Prevalence and associations of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in Lebanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a prevalent disease with a growing impact on individuals worldwide. Evaluating the prevalence of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and understanding its associations with microvascular complications, uncontrolled glycemia, diabetes duration, and patient age is crucial. Our aim is to determine the utility of screening for this condition. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 159 asymptomatic individuals with type 2 diabetes. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess potential factors and their associations with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with a history of cardiac disease or interventions were excluded. RESULTS: The average age of our sample was 61.5 years. Almost half of the patients exhibited an HbA1c exceeding 7% (50.3%), and approximately half had an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 55% (50.9%). In the bivariate analysis, a notable difference in microvascular diabetic complications was observed among different EF groups. Specifically, nephropathy (62%), neuropathy (57.5%), and retinopathy (74.4%) were significantly more prevalent among patients with an EF < 55%. We also identified a significant age difference between groups, with a higher mean diabetes duration (14.1 ± 7.7 years) in the lower EF group. Notably, 63.7% of patients with an HbA1c exceeding 7% exhibited an EF < 55%. Older patients were associated with a lower EF, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.94. An HbA1c of 7% or less was linked to a higher likelihood of an EF > 55%. CONCLUSION: We established a correlation between subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction and microvascular complications. However, further extensive prospective research is necessary to deepen our understanding of these associations and their clinical implications.

Comparison of the systemic levels of inflammatory markers after percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal versus sirolimus-eluting stents.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare metal stent (BMS) deployment causes plaque disruption and a rise in systemic levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Our aim is to study whether PCI with sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) use attenuates this response. METHODS: Patients with stable angina undergoing single-vessel PCI were enrolled in a randomized, open-label fashion into a BMS group or an SES group. Blood samples were drawn pre-PCI, 24 hours post-PCI, and 30 days post-PCI. Systemic concentrations of CRP, IL-6, and MCP-1 were measured at all time points. RESULTS: In total, 41 patients were enrolled (21 in the BMS group and 20 in the SES group). The baseline plasma concentrations of all markers were comparable between groups. At 24 hours, the mean plasma CRP concentration in the SES group was 20.21 mg/dL versus 8.95 mg/dL in the BMS group (P = 0.15). The mean plasma IL-6 concentration at 24 hours was 25.41 pg/mL in the SES group versus 17.44 pg/mL in the BMS group (P = 0.17). The mean plasma MCP-1 concentration at 24 hours was 382.38 pg/mL in the SES group versus 329.04 pg/mL in the BMS group (P = 0.2). At 30 days, plasma concentrations of all three markers decreased to similar values between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SES did not inhibit the rise in systemic concentrations of CRP, IL-6, and MCP-1 at 24 hours or 30 days post-PCI, compared with BMS. Moreover, at 24 hours, there was a trend for higher systemic levels of all proinflammatory markers in the SES group compared with the BMS cohort.

A young female with an unusual cause of dyspnea.

Within the context of coronary artery anomalies, coronary fistulas are classified by termination. A coronary artery fistula (CAF) involves a sizable communication between a coronary artery and a heart chamber (coronary-cameral fistula) or a segment of the systemic or pulmonary system (coronary artery arteriovenous fistula). These are often due to deviations from normal embryological development. CAF may be present in patients at any age, but is usually suspected in early childhood and accounts for 0.08-0.4% of congenital cardiac anomalies. They may also be acquired by trauma or from invasive cardiac procedures. The majority of CAF arises from the right coronary artery (55%) and the left anterior descending coronary artery, with the circumflex rarely involved. The outcome of these connections depends upon the termination site. The pathophysiology of these lesions is identical. Coronary artery anomalies are difficult to detect clinically. Most are benign but some may produce symptoms that can be life threatening. We present a female with an unusual cause of dyspnea found to have a continuous heart murmur, cardiac catheterization showed an evidence of a long tract arising from the origin of the right coronary artery with flow directed towards the right atrium and the right atrial appendage.