Using a sham trial of the cognition-enhancing "smart pill" Modafinil we tested whether medication beliefs and other psychological factors predicted detection and attribution of symptoms as side-effects to placebo.METHODS:
Healthy students (n = 201) completed measures assessing beliefs about medication, perceived sensitivity to medicines, negative affectivity, somatization, and body awareness; 66 were then randomized to receive Deceptive Placebo (told Modafinil-given placebo, 67 to Open Placebo (told placebo-given placebo, and 68 to No Placebo. Memory and attention tasks assessed cognitive enhancement. Nocebo effects were assessed by symptom checklist.RESULTS:
More symptoms were reported in the Deceptive Placebo condition (M = 2.65; SD = 2.27) than Open Placebo (M = 1.92; SD = 2.24; Mann-Whitney U = 1,654, z = 2.30, p = .022) or No Placebo (M = 1.68; SD = 1.75, Mann-Whitney U = 1,640, z = 2.74, p = .006). Participants were more likely to attribute symptoms to Modafinil side-effects if they believed pharmaceuticals to be generally harmful (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70, p = .019), had higher perceived sensitivity to medicines (IRR = 1.68, p = .011), stronger concerns about Modafinil (IRR = 2.10, p < .001), and higher negative affectivity (IRR = 2.37, p < .001).CONCLUSIONS:
Beliefs about medication are potentially modifiable predictors of the nocebo effect. These findings provide insight into side-effect reports to placebo and, potentially, active treatment.Palavras-chave
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido