Pediatric multisystem SARS COV2 with versus without cardiac involvement: a multicenter study from Latin America.

Latin America (LATAM) children offer special insight into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS COV2) due to high-risk race/ethnicity, variability in medical resources, diverse socioeconomic background, and numerous involved organ systems. This multinational study of LATAM youth examined the distinguishing features of acute or late multisystem SARS COV2 with versus without cardiac involvement. A consecutive sample of youth 0-18 years old (N = 98;50% male) presenting with multisystem SARS COV2 to 32 centers in 10 Latin American countries participating in a pediatric cardiac multi-imaging society were grouped as with versus without cardiac involvement, defined as abnormal echocardiographic findings or arrhythmia. Collected clinical data were analyzed by Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Cardiac (N = 48, 50% male) versus no cardiac (N = 50, 50% male) were similar in age; weight; nonrespiratory symptoms; and medical history. The cardiac group had 1 death and symptoms including coronary artery dilation, ejection fraction <50%, pericardial effusion, peripheral edema, arrhythmia, and pulmonary artery thrombus. The cardiac group had higher risk of ICU admission (77% vs 54%, p = 0.02); invasive ventilation (23% vs 4%,p = 0.007); vasoactive infusions (27% vs 4%, p = 0.002); prominent respiratory symptoms (60% vs 36%, p < 0.03); abnormal chest imaging (69% vs 34%, p = 0.001); troponin (33% vs 12%, p = 0.01); alanine aminotransferase (33% vs 12%, p = 0.02); and thrombocytopenia (46% vs 22%, p = 0.02). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that abnormal laboratories had 94% sensitivity and 98% negative predictive value on the need for ICU interventions.Conclusion: In LATAM children with multisystem SARS COV2, cardiac involvement was prevalent. Cardiac involvement was more likely to require ICU interventions, certain abnormal labs, and respiratory involvement. What is Known: • SARS COV2 can be asymptomatic in children but in some cases can have serious multisystemic involvement. • Hispanic ethnicity is purportedly at high risk of SARS COV2 in nations where they are often disadvantaged minority populations. What is New: • Latin American children presenting with multisystem SARS COV2 frequently have cardiac involvement which was associated with ICU interventions; prominent respiratory symptoms; abnormal chest X-ray; elevated troponin, ALT, and thrombocytopenia. • Elevated troponin, ALT or thrombocytopenia had high sensitivity and negative predictive value on the need for intensive care interventions.

[B-type natriuretic peptide assessment in the diagnosis of rejection after pediatric heart transplant].

BACKGROUND: Rejection is one of the major causes of mortality following pediatric heart transplant. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been studied as a method for the diagnosis of acute rejection, especially in adult patients undergoing heart transplant. OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum BNP levels with acute rejection as diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy in patients of the pediatric heart transplant group. METHODS: A total of 50 BNP samples were collected from 33 children in the postoperative period of heart transplant, and data on age, gender, skin color, blood group, immune panel, follow-up time after transplant, functional class, immunosuppressive regimen used and number of rejections were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty three children with median age of 10.13 years were analyzed; of these, 54% were females and 78% were Caucasians. BNP levels were determined at a mean time from transplant of 4.25 years. Nine episodes of rejection were diagnosed in eight patients (27%) by means of endomyocardial biopsy; of these, three were grade 3A, five were grade 2, and one had humoral rejection. At the moment of biopsy, most patients were asymptomatic. The mean serum BNP level was 77.18 pg/ml, with 144.22 pg/ml in the group with rejection and 62.46 pg/ml in the group without rejection, with p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic children can present acute rejection in the postoperative period of heart transplant. Serum BNP levels show a statistically significant difference in the group with rejection and thus can be an additional method in the diagnosis of cardiac rejection.

Avaliação do peptídeo natriurético tipo B no diagnóstico de rejeição após transplante cardíaco pediátrico / B-type natriuretic peptide assessment in the diagnosis of rejection after pediatric heart transplant / Evaluación del péptido natriurético tipo B en el diagnóstico de rechazo tras transplante cardiaco pediátrico

FUNDAMENTO: A rejeição constitui-se em uma das principais causas de mortalidade após o transplante cardíaco pediátrico. O peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) tem sido estudado como método no diagnóstico de rejeição aguda, especialmente em pacientes adultos submetidos a transplante cardíaco. OBJETIVO:Correlacionar o nível sérico de BNP à rejeição aguda diagnosticada pela biópsia endomiocárdica em pacientes do grupo de transplante cardíaco pediátrico. MÉTODOS:Foram coletadas 50 amostras de BNP de 33 crianças em pós-operatório de transplante cardíaco e analisados dados de idade, sexo, cor, grupo sangüíneo, painel imunológico, tempo de evolução após o transplante, classe funcional, imunossupressão utilizada e número de rejeições. RESULTADOS:Foram 33 crianças com idade mediana de 10,13 anos, predomínio do sexo feminino (54%) e da cor branca (78%). No momento da dosagem de BNP o tempo médio de transplante foi 4,25 anos. A biópsia endomiocárdica diagnosticou nove rejeições em oito pacientes (27%), sendo três com grau 3 A, cinco com grau 2 e um com rejeição humoral. No momento da biópsia, a maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se assintomática. O nível sérico de BNP foi em média 77,18 pg/ml, sendo 144,22 pg/ml no grupo com rejeição e 62,46 pg/ml no grupo sem rejeição, com p = 0,02. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças assintomáticas podem apresentar rejeição aguda no pós-operatório de transplante cardíaco. O nível sérico de BNP apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante no grupo com rejeição, podendo ser método adicional no diagnóstico de rejeição cardíaca.

BACKGROUND: Rejection is one of the major causes of mortality following pediatric heart transplant. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been studied as a method for the diagnosis of acute rejection, especially in adult patients undergoing heart transplant. OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum BNP levels with acute rejection as diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy in patients of the pediatric heart transplant group. METHODS: A total of 50 BNP samples were collected from 33 children in the postoperative period of heart transplant, and data on age, gender, skin color, blood group, immune panel, follow-up time after transplant, functional class, immunosuppressive regimen used and number of rejections were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty three children with median age of 10.13 years were analyzed; of these, 54% were females and 78% were Caucasians. BNP levels were determined at a mean time from transplant of 4.25 years. Nine episodes of rejection were diagnosed in eight patients (27%) by means of endomyocardial biopsy; of these, three were grade 3A, five were grade 2, and one had humoral rejection. At the moment of biopsy, most patients were asymptomatic. The mean serum BNP level was 77.18 pg/ml, with 144.22 pg/ml in the group with rejection and 62.46 pg/ml in the group without rejection, with p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic children can present acute rejection in the postoperative period of heart transplant. Serum BNP levels show a statistically significant difference in the group with rejection and thus can be an additional method in the diagnosis of cardiac rejection.

FUNDAMENTO: El rechazo constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad tras el transplante cardiaco pediátrico. El péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP) ha sido estudiado como método en el diagnóstico de rechazo agudo, sobre todo en pacientes adultos sometidos a transplante cardiaco. OBJETIVO:Correlacionar el nivel sérico de BNP al rechazo agudo diagnosticado por biopsia endomiocárdica en pacientes del grupo de transplante cardiaco pediátrico. MÉTODOS:Se recolectaron 50 muestras de BNP de 33 niños en postoperatorio de transplante cardiaco, y se analizaron datos como edad, sexo, color, grupo sanguíneo, cuadro inmunológico, tiempo de evolución tras el transplante, clase funcional, inmunosupresión utilizada y número de rechazos. RESULTADOS:Se seleccionaron a 33 niños con edad promedio de 10,13 años, predominio del sexo femenino (54%) y de color blanca (78%). Al momento de la dosificación de BNP, el tiempo promedio de transplante fue de 4,25 años. La biopsia endomiocárdica diagnosticó nueve rechazos en ocho pacientes (27%), de ellos tres presentaron grado 3A, cinco grado 2 y uno rechazo humoral. Ya al momento de la biopsia, la mayoría de los pacientes se encontraba asintomática. El nivel sérico de BNP tuvo como promedio, 77,18 pg/ml; 144,22 pg/ml en el grupo con rechazo y 62,46 pg/ml en el grupo sin rechazo, con p = 0,02. CONCLUSIÓN: Niños asintomáticos pueden presentar rechazo agudo en el postoperatorio de transplante cardiaco. El nivel sérico de BNP presentó diferencia estadísticamente significante en el grupo con rechazo, lo que lo convierte en posible método adicional en el diagnóstico de rechazo cardiaco.