ABSTRACT
Both the spindle microtubule-organizing centers and the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are convoluted structures where many signaling pathways converge to coordinate key events during cell division. Interestingly, despite their distinct molecular conformation and overall functions, these structures share common components and collaborate in the regulation of essential processes. We have established a new link between microtubule-organizing centers and nuclear pores in budding yeast by unveiling an interaction between the Bfa1/Bub2 complex, a mitotic exit inhibitor that localizes on the spindle pole bodies, and the Nup159 nucleoporin. Bfa1/Bub2 association with Nup159 is reduced in metaphase to not interfere with proper spindle positioning. However, their interaction is stimulated in anaphase and assists the Nup159-dependent autophagy pathway. The asymmetric localization of Bfa1/Bub2 during mitosis raises the possibility that its interaction with Nup159 could differentially promote Nup159-mediated autophagic processes, which might be relevant for the maintenance of the replicative lifespan.
Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Spindle Pole Bodies/metabolism , Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism , Spindle Apparatus/genetics , Spindle Apparatus/metabolism , Mitosis/geneticsABSTRACT
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) remains the leading cause of meningitis and neonatal sepsis in the world, and causes disease in pregnant and puerperal women. This is a retrospective study of GBS infections on women of childbearing age living in Comunitat Valenciana, Spain (years 2009-2014) and GBS colonization rate on pregnant women attending Hospital La Fe (years 2013-2015) according to their origin. An aggregated total of 6,641,960 women exposed during the study period had an average GBS isolation rate of 5.19 (5.14-5.25), geographical group rates being: Western Europe (2.2), North America (2.1), Australia (3.7), Spain (4.6), Latin America II (4.5), Eastern Europe (5.3), Asia (6.7), Latin America I (7.7), Middle East (7.9), Indian Subcontinent (17.2), North Africa (17.8), Sub-Saharan Africa (22.7). The 4532 pregnant women studied had an average GBS colonization rate of 12.47% (11.51-13.43) and geographical group rates varied similar to geographical isolation rates. Low GDP and high temperatures of the birth country were associated with higher colonization rates. Thus, differences in GBS colonization depend on the country of origin; Africa and the Indian subcontinent presented the highest, while Western Europe and North America had the lowest. This variability portrays a geographical pattern influenced by temperature and GDP.
Subject(s)
Streptococcal Infections/pathology , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Adult , Emigrants and Immigrants , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/ethnology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , TemperatureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index and treatment response to amikacin in critically ill patients. METHODS: An observational prospective study was designed. Critically ill adult patients with infection due to amikacin-sensitive Gram-negative bacteria treated with amikacin were included. Amikacin maximum (Cmax) and minimum (Cmin) plasma concentration samples were taken during the first 48-96h after the beginning of treatment. The impact of Cmax/MIC ratio and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio on early and final clinical response, microbiological eradication, development of resistant strains and renal toxicity was analysed using a multivariate model. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients received amikacin treatment, of whom 71 (83.5%) achieved a Cmax/MIC >6, 66 (77.6%) a Cmax/MIC >8, 64 (75.3%) a Cmax/MIC >10 and 72 (84.7%) an AUC/MIC >65. Clinical response at the end of treatment was significantly greater in patients with Cmax/MIC >6 [OR=5.48 (95% CI 1.28-11.40)], Cmax/MIC >8 [OR=6.01 (2.41-12.2)] and Cmax/MIC >10 [OR=8.02 (2.21-14.2)]. Cmax/MIC >10 was associated with a non-significant increase in microbiological eradication [OR=2.84 (0.76-10.61)]. Achieving Cmax/MIC >6 was associated with a lower proportion of patients with selection of resistant strains or with an increase in amikacin MIC (27.8% vs. 10.2%). Amikacin AUC was associated with development of nephrotoxicity [ROC curve 0.77 (0.66-0.87)]. CONCLUSIONS: The Cmax/MIC ratio of amikacin in critically ill patients is directly related to the response to treatment and the selection of resistant strains.
Subject(s)
Amikacin/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Critical Illness/therapy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amikacin/adverse effects , Amikacin/economics , Amikacin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Critical Illness/economics , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Elbow/microbiology , Elbow/pathology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Tinea/diagnosis , Vulvar Diseases/diagnosis , Vulvar Diseases/microbiology , Adult , Female , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Granuloma/diagnosis , Granuloma/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Granuloma/drug therapy , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Terbinafine/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Edema/diagnosis , Trichophyton/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effects of fire on soil phosphorus (P) and to determine the efficiency of different procedures in extracting soil P forms. Different P forms were determined: labile forms (Olsen-P, Bray-P, and P extracted by anion exchange membranes: AEM-P); moderately labile inorganic and organic P, obtained by NaOH-EDTA extraction after removing the AEM-P fraction; and total organic and inorganic soil P. (31)P-NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of alkali-soluble P forms (orthophosphate, monoester, pyrophosphate, and DNA). The studied area was a Pinus pinaster forest located at Arenas de San Pedro (southern Avila, Spain). The soils were Dystric Cambisols over granites. Soil samples were collected at 0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, and 10-15 cm depths, two years after a fire in the burned area and in an adjacent unburned forest area. Fire increased the total N, organic C, total P, and organic and inorganic P content in the surface soil layer. In burned soil, the P extracted by the sequential procedure (AEM and NaOH+EDTA) was about 95% of the total P. Bray extraction revealed a fire-induced increase in the sorption surfaces. Analysis by chemical methods overestimated the organic P fraction in the EDTA-NaOH extract in comparison with the determination by ignition procedure. This overestimation was more important in the burned than unburned soil samples, probably due to humification promoted by burning, which increased P sorption by soil particles. The fire-induced changes on the structure of alkali-soluble P were an increase in orthophosphate-P and a decrease in monoester-P and DNA-P.
Subject(s)
Fires , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Phosphorus/chemistry , Soil/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Gonorrhea/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects , Gonorrhea/microbiology , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Hospitals, University , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , SpainABSTRACT
El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar los antígenos preparados a partir de promastigotes de Leishmania panamensis para evaluar el skin test en pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea. El antígeno crudo preparado (CA) utilizado el sobredadante del centrifugado de homogenado de parásito a 10,000 xg. El extracto soluble fue luego sometido a 4 preparaciones, denominadas FA-1 a Fa-4, con la ayuda de un Sephacryl S-200 de filtración en gel. Los parásitos enteros (5x10 parásitos por examen) preparados en salina fenolizada, fueron utilizados como un antígeno para Montenegro (MA). El skin test intradérmico fue hecho en 17 pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea activa causada por Le. braziliensis (complejo). El radio positivo...
Subject(s)
Antigens , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Leishmaniasis/immunologyABSTRACT
A fin de obtener información general sobre los aspectos epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis y sus áreas endémicas del Ecuador, se revisaron un total de 672 casos registrados y confirmados microscópicamente de 1975 a 1986 en la consulta del Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical (INHMT) de Guayaquil, todos los casos revisados fueron positivos con amastigotes de leishmania y aquellos casos en los cuales los organismos no fueron demostrados, fueron excluidos de este estudio. Una gran mayoría (alrededor del 60 por ciento) del total de casos, habían sido diagnosticados en 1984-1985, mostrando una incidencia anormal de la enfermedad, tal vez relacionada a la fuerte estación invernal causada por el movimiento inusual de la corriente de El Niño...
Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Durante el presente estudio, se obtuvieron 18 aislamientos del parásito Leishmania de pacientes de la costa del Pacífico y región amazónica, y 11 de la sierra o región interandina, todos a partir de lesiones ulcerosas. La distribución geográfica y los aspectos clínico y parasitológico son brevemente considerados. Parece que es más factible lograr aislamientos del parásito en la leishmaniasis de las tierras bajas en las primeras semanas de evolución, aunque es relativamente fácil lograrlo también en etapas tardías en la región andina o tierras altas.
Subject(s)
Leishmania/parasitologyABSTRACT
En el texto, se reporta por primera vez un caso parasitológicamente confirmado de leishmaniasis cutánea difusa en el Ecuador. El paciente fue seguido por más de 4 años y se realizaron exhautivos exámenes clínicos y de laboratorio, a fin de confirmar esta forma clínica de la enfermedad (leishmaniasis). La anergia al antígeno Leishmania y la respuesta refractaria a la quimioterapia fueron claramente demostradas. El parásito aislado fue identificado como Leishmania mexicana, por medio de análisis de karyodeme y zymodeme.