D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing: A review of model establishment and potential interventions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in an ageing society. The increased incidence and mortality rates of CVD are global issues endangering human health. There is an urgent requirement for understanding the aetiology and pathogenesis of CVD and developing possible interventions for preventing CVD in ageing hearts. It is necessary to select appropriate models and treatment methods. The D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing model possesses the advantages of low mortality, short time and low cost and has been increasingly used in the study of cardiovascular diseases in recent years. Therefore, understanding the latest progress in D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing is valuable. This review highlights the recent progress and potential therapeutic interventions used in D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing in recent years by providing a comprehensive summary of D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing in vivo and in vitro. This review may serve as reference literature for future research on age-related heart diseases.