ABSTRACT
The preparation of stable composed eye drops with epinephrine, zinc sulfate and procaine was studied. It was proved that the preparation using Adrenalnum solutum Spofa does not guarantee sufficient stability. It follows from the results that the stability of eye drops can be prolonged from 2 or 3 d to 1 month by the addition of 0.05% L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine and sodium metabisulfite respectively.
Subject(s)
Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Sulfates/administration & dosage , Zinc/administration & dosage , Acetylcysteine , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Cysteine , Drug Compounding , Drug Stability , Ophthalmic Solutions , Sulfites , Time Factors , Zinc SulfateABSTRACT
Linking up with the topical activities of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) in defining the concepts generic alternative, generic substitution, therapeutic alternative, therapeutic substitution and therapeutic replacement and the proposed policy, the paper describes the state and development in the field of generics. The attention is devoted to the position of generics in selected countries, their definitions, labelling, pricing and generic substitution.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Generic , Therapeutic Equivalency , Drug Costs , Drug LabelingABSTRACT
The paper discusses the problems of orphan drugs from the standpoint of the attitude of state authorities in the USA, Japan, and particularly Europe (the European Union) to their definition and the formation of appropriate legislation--financial provision for the development, production, provision of exclusive sale rights--which warranties the availability of the drug to every patient suffering from a rare disease.
Subject(s)
Health Policy , Orphan Drug Production , Orphan Drug Production/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , European Union , Japan , Orphan Drug Production/economics , United StatesABSTRACT
The review paper studies kojic acid, a secondary metabolite of fibrous fungi, as a carrier chemical structure of potential pharmaceuticals. The examined preparative procedures, physico-chemical and biologic properties, and especially the antifungal and antileukemic effects of the parent kojic acid indicate that novel potential drugs can be developed on its basis.
Subject(s)
Mycotoxins/chemistry , Mycotoxins/therapeutic use , Pyrones/chemistry , Pyrones/therapeutic use , Animals , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Humans , Leukemia/drug therapy , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The present paper deals with the problems of the graduate study of pharmacy with regard to the relationship of theoretical and practical teaching. The situation in Slovakia is discussed and compared with the present-day states in some countries of Western Europe.
Subject(s)
Education, Pharmacy, Graduate , Europe , SlovakiaABSTRACT
Most drugs introduced into the GIT are absorbed into the stomach and/or the small intestine according to their chemical character. Some drugs (their number is on the increase) require targeted supply to a certain site in the GIT if their biological activity is to be manifested and made use of. Fulfilling this condition, which concerns primarily peptides and proteins, requires adjustments of dosage forms. Much effort is put forth to shift absorption into the large intestine (colon), which is advantageous from the viewpoint of circadian biorhythms.
Subject(s)
Digestive System/metabolism , Dosage Forms , Pharmacokinetics , Biological Availability , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Humans , Intestinal AbsorptionABSTRACT
Authors pay their attention to the issue of names of pharmaceuticals and drugs and their relationship to their therapeutic use. They specify way of making names of pharmaceuticals and structure of those names (chemical name, trivial name, generic name, unprotected name--INN, name in dispensatory) and way of making names of drugs (protected titles of original drugs, names of generic drugs). One part of the work comprises a chapter applying to subsidiary pharmaceutical agents and their E-code.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Terminology as Topic , Drugs, GenericABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to continue in a study of utilization of synthetic triacylglycerides of higher aliphatic acids as additives improving the flow properties of granulates and reducing die friction in the tabletting press. These effects are not supposed to interfere with the drug liberation velocity. We have evaluated the effects of the synthetic triacylglycerides in theophylline containing model tablets using magnesium stearate as the reference standard. Magnesium stearate is the lubricant of choice in the production, found in up to 80% of all industrially produced tablets.