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BACKGROUND: Methane (CH4) emissions from rumen fermentation are a significant contributor to global warming. Cattle with high CH4 emissions tend to exhibit lower efficiency in milk and meat production, as CH4 production represents a loss of the gross energy ingested by the animal. The objective of this study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional composition of the rumen microbiome associated with methane yield phenotype in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-two Girolando (F1 Holstein x Gyr) heifers were classified based on their methane yield (g CH4 / kg dry matter intake (DMI)) as High CH4 yield and Low CH4 yield. Rumen contents were collected and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16 and 18S rRNA genes. The diversity indexes showed no differences for the rumen microbiota associated with the high and low methane yield groups. However, the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) revealed different taxonomic profiles of prokaryotes related to High and Low CH4, but no difference was found for protozoa. The predicted functional profile of both prokaryotes and protozoa differed between High- and Low CH4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest differences in rumen microbial composition between CH4 yield groups, with specific microorganisms being strongly associated with the Low (e.g. Veillonellaceae_UCG - 001) and High (e.g., Entodinium) CH4 groups. Additionally, specific microbial functions were found to be differentially more abundant in the Low CH4 group, such as K19341, as opposed to the High CH4 group, where K05352 was more prevalent. This study reinforces that identifying the key functional niches within the rumen is vital to understanding the ecological interplay that drives methane production.
Subject(s)
Diet , Microbiota , Cattle , Animals , Female , Methane/metabolism , Rumen/metabolism , Tropical Climate , Milk , Microbiota/genetics , Lactation , FermentationABSTRACT
A strict correlation among proximal tubule epithelial cell dysfunction, proteinuria, and modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Kalikrein-Kinin System are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of preconditioning by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on gentamicin-induced AKI. Male Wistar rats were submitted to a moderate-intensity treadmill exercise protocol for 8 weeks, and then injected with 80 mg/kg/day s.c. gentamicin for 5 consecutive days. Four groups were generated: 1) NT+SAL (control); 2) NT+AKI (non-trained with AKI); 3) T+SAL (trained); and 4) T+AKI (trained with AKI). The NT+AKI group presented: 1) impairment in glomerular function parameters; 2) increased fractional excretion of Na + , K + , and water; 4) proteinuria and increased urinary γ-glutamyl transferase activity (a marker of tubular injury) accompanied by acute tubular necrosis; 5) an increased renal angiotensin-converting enzyme and bradykinin B1 receptor mRNA expression. Interestingly, the preconditioning by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise attenuated all alterations observed in gentamicin-induced AKI (T+AKI group). Taken together, our results show that the preconditioning by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise ameliorates the development of gentamicin-induced AKI. Our findings help to expand the current knowledge regarding the effect of physical exercise on kidneys during physiological and pathological conditions.
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Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke, known as "saracura-mirá" in the Amazon rainforest, is valued for its traditional use in malaria prevention and treatment. The plant's roots and bark are employed for these purposes, while the wood is often overlooked. Given the global importance of leishmaniasis, research focused on A. amazonicus anti-Leishmania amazonensis potential. The ethyl acetate extract from the bark (EAEB) exhibited the most effective inhibition of intracellular amastigote growth with IC50 7.0 µg.mL-1 but showed high toxicity (CC50 9.0 µg.mL-1). The wood ethanol (EW) and ethyl acetate (EAEW) extracts demonstrated promising results against L. amazonensis with IC50 15.8 µg.mL-1 and 10.0 µg.mL-1, CC50 50.5 µg.mL-1 and 22.7 µg.mL-1, respectively. High-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with mass spectrometry off-line detection was employed for the bioassay-guided fractionation of EAEB and EAEW using HEMWat as solvent system. These extracts showed to be rich in saponins and triterpenes, besides minor glycosylated flavonoids. HSCCC was effective in obtaining high purity fractions, leading to the identification of a di-glycosylated triterpene saponin from EAEB, and melaleucic acid from EAEW. These findings highlight A. amazonicus as a potential source for developing new therapeutic alternatives for leishmaniasis and HSCCC as a technique enabling better separation efficiency of complex saponin matrices.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of total mixed ration particle size (length) and breed of cow on intake dynamics, animal performance and CH4 emissions, comparing high yielding Holstein and low yielding Girolando cows. The experimental design was 2 × 2 Latin Square arranged as a crossover factorial scheme with two diets (short particle size, SPS and long particle size, LPS) and the two breed compositions. The design comprised two periods of 26 d each, where all data collection was performed at cow level. No influence of the particle size occurred for the passage rate, neutral detergent fiber digestibility, performance and milk composition, methane emissions or ruminal fermentation parameters. Girolando cows had greater dry matter intake (DMI) when fed SPS, while Holsteins had the same (P < 0.05). Girolando cows had lower dry matter digestibility when fed LPS compared to SPS, while Holsteins had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). Also, the digestibility of crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates decreased in Girolando cows fed LPS, but not in Holsteins (P < 0.05). Girolando cows reduced DMI by 10.6% when fed LPS diet (P < 0.05). Girolando had an increased eating rate (+24 g of DM/min; P < 0.05) compared to Holstein cows, but Holstein cows had a lower CH4 intensity (by 29.7%: P < 0.05). Girolando cows increased the dry matter intake when fed a diet with short particle size, while the same did not happen in Holsteins. Dry matter digestibility increased in Holsteins when fed long particle size, while the opposite was observed in Girolando cows. Nutrient digestibility was reduced in Girolando cows when fed short particle size. Particle size did not influence eating time, eating rate, feed trough visits, visits with intake, milk yield and composition regardless of the breed. Reducing particle size increased CH4 intensity in both breeds.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Diet , Digestion , Lactation , Milk , Particle Size , Animals , Cattle/physiology , Female , Digestion/physiology , Lactation/physiology , Milk/chemistry , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Rumen/physiology , Methane/analysis , Fermentation , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Eating/physiologyABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate intake, energy and nitrogen balance as well as methane emission in Holstein and ½ Holstein ½ Gyr (Girolando-F1) cows during the transition period. Twenty-four cows (12 Holstein and 12 Girolando-F1) were used to evaluate feed intake, apparent digestibility, heat production and methane emission, carried out in two periods: from 28 to 19 days pre-calving and from 15 to 23 days post-calving. A completely randomised design was used and data were analysed by ANOVA within periods (pre- and post-calving) considering the main effect of genetic groups. Girolando-F1cows presented greater body condition score (BCS) compared with Holstein. During pre-calving, there were no differences between genetic groups, except for highest heat production per kilogram of metabolic body weight for Holstein cows. After calving, Holstein cows had greater intake of DM, nitrogen, NDF per kg of BW and produced more heat per kg of metabolic body weight. Holstein cows yielded more milk and fat-corrected milk (FCM4%) compared with Girolando-F1 cows. Holstein cows presented higher methane emission per unit of BW and of metabolic weight. Emissions of enteric methane per kilogram of milk and per kilogram of FCM4% tended to be lower for Holstein compared with Girolando-F1 cows. Nitrogen and energy retention were similar for both Holstein and Girolando-F1 at pre- and post-calving. Despite differences in BCS, DMI, and milk yield, Girolando-F1 and Holstein cows present overall similar energy efficiency, albeit Holstein cows tended to present less methane emission per kg of eligible product (milk).
Subject(s)
Diet , Digestion , Methane , Nitrogen , Animals , Cattle/physiology , Cattle/metabolism , Female , Methane/metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism , Digestion/physiology , Diet/veterinary , Energy Metabolism , Lactation/physiology , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Eating , Random AllocationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to examine the nursing team's view of the repercussions of moving patients (admissions, transfers and discharges) on the organization of work and the delivery of care. METHOD: this is a qualitative study using the focus group technique, conducted with 23 professionals - 12 nurses, eight nurse technicians and three nurse assistants working in three inpatient units at a teaching hospital in the countryside of Sao Paulo. Four meetings took place between November 2021 and March 2022. The reports were analyzed thematically using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: two thematic categories emerged: the influence of structural factors and work organization on the intra-hospital moving of patients; it demands time, generates work overload and interferes with the delivery of care. CONCLUSION: the volume of moving patient associated with unforeseen demands, care complexity and insufficient staff and resources have a negative impact on the delivery of care, with clinical risks and work overload. The findings make it possible to improve the regulation of patients entering and leaving the units, work organization and care management, avoiding clinical risks, delays, omissions and work overload. BACKGROUND: (1) Moving patients around the hospital requires structure and work organization. BACKGROUND: (2) Nursing estimates dedicating 10-15 minutes to 2-3 hours of work on these interventions. BACKGROUND: (3) Frequency, unpredictability and complexity of care have a negative impact on care. BACKGROUND: (4) Unfavorable conditions for moving generate care and occupational risks.
Subject(s)
Nursing, Team , Humans , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Focus GroupsABSTRACT
The correlation between enteric methane emissions (eME) and feed efficiency (FE) in cattle is linked to the anaerobic fermentation of feedstuffs that occurs in the rumen. Several mathematical indices have been developed to predict feed efficiency and identify low methane emitters in herds. To investigate this, the current study aimed to evaluate the rumen microbial composition in the same group of animals ranked according to six different indices (three indices for FE and three for eME). Thirty-three heifers were ranked into three groups, each consisting of 11 animals, based on FE (feed conversion efficiency - FCE, residual weight gain - RG, and residual feed intake - RFI) and eME indices (production, yield, and intensity). Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube and analyzed using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA, targeting rumen bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. The sequencing analysis revealed that the presence of unique microbial species in the rumen varies across animals ranked by the FE and eME indices. The High RG group harbored 17 unique prokaryotic taxa, while the High FCE group contained only seven. Significant differences existed in the microbial profiles of the animals based on the FE and eME indices. For instance, Raoultibacter was more abundant in the Intermediate RFI group but less so in the Intermediate RG and Intermediate FCE groups. The abundance of Entodinium was higher while Diplodinium was lower in the High FCE group, in contrast to the High RG and High RFI groups. Methanobrevibacter exhibited similar abundances across eME indices. However, the heifers did not demonstrate the same production, yield, and intensity of eME. The present findings underscore the importance of standardizing the FE and eME indices. This standardization is crucial for ensuring consistent and reliable assessments of the composition and function of the rumen microbiome across different herds.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Methane , Rumen , Methane/metabolism , Rumen/microbiology , Rumen/metabolism , Animals , Cattle , Animal Feed/analysis , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/metabolism , FemaleABSTRACT
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables indirect detection of species without the need to directly observe and sample them. For biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA-based methods are useful to address biological invasions at all phases, from detecting arrivals to confirming eradication of past invasions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found that in biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA has primarily been used to detect new incursions and monitor spread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with much slower uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting a broader trend common to the usage of eDNA tools. In terrestrial ecosystems, eDNA research has mostly focussed on the use of eDNA metabarcoding to characterise biodiversity, rather than targeting biosecurity threats or non-native populations. We discuss how eDNA-based methods are being applied to terrestrial ecosystems for biosecurity and managing non-native populations at each phase of the invasion continuum: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread; across different management options: containment, control, and eradication; and for detecting the impact of non-native organisms. Finally, we address some of the current technical issues and caveats of eDNA-based methods, particularly for terrestrial ecosystems, and how these might be solved. As eDNA-based methods improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the early detection and adaptive management of biological invasions, and the implementation of effective biosecurity controls.
Subject(s)
DNA, Environmental , Ecosystem , Environmental Monitoring , Introduced Species , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Biodiversity , DNA Barcoding, TaxonomicABSTRACT
In this work, we used Raman spectroscopy to identify compounds present at different maturation stages of the exocarp of scarlet eggplant and two banana cultivars, 'prata' and 'nanica'. Raman spectral analyses of both fruits showed bands attributed to phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids. During the scarlet eggplant's maturation process, Raman spectral profile changes are mainly observed in the carotenoid content rather than flavonoids. Furthermore, it is suggested that naringenin chalcone together with ß-carotene determines the orange-red color of the ripe stage. Variations in chemical composition among the maturation stages of bananas were observed predominantly in 'prata' when compared to 'nanica'. In contrast to scarlet eggplant changes in the spectral profile were more evident in the content of the flavonoid/phenolic acids. The in situ analysis was demonstrated to be useful as a guide in selecting bioactive compounds on demand from low-cost horticultural waste.
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BACKGROUND: Lateral elbow tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Effectiveness of non-invasive therapies for this health condition are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive therapies on pain, maximum grip strength, disability, and quality of life for lateral elbow tendinopathy. METHODS: Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO without language or date restrictions up to May 3rd, 2023. Randomized trials investigating the effectiveness of any non-invasive therapy compared with control or other invasive interventions were included. Two independent reviewers screened eligible trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included trials and certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: Twenty-two different therapies investigated in 47 randomized trials were included in the quantitative analysis. Moderate certainty evidence showed that betamethasone valerate medicated plaster may reduce disability (mean difference -6.7; 95% CI -11.4, -2.0) in the short-term when compared with placebo. Low certainty evidence showed that acupuncture may reduce disability (MD -9.1; 95% CI -11.7, -6.4) in the short-term when compared with sham. Moderate to very low certainty of evidence also showed small to no effect of non-invasive therapies on pain intensity, maximum grip strength, and disability outcomes in the short-term compared to control or invasive interventions. Most therapies had only very low certainty of evidence to support their use. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-making processes for lateral elbow tendinopathy should be carefully evaluated, taking into consideration that most investigated interventions have very low certainty of evidence. There is an urgent call for larger high-quality trials.
Subject(s)
Hand Strength , Quality of Life , Humans , Hand Strength/physiology , Tendinopathy/therapy , Tendinopathy/physiopathology , Pain/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are confronted with a persistent challenge: the urgent demand for robust, load-bearing, and biocompatible scaffolds that can effectively endure substantial deformation. Given that inadequate mechanical performance is typically rooted in structural deficienciesâspecifically, the absence of energy dissipation mechanisms and network uniformityâa crucial step toward solving this problem is generating synthetic approaches that enable exquisite control over network architecture. This work systematically explores structure-property relationships in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels constructed utilizing thiol-yne chemistry. We systematically vary polymer concentration, constituent molar mass, and cross-linking protocols to understand the impact of architecture on hydrogel mechanical properties. The network architecture was resolved within the molecular model of Rubinstein-Panyukov to obtain the densities of chemical cross-links and entanglements. We employed both nucleophilic and radical pathways, uncovering notable differences in mechanical response, which highlight a remarkable degree of versatility achievable by tuning readily accessible parameters. Our approach yielded hydrogels with good cell viability and remarkably robust tensile and compression profiles. Finally, the hydrogels are shown to be amenable to advanced processing techniques by demonstrating injection- and extrusion-based 3D printing. Tuning the mechanism and network regularity during the cell-compatible formation of hydrogels is an emerging strategy to control the properties and processability of hydrogel biomaterials by making simple and rational design choices.
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Diarrhea and respiratory diseases pose significant challenges in the rearing of pre-weaned calves, motivating the investigation of tools to improve gastrointestinal tract development, health, and overall performance in young calves. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an additive incorporated into milk replacer to promote the development and health of the animals. Forty-six dairy calves were randomly assigned into two treatments: control (CON, n = 23; with 15 females and 8 males), and sodium butyrate (SB, n = 23; with 15 females and 8 males). The calves in the SB treatment group were supplemented with 4 g/d of unprotected sodium butyrate (Adimix, Adisseo, China), added to the milk replacer from 4 to 60 days of age. Water and starter were fed ad libitum. The study evaluated several parameters, including feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids, blood metabolites (glucose, insulin-like growth factor type 1, urea, ß-hydroxybutyrate), hemogram, health scores, performance, and feed efficiency. Bull calves were euthanized at 60 days of age for organ comparison, while heifer calves were assessed for carryover effects up to 90 days of age. Data were analyzed independently using linear mixed models using the nlme package in R, and the Artools package for non-parametric categorical outcomes. Although the feed intake and performance variables exhibited differences within weeks, no divergence was observed between treatment groups. Notably, a positive treatment-by-week interaction was identified for starter feed intake (p = 0.02) and total dry matter intake (p = 0.04) during pre-weaning for CON animals. Ruminal parameters, blood metabolites, and hemogram values such as glucose, urea, insulin-like growth factor type 1, mean corpuscular value, lymphocytes, and neutrophils displayed differences within weeks during the pre-weaning stage, but similar results within groups. No differences between supplemented and non-supplemented calves were found across nutrient digestibility, organ development, and histology. Regarding health scores, differences were noted within weeks for fecal and respiratory scores during the pre-weaning stage, and only the respiratory score during the post-weaning stage. Consequently, butyrate supplementation did not elicit improvements or negative effects in the body development or health status of dairy calves.
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The LABEXTRACT plant extract bank, featuring diverse members of the Myrtaceae family from Brazilian hot spot regions, provides a promising avenue for bioprospection. Given the pivotal roles of the Spike protein and 3CLpro and PLpro proteases in SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study delves into the correlations between the Myrtaceae species from the Atlantic Forest and these targets, as well as an antiviral activity through both in vitro and in silico analyses. The results uncovered notable inhibitory effects, with Eugenia prasina and E. mosenii standing out, while E. mosenii proved to be multitarget, presenting inhibition values above 72% in the three targets analyzed. All extracts inhibited viral replication in Calu-3 cells (EC50 was lower than 8.3 µg·mL-1). Chemometric analyses, through LC-MS/MS, encompassing prediction models and molecular networking, identified potential active compounds, such as myrtucommulones, described in the literature for their antiviral activity. Docking analyses showed that one undescribed myrtucommulone (m/z 841 [M - H]-) had a higher fitness score when interacting with the targets of this study, including ACE2, Spike, PLpro and 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2. Also, the study concludes that Myrtaceae extracts, particularly from E. mosenii and E. prasina, exhibit promising inhibitory effects against crucial stages in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compounds like myrtucommulones emerge as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, warranting further exploration.
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Objective: to examine the nursing team's view of the repercussions of moving patients (admissions, transfers and discharges) on the organization of work and the delivery of care. Method: this is a qualitative study using the focus group technique, conducted with 23 professionals - 12 nurses, eight nurse technicians and three nurse assistants working in three inpatient units at a teaching hospital in the countryside of Sao Paulo. Four meetings took place between November 2021 and March 2022. The reports were analyzed thematically using MAXQDA software. Results: two thematic categories emerged: the influence of structural factors and work organization on the intra-hospital moving of patients; it demands time, generates work overload and interferes with the delivery of care. Conclusion: the volume of moving patient associated with unforeseen demands, care complexity and insufficient staff and resources have a negative impact on the delivery of care, with clinical risks and work overload. The findings make it possible to improve the regulation of patients entering and leaving the units, work organization and care management, avoiding clinical risks, delays, omissions and work overload.
Objetivo: examinar la perspectiva del equipo de enfermería sobre las repercusiones del movimiento de pacientes (admisiones, traslados y altas) en la organización del trabajo y en la prestación de cuidados. Método: estudio cualitativo utilizando la técnica de grupo focal llevado a cabo con 23 profesionales, incluyendo 12 enfermeros, ocho técnicos y tres auxiliares de enfermería de tres unidades de internación de un hospital universitario del interior de São Paulo. Se realizaron cuatro encuentros entre noviembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Los relatos fueron analizados en la modalidad temática con la ayuda del software MAXQDA. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: la influencia de factores estructurales y de la organización del trabajo en el movimiento intrahospitalario de pacientes; y, el movimiento de pacientes demanda tiempo, genera sobrecarga de trabajo e interfiere en la prestación de cuidados. Conclusión: el volumen de movimientos de pacientes asociado a demandas imprevistas, complejidad asistencial e insuficiencia de personal y de recursos repercute negativamente en la prestación del cuidado con riesgos clínicos y sobrecarga laboral. Los hallazgos permiten mejorar la regulación de las entradas y salidas de pacientes en las unidades, la organización del trabajo y la gestión del cuidado, evitando riesgos clínicos, retrasos, omisiones y sobrecarga laboral.
Objetivo: examinar o olhar da equipe de enfermagem quanto às repercussões da movimentação de pacientes (admissões, transferências e altas) na organização do trabalho e na entrega do cuidado. Método: estudo qualitativo utilizando técnica de grupo focal conduzido junto a vinte e três profissionais sendo doze enfermeiros, oito técnicos e três auxiliares de enfermagem lotados em três unidades de internação de um hospital de ensino do interior de São Paulo. Ocorreram quatro encontros, entre novembro de 2021 e março de 2022. Os relatos foram analisados na modalidade temática com o auxílio do software MAXQDA. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: a influência de fatores estruturais e da organização do trabalho na movimentação intra-hospitalar de pacientes; e a movimentação de pacientes demanda tempo, gera sobrecarga de trabalho e interfere na entrega do cuidado. Conclusão: o volume de movimentações de pacientes associado às demandas imprevistas, complexidade assistencial e insuficiência de pessoal e de recursos repercutem negativamente na entrega do cuidar com riscos clínicos e sobrecarga laboral. Os achados possibilitam aprimorar a regulação das entradas e saídas de pacientes nas unidades, organização do trabalho e gestão do cuidado evitando-se riscos clínicos, atrasos, omissões e sobrecarga laboral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Transfer , Workload , Process Assessment, Health Care , Practice Management , Workflow , Nursing StaffSubject(s)
Neoplasms , Humans , Brazil , Neoplasms/therapy , Societies, Medical , Nephrology/standards , Kidney Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes hacia la investigación científica de los estudiantes del posgrado en Enfermería en Cuidados Críticos de una institución privada de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en el primer semestre del 2023. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo. Con una muestra intencional de 43 estudiantes de posgrado de Enfermería. Se implementaron y validaron dos instrumentos diseñados para la autoevaluación de las habilidades investigativas y la evaluación de las percepciones hacia el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la investigación; durante los meses de marzo a abril del 2023. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial utilizando el software Infostat. Se implementó el consentimiento informado y no se recolectaron datos filiatorios. Resultados: Los encuestados tuvieron una media de edad de 34,14 años, y fueron mayormente mujeres, de estado civil solteras, sin hijos, y con 8,98 años de experiencia laboral. El escaso abordaje de la investigación en el plan de estudios y los conocimientos en análisis estadístico, fueron las actitudes y habilidades con peor valoración, mientras, la vinculación de la investigación con la profesión y la interpretación de resultados, fueron las actitudes y habilidades mejor evaluadas. Si bien el 48,84% reportaron haber participado en actividades de investigación, solo el 6,98% han publicado un artículo científico. Conclusiones: Se halló una valoración mayormente positiva hacia la investigación científica, mientras, la autoevaluación de conocimientos y habilidades para investigar fue medianamente adecuada. El sexo, la edad y la antigüedad profesional mostraron relación con los conocimientos y habilidades para investigar.
Objective: To describe the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students of a postgraduate program in Critical Care Nursing at a private institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires have regarding scientific research, in the first semester of 2023. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study with a purposive sample of 43 postgraduate nursing students. Two instruments were implemented and validated between March and April 2023, designed for the self-assessment of research skills and to evaluate the perceptions of the process of teaching and learning about research. A descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted using the Infostat software. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, and no personal data were collected. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 34.14 years, who were in their majority women, single, without children, and had 8.98 years of work experience. The attitudes and skills that received the worst evaluation were the limited approach to research in the curriculum and the knowledge of statistical analysis, while the best evaluated were the link of research to the profession and interpretation of results. Although 48.84% reported participating in research activities, only 6.98% had published a scientific article. Conclusions: An overall positive perception of scientific research was found, while the self-assessment of research knowledge and skills was moderately adequate. Gender, age, and professional seniority correlated with the participants' knowledge and skills regarding research.
Objetivo: Descrever os conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes frente à pesquisa científica de estudantes de pós-graduação em Enfermagem em Cuidados Críticos de uma instituição privada da Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires no primeiro semestre de 2023. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Com amostra intencional de 43 estudantes de pós-graduação em enfermagem. Foram implementados e validados dois instrumentos concebidos para autoavaliação de competências de investigação e avaliação de percepções relativamente ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de investigação; durante os meses de março a abril de 2023. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial por meio do software Infostat. O consentimento informado foi implementado e nenhum dado de afiliação foi coletado. Resultados: Os entrevistados tinham idade média de 34,14 anos, sendo em sua maioria mulheres, solteiras, sem filhos e com 8,98 anos de experiência profissional. A escassa abordagem da investigação no currículo e os conhecimentos em análise estatística foram as atitudes e competências com pior avaliação; enquanto a ligação da investigação com a profissão e a interpretação dos resultados foram as atitudes e competências mais bem avaliadas. Embora 48,84% tenham relatado ter participado de atividades de pesquisa, apenas 6,98% publicaram um artigo científico. Conclusões: Foi encontrada uma avaliação maioritariamente positiva da investigação científica, enquanto a autoavaliação de conhecimentos e competências de investigação foi medianamente adequada. Sexo, idade e antiguidade profissional apresentaram relação com conhecimentos e habilidades de pesquisa.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a ocorrência e caracterizar o perfil da contaminação pelo SARS-CoV-2 em profissionais de saúde na macrorregião Oeste da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, realizado através da estratégia Web Survey, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2021, com profissionais de saúde atuantes na região. Participaram do estudo 186 profissionais, de 22 categorias profissionais distintas e provenientes de 23 municípios da região. Do total de entrevistados, 63 participantes (33,9%) testaram positivo para o SARS-CoV-2, com predominância do sexo feminino (70,0%), idade média de 36 anos (DP ± 8,7), de enfermeiros contaminados (25,4%) e da forma leve da doença (76,2%), entretanto, 15,9% (n=10) desenvolveram sequelas e 11,1% (n=07) necessitaram de readaptações das atividades de trabalho. 40,9% dos entrevistados (n=76) relataram que após o início da pandemia desenvolveram algum problema de ordem mental ou tiveram piora de condição já existente e 58,1% (n=108) informaram indisponibilidade de cuidado em saúde mental no local de trabalho. Pelo exposto, torna-se cada vez mais importante a adoção/atualização de estratégias de proteção, promoção e recuperação da saúde direcionadas para estes profissionais, considerando as suas diferentes realidades e necessidades.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common metabolic complication after liver transplant that negatively affects a recipient's survival and graft function. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with diabetes after liver transplant. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from September to November 2019. Data collection was performed by chart review, and patients were divided into 3 groups: patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), patients with pre-transplant diabetes mellitus, and patients with PTDM. Results: Two hundred and forty-seven patients' medical charts were screened, and 207 patients were included: 107 without DM, 42 with pre-transplant DM, and 58 with PTDM. The leading cause for liver transplant was hepatitis C, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to alcohol. There was a higher exposure to tacrolimus in patients without DM ( P = 0.02) and to ciclosporin in patients with pre-transplant DM, compared to others ( P = 0.005). Microscopic interface inflammatory activity was more severe in patients without DM as well as those with PTDM ( P = 0.032). There was a higher prevalence of steatosis in recipients with pre-transplant DM than there was in others ( P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified the following independent risk factors for DM: cirrhosis due to alcohol, hepatitis C, and triglycerides. For PTDM, these independent risk factors were cirrhosis due to alcohol, hepatitis C, and prednisone exposure. Conclusion: Alcoholic cirrhosis is a risk factor for PTDM in liver recipients. Liver transplant recipients with a pre-transplant history of cirrhosis due to alcohol, hepatitis C, and prednisone exposure deserve more caution during PTDM screening.
ABSTRACT
La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es un procedimiento indicado para minimizar el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico brindando una alternativa de tratamiento a pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, con presencia de reabsorciones radiculares, periodonto reducido, entre otros. Los problemas periodontales no diagnosticados pueden ser agravados durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y dependiendo de su severidad, pueden requerir un tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el caso de una paciente con maloclusión Clase I con apinÌamiento y recesión gingival, tratada con injerto conectivo de tejido libre, corticotomía con injerto óseo y técnica de arco recto prescripción CCO. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el manejo interdisciplinario es importante para el correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es una alternativa viable que reduce el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico y mantiene o mejorá la condición periodontal de los pacientes. Palabras clave: Ortodoncia; Recesión gingival; Periodoncia (fuente: DeCS BIREME).
Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a procedure indicated to reduce the time of orthodontic treatment by giving an alternative treatment to periodontally compromised patients, with presence of root resorption, reduced periodontium, among others. Undiagnosed periodontal problems can be aggravated during orthodontic treatment and, depending on their severity, may require prior treatment. The objective of this report is to present the case of a patient with Class I malocclusion with crowding and gingival recession, treated with free tissue connective graft, corticotomy with bone graft and CCO Straighwire prescription technique. Finally, it can be concluded that interdisciplinary management is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a viable alternative that reduces the time of orthodontic treatment and maintains or improves the periodontal condition of patients. Keywords: Orthodontic treatment; Gingival recession; Periodontics (source: MeSH NLM).