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1.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 84(1): 29-46, 2024.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38271930

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to analyze the geographic variability and the relationship between social determinants of health and COVID-19 lethality in Bariloche. METHODS: A database from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System was used to analyze COVID-19 positive cases from January 2020 to December 2021. The data were geocoded and incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS). A three-step analytical framework was applied to measure health inequity, using socioeconomic indicators and access to services. A multivariate analysis was conducted to predict fatality. RESULTS: A total of 25 020 COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in Bariloche during the study period. The fatality rate was 2.1%. Significant variability in socioeconomic indicators was observed among different territorial delegations of the city. DISCUSSION: The results showed health inequities and an association between social determinants and COVID-19 lethality in Bariloche. Individuals living in areas with higher socioeconomic vulnerability had a higher risk of mortality. These findings highlight the importance of addressing health inequities in a pandemic response.


Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar cómo la variabilidad geográfica y los determinantes sociales de la salud influyen en la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 en Bariloche. Métodos: Se utilizó una base de datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica para analizar los casos positivos de COVID-19 desde enero de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021. Los datos se geo-codificaron y se incorporaron en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). Se aplicó un marco de análisis en tres pasos para medir la inequidad en salud, utilizando indicadores socioeconómicos y de acceso a servicios. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para predecir la letalidad. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron un total de 25 020 casos de COVID-19 en Bariloche durante el período de estudio. La letalidad fue del 2.1%. Se observó una variabilidad significativa en indicadores socioeconómicos entre las diferentes delegaciones territoriales de la ciudad. Discusión: Los resultados mostraron inequidades en salud y una asociación entre determinantes sociales y letalidad por COVID-19 en Bariloche. Las personas que vivían en áreas con mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica presentaron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar las inequidades en salud en la respuesta a una pandemia.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Health Inequities , Humans , COVID-19/mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Socioeconomic Factors , Argentina/epidemiology
2.
Cureus ; 15(7): e42418, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37637524

ABSTRACT

The present manuscript is a clinical case report in which antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) - using a low-power laser (660 nm) associated with methylene blue photosensitizer (0.01%) - was considered for treating a case of complication after implantation of spiculated polydioxanone (PDO) threads, an aesthetic procedure worldwide performed in facial cosmetic non-surgical procedures. A 72-year-old female patient presented an infection in the face region where the PDO thread was implanted (mandible angle). After divulsion and local drainage, it was decided to associate aPDT using a low-level laser associated with a 0.01% methylene blue photosensitizer. Two sessions of aPDT were performed - on sequential days - and within 48 hours the region was dry and without signs of secretion. The use of aPDT seems to be a promising and effective option in cases of infections after implantation of PDO threads, consisting of a safe technique, of low execution complexity and without adverse effects.

3.
PLoS One ; 18(10): e0284006, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37824507

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at higher risk of developing severe illness, through a systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies. METHODS: A systematic search was performed, in accordance with the Cochrane search methods, to identify observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of mortality and hospitalization were analyzed. Search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened references, selected the studies, extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool and evaluated the quality of evidence using the GRADE tool. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline. RESULTS: A total of 16 observational studies were finally included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in comparison to standard treatment without antivirals, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir reduced the risk of death by 59% (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35-0.52; moderate certainty of evidence). In addition, a 53% reduction in the risk of hospital admission was observed (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36-0.60, with very low certainty of evidence). For the composite outcome of hospitalization and/or mortality, there was a 56% risk reduction (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31-0.64, moderate certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir could be effective in reducing mortality and hospitalization. The results were valid in vaccinated or unvaccinated high-risk individuals with COVID-19. Data from ongoing and future trials may further advance our understanding of the effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and help improve treatment guidelines for COVID-19.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Hospitalization
4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 82(3): 351-360, 2022.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35639055

ABSTRACT

Hantavirus infections occur through the inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of infected rodents. These viruses cause a cardiopulmonary syndrome in the case of the Andes Sur variant, with a mortality that can reach 50%. It occurs in sporadic cases or in small clusters, in which interhuman contagion predominates. In this historical cohort-type observational study, in people infected with Andes Sur hantavirus during the years 2009 to 2019 who was assisted in the public health subsector of San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina), it was sought to identify factors that could predict poor evolution (cardiopulmonary syndrome and death). For this, the risk for each of the variables was characterized and, to obtain key information about the relationships between them, a multiple correspondence analysis was also applied. During the study period, 38 people were included. The mean age was 35 years. Person-to-person contagion was suspected in 10/38 (26.8%) cases. 21.1% (8/28) presented a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome at the time of diagnosis, while 55.3% (21/38) developed it during their evolution, and 44.7% (17/38) of those infected died during hospitalization. Age over 15 years and thrombocytopenia were associated with a higher risk of clinical progression, while mild forms or asymptomatic people, person-to-person transmission, or during an epidemiological outbreak, were associated with a lower risk of death.


Las infecciones por hantavirus, ocurren a través de la inhalación de aerosoles provenientes de excretas de roedores infectados. Estos virus causan síndrome cardiopulmonar en el caso de la variante Andes Sur, con una mortalidad que puede alcanzar el 50%. Se presenta como casos esporádicos o en pequeños conglomerados, en los que predomina el contagio interhumano. En este estudio observacional de tipo cohorte histórica, en personas infectadas con hantavirus Andes Sur durante los años 2009 a 2019 que fueron asistidas en el subsector público de salud de San Carlos de Bariloche(Argentina), se buscó identificar factores que pudieran predecir mala evolución (síndrome cardiopulmonar y muerte). Para ello se caracterizó el riesgo para cada una de las variables y, para obtener información clave sobre las relaciones entre las mismas, se aplicó además un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Durante el período de estudio, 38 personas fueron incluidas. La edad media fue de 35 años. Se sospechó contagio de persona a persona en 10/38 (26.8%) casos. El 21.1% (8/28) tuvo al momento del diagnóstico un síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus. Mientras que, 55.3% (21/38) lo desarrolló durante su evolución y 44.7% (17/38) de los infectados fallecieron durante la internación. La edad mayor a 15 años y la plaquetopenia, se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de progresión clínica, mientras que las formas de leves o las personas asintomáticas, el contagio persona a persona o durante un brote epidemiológico, se asociaron con un menor riesgo de muerte.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Hantavirus Infections , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome , Orthohantavirus , Cohort Studies , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Humans , Prognosis
5.
Medwave ; 21(4): e8190, 2021 May 12.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34086669

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Oxygen therapy through a high-flow nasal cannula is thought to improve the work of breathing and the comfort of patients with acute bronchiolitis. It is widely used in hospital wards and critical care of pediatric patients. However, there is uncertainty on the magnitude of the effect on critical and important outcomes in these patients. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to evaluate the available evidence on the use of oxygen administered through high-flow cannula versus low-flow oxygen for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis following the PRISMA standards for reporting. The search was carried out in electronic databases by two researchers independently. The evidence was summarized using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Six randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included, including 1867 individuals younger than 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis in pediatric emergency, hospitalization, and intensive care services. Mortality was not reported in the included studies. Treatment failure occurred in 108/933 in the high flow group and 233/934 in the low flow group (relative risk: 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.35 to 0.62), which shows 11.7% less treatment failure (95% confidence interval between 7.9% and 14.5% less) in the high flow group with a number needed to treat of 7.5 (95% confidence interval 6 to 10) with moderate certainty in the evidence. CONCLUSION: The use of humidified and heated oxygen with high flow compared to oxygen at low flow is probably associated with decreased treatment failure in children younger than two years with acute bronchiolitis. There is uncertainty about the effect on hospitalization days and clinical progression.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La terapia con oxígeno a través de cánula nasal de alto flujo actuaría mejorando el trabajo de la respiración y el confort de los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda. Su uso se encuentra ampliamente difundido en distintas áreas de internación y cuidados críticos de pacientes pediátricos. Sin embargo, existe incertidumbre en la magnitud del efecto en desenlaces críticos e importantes en estos pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la evidencia disponible acerca del uso de oxígeno administrado a través de cánulas de alto flujo, frente a oxígeno a bajo flujo para el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda en menores de dos años. METODOLOGÍA: Realizamos una revisión sistemática y metanálisis siguiendo los estándares PRISMA para el reporte de la misma. La búsqueda fue realizada en bases de datos electrónicas por dos investigadores de forma independiente. La evidencia fue resumida utilizando la metodología GRADE. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron seis ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados, incluyendo 1867 individuos menores de 24 meses de edad con bronquiolitis aguda en servicios de emergencias, internación y cuidados intensivos pediátricos. La mortalidad no fue reportada en los estudios incluidos. El fracaso del tratamiento ocurrió en 108/933 en el grupo alto flujo y 233/934 en el grupo bajo flujo (riesgo relativo: 0,46; intervalo de confianza 95%: 0,35 a 0,62), lo que muestra 11,7% menos fracaso de tratamiento (intervalo de confianza 95%: entre 7,9% y 14,5% menos) en el grupo alto flujo con un número necesario a tratar de 7,5 (de 6 a 10) con moderada certeza en la evidencia. CONCLUSIÓN: La utilización de oxígeno humidificado y calentado con alto flujo en comparación con el oxígeno a bajo flujo probablemente se asocie con una disminución del fracaso de tratamiento en niños menores de dos años con bronquiolitis aguda. Existe incertidumbre en el efecto sobre los días de internación y puntajes clínicos de progresión.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Cannula , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Oxygen , Treatment Failure
6.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 81(6): 1015-1035, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34875602

ABSTRACT

In COVID-19, there are states of hyperinflammation in severely or critically ill people, where immunosuppression and blocking of IL-6 receptors could be beneficial. Faced with this situation, with the support of a methods group using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, about the use of tocilizumab for patients with severe and critical illness coronavirus. This guide focuses on making recommendations for the use of tocilizumab in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. This clinical practice guideline was prepared following the WHO guideline development methods. A multidisciplinary development group was formed, with clinical and health policy experts, methodologists and users. Panel and methods group members signed a declaration of conflict of interest. We searched the Epistemonikos Foundation's LOVE database for randomized studies up to April 17, 2021. The synthesis and evidence profiles were prepared using the GRADE approach and an economic model was developed. Among hospitalized adults with progressive severe or critical COVID-19, the guideline panel su ggests tocilizumab. (Conditional recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence) Implementation considerations. A. Dose: 8 mg/kg of actual weight, single-dose, intravenously), maximum dose 800 mg; B. Administer dexamethasone 8 mg (or equivalent) for 10 days together with tocilizumab; C. The recommendation applies to: 1. patients with severe disease defined as SpO2 = 92% with room air and/or patients receiving supplemental oxygen (including a high-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation); 2. critically ill patients: requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.


En COVID-19, existen estados de hiperinflamación, donde la inmunosupresión y bloqueo de receptores de IL-6 podría ser beneficiosa. Se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica con apoyo del grupo metodológico, utilizando el método GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) acerca del uso de tocilizumab para pacientes con COVID-19 grave y crítica. Siguiendo métodos de elaboración de guías de la OMS, se conformó un grupo multidisciplinario compuesto por expertos temáticos clínicos y en políticas públicas, metodólogos y usuarios. Todos lo s participantes del panel y del grupo desarrollador firmaron una declaración de conflicto de interés. Se realizaron búsquedas de estudios aleatorizados hasta el 17 de abril de 2021, en la base de datos LOVE de la fundación Epistemonikos. Se elaboró la síntesis y los perfiles de evidencia utilizando el enfoque GRADE y se desarrolló un modelo para valorar el impacto presupuestario de la incorporación de tociliuzmab. Posteriormente, la recomendación fue graduada en un panel de expertos temáticos. Se sugiere utilizar tocilizumab en hospitalizados con COVID-19 grave y crítica. Recomendación condicional, certeza en la evidencia moderada. Consideraciones para la implementación. A. Dosis: 8 mg/kg de peso real, única dosis, por vía endovenosa, dosis máxima 800 mg; B. Administrar dexametasona 8 mg (o equivalente) por 10 días conjuntamente con tocilizumab; C. La recomendación aplica a: 1. pacientes con enfermedad grave definida como SpO2 = 92% con aire ambiente y/o pacientes que reciben oxígeno suplementario (incluyendo cánula nasal de alto flujo y ventilación no invasiva); 2. pacientes con enfermedad crítica (ventilación mecánica invasiva).


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Humans , Oxygen Saturation , Respiration, Artificial , SARS-CoV-2 , Societies, Medical
7.
Parasite Epidemiol Control ; 8: e00125, 2020 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31890923

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & METHODS: Blastocystis sp. is one of the most prevalent unicellular eukaryote of the human large intestine in Chile and worldwide. It is classified in subtypes (STs), where using the polymorphic sequences of its 18S rRNA genes currently recognizes 22. STs 1-9 and ST12 have been reported in humans. It has been hypothesized that different STs of Blastocystis sp. differentially affect the clinical severity of the digestive disease in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients, but more studies ar4e needed to establish this statement. To contribute in the elucidation of the potential relationship between Blastocystis sp. subtypes and IBS severity, 37 IBS patient fecal samples were collected at hospitals in Santiago (Chile) and were screened for the presence of vacuolated forms of Blastocystis sp. by using conventional microscopy. Positive samples were submitted to PCR and sequencing for determining STs. The same procedure was performed in fecal samples from five non-IBS Blastocystis sp. carriers for preliminary comparative purpose. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Four out of the 37 samples from the IBS patients were found positive for Blastocystis sp. (10.81%) by using microscopy. The presence of this microorganism in these four samples were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Subtypes and their respective closest match alleles were searched and the ST1, ST2 and ST4 subtypes were found in these patients. ST4 subtype is scarcely detected in South America countries, being reported previously only in Colombia and Brazil. In this ST4 subtype we determined the allele 42 which is the most frequent allele observed in human Blastocystis isolates. In the non-IBS individuals' carriers, three subtypes were found: ST1, ST2 and ST3, even belonging to the same family group. Closest match alleles: 2, 12 and 34 here detected were also commonly reported globally. Instead of the small number of IBS patients studied here, the frequency of blastocystosis detected (10.81%) was lower than the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infections described for the Chilean general population (30.4%). In Chile, clear correlation of Blastocystis sp. subtypes and IBS severity is still lacking with this study but it may lead and contribute to a better understanding of its pathogenicity and worldwide epidemiology.

8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 84(1): 29-46, 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558448

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción : El objetivo de este estudio fue exami nar cómo la variabilidad geográfica y los determinantes sociales de la salud influyen en la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 en Bariloche. Métodos : Se utilizó una base de datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica para analizar los casos positivos de COVID-19 desde enero de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021. Los datos se geo-codificaron y se incorporaron en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). Se aplicó un marco de análisis en tres pasos para medir la inequidad en salud, utilizando indicadores socioeconómicos y de acceso a servicios. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para predecir la letalidad. Resultados : Se diagnosticaron un total de 25 020 casos de COVID-19 en Bariloche durante el período de estudio. La letalidad fue del 2.1%. Se observó una variabilidad significativa en indicadores socioeconó micos entre las diferentes delegaciones territoriales de la ciudad. Discusión : Los resultados mostraron inequida des en salud y una asociación entre determinantes sociales y letalidad por COVID-19 en Bariloche. Las personas que vivían en áreas con mayor vulnerabili dad socioeconómica presentaron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de abordar las inequidades en salud en la respuesta a una pandemia.


Abstract Introduction : The objective of this study was to ana lyze the geographic variability and the relationship between social determinants of health and COVID-19 lethality in Bariloche. Methods : A database from the National Epidemiologi cal Surveillance System was used to analyze COVID-19 positive cases from January 2020 to December 2021. The data were geocoded and incorporated into a geo graphic information system (GIS). A three-step analytical framework was applied to measure health inequity, us ing socioeconomic indicators and access to services. A multivariate analysis was conducted to predict fatality. Results : A total of 25 020 COVID-19 cases were diag nosed in Bariloche during the study period. The fatality rate was 2.1%. Significant variability in socioeconomic indicators was observed among different territorial delegations of the city. Discussion : The results showed health inequities and an association between social determinants and COVID-19 lethality in Bariloche. Individuals living in areas with higher socioeconomic vulnerability had a higher risk of mortality. These findings highlight the importance of addressing health inequities in a pan demic response.

9.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 15: e111-e111, 16 Febrero 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1451667

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se reportaron casos de un síndrome de inflamación multisistémica similar a la enfermedad de Kawasaki con antecedente de infección reciente o contacto con casos de COVID-19, generando una relación temporal con dicha enfermedad (SIM-C). El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de los casos de SIM-C en menores de 18 años. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo de casos de SIM-C en menores de 18 años asistidos entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2022 en el sistema público de la provincia de Neuquén. RESULTADOS: Serie de casos: Se incluyó a 9 pacientes con SIM-C: 55,5% de sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 6,1 años. El 77,7% de los casos de COVID-19 fueron confirmados por nexo epidemiológico. Todos los pacientes presentaron fiebre previa a la internación, el 88,8% tuvo manifestaciones mucocutáneas y compromiso abdominal. Otras manifestaciones frecuentes fueron compromiso ocular y edema de manos. El 33,3% de los pacientes requirieron internación en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Solo 1 necesitó asistencia respiratoria mecánica por 48 horas por shock. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) 2 g/kg, y 3 pacientes recibieron corticoterapia. No hubo fallecimientos ni complicaciones en el seguimiento. DISCUSIÓN: Aunque el pronóstico es favorable, se sugiere realizar estudios que monitoreen los efectos a largo plazo de SIM-C.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pediatrics , COVID-19 , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(3): 351-360, ago. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394451

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las infecciones por hantavirus, ocurren a través de la inhalación de aerosoles provenientes de excretas de roedores infectados. Estos virus causan síndrome cardiopulmonar en el caso de la variante Andes Sur, con una mortalidad que puede alcanzar el 50%. Se presenta como casos esporádicos o en pequeños conglomerados, en los que predomina el contagio interhumano. En este estudio observacional de tipo cohorte histórica, en personas infectadas con hantavirus Andes Sur durante los años 2009 a 2019 que fueron asistidas en el subsector público de salud de San Carlos de Bariloche(Argentina), se buscó identificar factores que pudieran predecir mala evolución (síndrome cardiopulmonar y muerte). Para ello se caracterizó el riesgo para cada una de las variables y, para obtener información clave sobre las relaciones entre las mismas, se aplicó además un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Durante el período de estudio, 38 personas fueron incluidas. La edad media fue de 35 años. Se sospechó contagio de persona a persona en 10/38 (26.8%) casos. El 21.1% (8/28) tuvo al momento del diagnóstico un síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus. Mientras que, 55.3% (21/38) lo desarrolló durante su evolución y 44.7% (17/38) de los infectados fallecieron durante la internación. La edad mayor a 15 años y la plaquetopenia, se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de progresión clínica, mientras que las formas de leves o las personas asintomáticas, el contagio persona a persona o durante un brote epidemiológico, se asociaron con un menor riesgo de muerte.


Abstract Hantavirus infections occur through the inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of infected rodents. These viruses cause a cardiopulmonary syn drome in the case of the Andes Sur variant, with a mortality that can reach 50%. It occurs in sporadic cases or in small clusters, in which interhuman contagion predominates. In this historical cohort-type observational study, in people infected with Andes Sur hantavirus during the years 2009 to 2019 who was assisted in the public health subsector of San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina), it was sought to identify factors that could predict poor evolution (cardiopulmonary syndrome and death). For this, the risk for each of the variables was characterized and, to obtain key information about the relationships between them, a multiple correspondence analysis was also applied. During the study period, 38 people were included. The mean age was 35 years. Person-to-person contagion was suspected in 10/38 (26.8%) cases. 21.1% (8/28) presented a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome at the time of diagnosis, while 55.3% (21/38) developed it during their evolution, and 44.7% (17/38) of those infected died during hospitalization. Age over 15 years and thrombocytopenia were associated with a higher risk of clinical progression, while mild forms or asymptomatic people, person-to-person transmission, or during an epidemiological outbreak, were associated with a lower risk of death.

11.
Front Plant Sci ; 8: 696, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28523009

ABSTRACT

Throughout evolution, plants have developed diverse mechanisms of defense that "prime" their innate immune system for more robust and active induction of defense responses against different types of stress. Nowadays there are numerous reports concerning the molecular bases of priming, as well as the generational priming mechanisms. Information concerning transgenerational priming, however, remains deficient. Some reports have indicated, nonetheless, that the priming status of a plant can be inherited to its offspring. Here, we show that the priming agent ß-aminobutyric acid induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola infection in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) We have analyzed the transgenerational patterns of gene expression of the PvPR1 gene (Phaseolus vulgaris PR1), a highly responsive gene to priming, and show that a transgenerational priming response against pathogen attack can last for at least two generations. We hypothesize that a defense-resistant phenotype and easily identifiable, generational and transgenerational, "primed patterns" of gene expression are excellent indicators of the priming response in crop plants. Furthermore, we propose here that modern plant breeding methods and crop improvement efforts must include the use of elicitors to prime induced resistance in the field and, above all, to select for induced heritable states in progeny that is primed for defense.

12.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 34(3): 528-537, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29267779

ABSTRACT

This article describes the experience of the MEF's impact evaluation management as one of the RBB instruments and documents the design and results obtained from three impact evaluations of the most emblematic government social programs. The Service of Visiting Families (SAF) of the National Program "Cuna Mas", conditional cash transfer Program "JUNTOS" and National Program "Pension 65" focusing on objective population's health the outcomes. Among the main results, it was found the SAF generated improvements in cognitive and communication development in children, but had no impact on mothers' child care practices or children's nutritional status. In the case of JUNTOS, there were increases in per capita spending, food expenditure, decreases in severity and poverty gap, increases in school attendance and reductions of school dropout. However, no significant results were found in most indicators of prenatal health, child health, or chronic malnutrition. In the case of Pension 65, there were increases in household consumption and improvements in elderly's emotional health (depression, self valoration); but there was no evidence of increases in the use of health services by the elderly or improvements in their physical health. Therefore, it is recommended that such programs boost their designs and inter-sectoral coordination with MINSA and subnational institutions, in order to improve contents of healthy practices and child care, and optimize the provision of health and education services, in order to meet the demands of their users.


Este artículo describe la experiencia en la gestión de evaluaciones de impacto del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF) como uno de los instrumentos del presupuesto por resultados, y documenta el diseño de las evaluaciones de impacto a tres programas sociales emblemáticos y los resultados obtenidos, haciendo énfasis en aquellos vinculados a la salud de su población objetivo. Estos son el Servicio de Acompañamiento a Familias (SAF) del Programa Nacional Cuna Más, el Programa Nacional de Apoyo Directo a los Más Pobres JUNTOS y el Programa Nacional de Asistencia Solidaria Pensión 65. Los resultados muestran que el SAF generó mejoras en el desarrollo cognitivo y de lenguaje en los niños mas no en las prácticas de cuidado infantil de las madres, ni en el estado nutricional de los niños. JUNTOS logró incrementos en el gasto per cápita, gasto en alimentos, disminución de la severidad de pobreza y mejoras en el logro educativo. Sin embargo, no se encontraron resultados significativos en la mayoría de indicadores de salud prenatal ni estado nutricional infantil. Pensión 65 mejoró la salud emocional del adulto mayor (depresión, autovaloración), pero no se evidenció aumentos en el uso de servicios de salud por parte de los adultos mayores ni mejoras en su salud física. Se recomienda que dichos programas fortalezcan sus diseños y acciones de articulación con el Ministerio de Salud y entre diferentes niveles de Gobierno, cuando corresponda, a fin de mejorar la oferta y contenidos de las prácticas saludables y optimizar la prestación de los servicios de salud.


Subject(s)
Budgets , Government Programs , Health Impact Assessment , Poverty/prevention & control , Public Policy , Humans , Peru , Program Evaluation
13.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 75(1): 49-54, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16837708

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of high altitude effect on tuberculosis (TB) infection has not been fully established. We previously reported a lower positive tuberculin skin test (TST) prevalence in high altitude villages compared with sea level communities in Peru. In this study, four additional communities were tested to assess whether decreased TB transmission was also in urban environments at high altitude. TST results from 3,629 individuals in nine communities were analyzed using generalized estimating equations to account for community clustering. Positive TST prevalence was not significantly different between the urban highland and the urban non-highland communities after adjusting for age, household contacts with a TST-positive person or a TB case, and presence of a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination scar. The effect of population concentration and increased contact with active TB overwhelmed the protective effect of altitude in urban highlands. Highland cities require the same preventive efforts against TB as non-highland communities.


Subject(s)
Altitude , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology , Rural Population , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , BCG Vaccine , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Peru/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Tuberculin Test
14.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 13: 1-7, 5/02/2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, ARGMSAL, BINACIS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1150908

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETS) es el proceso sistemático de valorización de las propiedades, los efectos y el impacto de la tecnología utilizada. La institucionalización de la ETS es una herramienta fundamental para llevar adelante las políticas de salud y conseguir mejores resultados con mayor eficiencia y equidad. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el estado actual en la institucionalización de la ETS a nivel nacional y conocer las características de estas organizaciones. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio exploratorio transversal descriptivo a través de una encuesta autoadministrada para identificar organizaciones que realizan ETS y describir sus características, recursos, producción y procesos. RESULTADOS: Se recibieron encuestas de 70 instituciones, de las cuales 39 realizan informes de ETS. Entre las limitaciones referidas para su implementación se señaló la falta de recursos humanos capacitados y de financiamiento específico. Según el 80%, para mejorar el impacto de las recomendaciones es importante incrementar el apoyo organizacional, dinamizar las estructuras de toma de decisiones y estimular los canales de comunicación y redes establecidas. DISCUSIÓN: Existe una considerable capacidad institucional para desarrollar ETS en Argentina. Los datos obtenidos permiten guiar el esfuerzo para fomentar el uso de la ETS en la toma de decisiones, fortalecer los vínculos entre las organizaciones identificadas, incrementar el intercambio de información y articular esfuerzos


INTRODUCTION: Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is the systematic process of assessing the properties, effects and impact of the technology used. The institutionalization of the HTA is a fundamental tool to carry out health policies and achieve better results with more efficiency and equity. The objective of the study was to describe current state of the institutionalization of HTA in Argentina and to know the characteristics of these organizations. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted through a selfadministered survey to identify organizations and to describe their characteristics, resources, production and processes for the development of HTA. RESULTS: A total of 70 surveys were received, 39 of those institutions carry out HTA reports. The lack of trained human resources and the lack of specific financing were among the limitations for the implementation of HTA. According to 80% of respondents, it is important to increase organizational support, streamline decision-making structures and foster the established communication channels and networks in order to improve the impact of the recommendations. DISCUSSION: There is a significant institutional capacity to develop HTA in Argentina. The data obtained can serve as a reference to promote the use of HTA in decision-making, strengthen the links between the organizations identified, increase information exchange and coordinate efforts


Subject(s)
Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Health Systems , Utilization Review , Decision Making
15.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 13(Suplemento COVID-19): 1-8, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, ARGMSAL, BINACIS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1222755

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha sugerido que el tratamiento con plasma de convaleciente en la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) mejora la evolución clínica en los casos moderados a graves. Este estudio fue diseñado para evaluar los efectos de este tratamiento en comparación con el tratamiento estándar o placebo en la mortalidad, el ingreso a asistencia ventilatoria mecánica y otros desenlaces críticos en personas hospitalizados con COVID-19 moderada a grave. MÉTODOS: Se siguieron los lineamientos PRISMA para la realización de una revisión sistemática. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la plataforma L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) de COVID-19 hasta el 15 de enero de 2021. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos en los cuales se estudiaron personas con COVID-19 moderada, grave o crítica. La certeza de la evidencia se analizó mediante el enfoque de evaluación, desarrollo y evaluación de recomendaciones (GRADE, por su sigla en inglés). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 10 ensayos controlados aleatorizados que incluyeron 11 854 pacientes, en los que se comparó el tratamiento con plasma de convaleciente y las medidas estándares de cuidado o placebo en pacientes con COVID-19. Estos no mostraron diferencias significativas sobre la mortalidad (riesgo relativo: 1,02; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,94-1,12). Podría producir un aumento marginal en el ingreso a ventilación mecánica y de los eventos adversos graves. DISCUSION: La evidencia actual muestra que el uso de plasma de convaleciente no tiene efecto en desenlaces críticos en pacientes con COVID-19 moderada o grave.


INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that treatment with convalescent plasma in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) improves the clinical course in moderate to severe cases. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of this treatment compared to standard treatment or placebo on mortality, admission to mechanical ventilation, and other critical outcomes in people hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. METHODS: The PRISMA guidelines were followed to carry out a systematic review. A systematic search was carried out on the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19 until January 15, 2021. Clinical trials were included in which people with moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 were studied. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using the recommendation evaluation, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: We identified 10 randomized controlled trials involving 11 854 patients in which convalescent plasma treatment and standard measures of care or placebo were compared in patients with COVID-19. These did not show significant differences on mortality (relative risk: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.94-1.12). It could produce a marginal increase in admission to mechanical ventilation and serious adverse events. DISCUSSION: Current evidence shows that the use of convalescent plasma has no effect on critical outcomes in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19


Subject(s)
Argentina , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(6): 1015-1035, ago. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365097

ABSTRACT

Resumen En COVID-19, existen estados de hiperinflamación, donde la inmunosupresión y bloqueo de receptores de IL-6 podría ser beneficiosa. Se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica con apoyo del gru po metodológico, utilizando el método GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) acerca del uso de tocilizumab para pacientes con COVID-19 grave y crítica. Siguiendo métodos de elaboración de guías de la OMS, se conformó un grupo multidisciplinario compuesto por expertos temáticos clí nicos y en políticas públicas, metodólogos y usuarios. Todos lo s participantes del panel y del grupo desarrollador firmaron una declaración de conflicto de interés. Se realizaron búsquedas de estudios aleatorizados hasta el 17 de abril de 2021, en la base de datos L.OVE de la fundación Epistemonikos. Se elaboró la síntesis y los perfiles de evidencia utilizando el enfoque GRADE y se desarrolló un modelo para valorar el impacto presupuestario de la incorporación de tociliuzmab. Posteriormente, la recomendación fue graduada en un panel de expertos temáti cos. Se sugiere utilizar tocilizumab en hospitalizados con COVID-19 grave y crítica. Recomendación condicional, certeza en la evidencia moderada. Consideraciones para la implementación. A. Dosis: 8 mg/kg de peso real, única dosis, por vía endovenosa, dosis máxima 800 mg; B. Administrar dexametasona 8 mg (o equivalente) por 10 días conjuntamente con tocilizumab; C. La recomendación aplica a: 1. pacientes con enfermedad grave definida como SpO2 ≤ 92% con aire ambiente y/o pacientes que reciben oxígeno suplementario (incluyendo cánula nasal de alto flujo y ventilación no invasiva); 2. pacientes con enfermedad crítica (ventilación mecánica invasiva).


Abstract In COVID-19, there are states of hyperinflammation in severely or critically ill people, where immu nosuppression and blocking of IL-6 receptors could be beneficial. Faced with this situation, with the support of a methods group using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, about the use of tocilizumab for patients with severe and critical illness coronavirus. This guide fo cuses on making recommendations for the use of tocilizumab in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. This clinical practice guideline was prepared following the WHO guideline development methods. A multidisciplinary development group was formed, with clinical and health policy experts, methodologists and users. Panel and methods group members signed a declaration of conflict of interest. We searched the Epistemonikos Founda tion's L.OVE database for randomized studies up to April 17, 2021. The synthesis and evidence profiles were prepared using the GRADE approach and an economic model was developed. Among hospitalized adults with progressive severe or critical COVID-19, the guideline panel su ggests tocilizumab. (Conditional recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence) Implementation considerations. A. Dose: 8 mg/kg of actual weight, single-dose, intravenously), maximum dose 800 mg; B. Administer dexamethasone 8 mg (or equivalent) for 10 days together with tocilizumab; C. The recommendation applies to: 1. patients with severe disease defined as SpO2 ≤ 92% with room air and/or patients receiving supplemental oxygen (including a high-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation); 2. critically ill patients: requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

17.
Front Plant Sci ; 7: 653, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27242854

ABSTRACT

To survive in adverse conditions, plants have evolved complex mechanisms that "prime" their defense system to respond and adapt to stresses. Their competence to respond to such stresses fundamentally depends on its capacity to modulate the transcriptome rapidly and specifically. Thus, chromatin dynamics is a mechanism linked to transcriptional regulation and enhanced defense in plants. For example, in Arabidopsis, priming of the SA-dependent defense pathway is linked to histone lysine methylation. Such modifications could create a memory of the primary infection that is associated with an amplified gene response upon exposure to a second stress-stimulus. In addition, the priming status of a plant for induced resistance can be inherited to its offspring. However, analyses on the molecular mechanisms of generational and transgenerational priming in the common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.), an economically important crop, are absent. Here, we provide evidence that resistance to P. syringae pv. phaseolicola infection was induced in the common bean with the synthetic priming activators BABA and INA. Resistance was assessed by evaluating symptom appearance, pathogen accumulation, changes in gene expression of defense genes, as well as changes in the H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks at the promoter-exon regions of defense-associated genes. We conclude that defense priming in the common bean occurred in response to BABA and INA and that these synthetic activators primed distinct genes for enhanced disease resistance. We hope that an understanding of the molecular changes leading to defense priming and pathogen resistance will provide valuable knowledge for producing disease-resistant crop varieties by exposing parental plants to priming activators, as well as to the development of novel plant protection chemicals that stimulate the plant's inherent disease resistance mechanisms.

18.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(6): 1150-1156, nov.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-198306

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: en pacientes con obesidad severa y mórbida se ha observado que la evaluación por bioimpedanciometría (BIA) genera una subestimación de la masa grasa (MG) y del peso perdido como MG después de la cirugía bariátrica, sobreestimándose la pérdida de masa libre de grasa (MLG) y la masa muscular. OBJETIVO: evaluar la confiabilidad de la BIA para estimar el agua corporal total (ACT), la MLG, la MG y sus cambios después de 6 meses de un baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BPGYR) en pacientes con obesidad severa y mórbida. MÉTODOS: 36 adultos con indicación de BPGYR se estudiaron prospectivamente. Se midió el ACT por deuterio (D) y se calcularon la MLG y MG. Con BIA de doble frecuencia (5 y 200 kHz) (Bodystat Dualscan(R)) se estimaron la MG, la MLG, el ACT, el agua extracelular (AEC), el agua intracelular (AIC) y la relación AEC/AIC. RESULTADOS: antes del BPGYR, la BIA sobreestimó el ACT en 2,6 ± 4,3 L (p = 0,002) y la MLG en 3,5 ± 5,7 kg (p = 0,002), y subestimó el %MG en 2,98 ± 4,7% (p = 0,002). La relación AEC/AIC mostró una correlación positiva con la sobreestimación de la MLG por BIA (r = 0,49; p = 0,002). Después de la cirugía, las diferencias entre BIA y D no fueron significativas y el error de estimación de la MLG no se correlacionó con la relación AEC/AIC. CONCLUSIONES: la BIA genera una subestimación de la MG como la reportada, la cual se atenúa después de la reducción de peso, subestimando el peso perdido como MG y sobreestimando la pérdida de MLG. Futuras investigaciones podrán evaluar si estos errores se reproducen con otros equipos de BIA


INTRODUCTION: in patients with severe and morbid obesity it has been observed that bioimpedance (BIA) assessment generates an underestimation of fat mass (FM) and weight loss as FM after bariatric surgery, overestimating the loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and its changes after 6 months of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), in patients with severe and morbid obesity. METHODS: thirty-six patients approved for RYGBP were prospectively studied. TBW was measured by deuterium (D), and FM and FFM were calculated. A dual-frequency BIA device (5 and 200 kHz) (Bodystat Dualscan(R)) was used to estimate FM, FFM, TBW, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and ECW/ICW ratio. RESULTS: before RYGBP, BIA overestimated TBW by 2.6 ± 4.3 L (p = 0.002) and FFM by 3.5 ± 5.7 kg (p = 0.002), and underestimated FM% by 2.98 ± 4.7% (p = 0.002). The ECW/ICW ratio showed a significant and positive correlation with the difference BIA-D for FFM (r = 0.49; p = 0.002). After surgery, the differences between BIA and D were not significant, and the estimation error of FFM did not correlate with the ECW/ICW ratio. CONCLUSIONS: BIA generates an underestimation of FM as reported in patients with severe and morbid obesity, which is attenuated after weight reduction, underestimating weight loss as FM and overestimating FFM loss. Future research may assess whether these errors are reproduced by other BIA devices


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Composition/physiology , Weight Loss/physiology , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y/methods , Body Water/physiology , Severity of Illness Index , Electric Impedance , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Prospective Studies , Body Fat Distribution/methods , Body Mass Index
19.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 23(4): e002088, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141085

ABSTRACT

En epidemias de enfermedades altamente infecciosas como el COVID-19, de transmisión a través de gotas expulsadas por la boca de la persona infectada, los trabajadores de la salud tienen un riesgo mayor de infección que la población en general, debido a su contacto con fluidos corporales y aerosoles generados por los pacientes. La existencia de un porcentaje que podría llegar a ser de hasta un 50 %, de portadores asintomáticos con capacidad de contagio, preocupa al momento de planificar la atención quirúrgica. Con el objetivo de desarrollar la presente guía, se realizó una síntesis y valoración crítica de la evidencia disponible sobre el tema, con el fin de responder determinadas preguntas clínicas (utilización de barbijo N95 vs barbijo quirúrgico en cirugía, realización de test diagnóstico para SARS-CoV2 previo a cirugía) utilizando metodología GRADE. La mascarilla N95 podría ser beneficiosa en el personal que realiza procedimientos que favorecen la aerosolización del virus, tales como traqueostomía y ventilación manual con bolsa de autoinsuflación previo a la intubación, entre otros. El testeo del paciente, previo a una cirugía, puede ser considerado en escenarios en los que existe disponibilidad de la de terminación. Es necesario evaluar la complejidad de la cirugía, evitando que el retraso causado por la realización de la prueba resulte en daño para el paciente. El conjunto de recomendaciones debe ser implementado teniendo en cuenta el recurso disponible de equipos de protección personal, las características de las intervenciones quirúrgicas (procedimientos que generen aerosoles) y el tipo de circulación viral en la población general (existencia de transmisión comunitaria). (AU)


In epidemics of highly contagious diseases such as COVID-19, transmitted through drops expelled from the infected person's mouth, health care workers have a higher risk of infection than the general population, due to their contact with fluidsand patient-generated aerosols. The existence of a percentage that could be up to 50 % of asymptomatic carriers with contagion capacity, worries when planning surgical care. To develop an evidence-based protocol, a synthesis and critical evaluation of the evidence was carried out in order to answer clinical questions (use of N95 chinstrap versus surgical chin during surgery, diagnostic test for SARS-CoV2 before surgery) using the GRADE methodology. The N95 mask could be beneficial for personnel who perform procedures that favor the aerosolization of the virus, such as tracheostomy and manual ventilation with a self-inflating bag before intubation, among others. The testing of patients prior to surgery can be evaluated in scenarios where the inputs for making determinations are available. It is necessary to evaluate the complexity of the surgery, avoiding that the delay caused by the test results in harm to the patient. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/virology , Operating Rooms , General Surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Hand Disinfection , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Pandemics , Surgical Clearance , Betacoronavirus , GRADE Approach , Masks
20.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 12(Suplemento Covid-19): 1-8, 23 de Julio 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, ARGMSAL, BINACIS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1140653

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la publicación reciente de los resultados preliminares de un ensayo aleatorizado multicéntrico, que informan sobre la efectividad del tratamiento con dexametasona en pacientes con infección grave por SARS-CoV-2, plantea la necesidad de hacer una revisión de la literatura e identificar y valorar de manera crítica la evidencia sobre la efectividad y seguridad de esta intervención. METODOS: se realizó una búsqueda amplia, no sistemática. Se utilizó la metodología GRADE para la evaluación de la certeza en la evidencia incluida. Se conformó un equipo multidisciplinario para elaborar un informe de evaluación de tecnología sanitaria. RESULTADOS: el uso de glucocorticoides (dexametasona en dosis de 6 mg/día por 10 días) en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 mostró reducir la mortalidad global a los 28 días (riesgo relativo [RR]: 0,83; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,75-0,93), con un número necesario a tratar (NNT) de 33 (confianza alta). En pacientes con neumonía grave con requerimientos de asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM) se observó una disminución de la mortalidad (RR: 0,64; IC95%: 0,51-0,81; NNT: 8,5) (confianza moderada). En pacientes con neumonía grave con requerimientos de oxígeno sin AVM también se informa una reducción de la mortalidad (RR: 0,82; IC95%: 0,72-0,94) (confianza moderada). En pacientes con neumonía sin requerimientos de oxígeno (RR: 1,19; IC95%: 0,91-1,55) no se evidenció beneficio con el uso de esta intervención (confianza baja). No se describieron efectos adversos en los pacientes críticos con el uso de corticoides en las dosis utilizadas. DISCUSIÓN: se recomienda la administración de dexametasona en dosis de 6 mg/día (dosis bajas) durante 10 días en los pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 y requerimientos de oxigenoterapia o AVM.


INTRODUCTION: The recent publication of the preliminary results of a multicenter randomized trial reporting the effectiveness of dexamethasone treatment in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; raises the need to conduct a literature review, identify and critically assess the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of this intervention. METHODS: a broad, non-systematic search was carried out. The GRADE methodology was used to assess the certainty of the included evidence. A multidisciplinary team was formed to carry out a Health Technology Assessment report. RESULTS: the use of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 6 mg / day for 10 days) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia will reduce global mortality at 28 days, (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93), with a number necessary to treat (NNT) of 33, (High confidence). In patients with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), a decrease in mortality was reported (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81, NNT 8.5) (Moderate confidence). In patients with severe pneumonia with oxygen requirements without MV, it reports a reduction in mortality (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94), (Moderate confidence). The adverse effects of corticosteroids in critically ill patients have not been described with these doses used. DISCUSSION: the administration of dexamethasone 6 mg / day (low doses) for 10 days is recommended in patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated severe pneumonia and oxygen or mechanical ventilation requirements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Dexamethasone , Coronavirus Infections , Argentina
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