Three-Component Construction of Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Incorporation into Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Conduction.

Solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and satisfactory electrochemical stability are essential for the development of solid-state batteries. However, current strategies, including polymer (and polymer-based composite) electrolytes, still face challenges in meeting the bar set by real operations. We seek to improve the Li-ion conduction of the electrolytes by incorporating mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into the polymer matrix. Specifically, MOFs with pores larger than 3.0 nm are constructed by three-component reactions that involve the construction of both coordinative and dynamic imine linkages. The MOFs allow polymer penetration and amorphization and efficient lithium salt dissociation in the confined channels. Numerous metal sites and organic functionalities in the MOF backbone further assist the ion migration by providing strong interactions with the fluorinated polymer and the Li+. Remarkable ionic conductivity (0.95 mS cm-1) and a large lithium transference number (0.64) are achieved. Overall, the study fully utilizes both the MOF structural units with atomic precision and the encompassed space at the mesoscale for solid-state electrolyte development.

GCPDFFNet: Small Object Detection for Rice Blast Recognition.

Early detection of rice blast disease is pivotal to ensure rice yield. We collected in situ images of rice blast and constructed a rice blast dataset based on variations in lesion shape, size, and color. Given that rice blast lesions are small and typically exhibit round, oval, and fusiform shapes, we proposed a small object detection model named GCPDFFNet (global context-based parallel differentiation feature fusion network) for rice blast recognition. The GCPDFFNet model has three global context feature extraction modules and two parallel differentiation feature fusion modules. The global context modules are employed to focus on the lesion areas; the parallel differentiation feature fusion modules are used to enhance the recognition effect of small-sized lesions. In addition, we proposed the SCYLLA normalized Wasserstein distance loss function, specifically designed to accelerate model convergence and improve the detection accuracy of rice blast disease. Comparative experiments were conducted on the rice blast dataset to evaluate the performance of the model. The proposed GCPDFFNet model outperformed the baseline network CenterNet, with a significant increase in mean average precision from 83.6 to 95.4% on the rice blast test set while maintaining a satisfactory frames per second drop from 147.9 to 122.1. Our results suggest that the GCPDFFNet model can accurately detect in situ rice blast disease while ensuring the inference speed meets the real-time requirements.

Through-Space Charge-Transfer Organogold(III) Complexes Enable High-Performance X-ray Scintillation and Imaging.

Organic scintillators have recently attracted growing attention for X-ray detection in industrial and medical applications. However, these materials still face critical obstacles of low attenuation efficiency and/or inefficient triplet exciton utilization. Here we developed a new category of organogold(III) complexes, Tp-Au-1 and Tp-Au-2, through adopting a through-space interaction motif to realize high X-ray attenuation efficiency and efficient harvesting of triplet excitons for emission. Thanks to the efficient through-space charge transfer process, this panel of complexes achieved higher photoluminescence quantum yield and shorter radiative lifetimes compared with the through-bond reference complexes. Inspiringly, these organogold(III) complexes exhibited polarity-dependent emission origins: thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence. Under X-ray irradiation, Tp-Au-2 manifested intense radioluminescence together with a record-high scintillation light yield of 77,600 photons MeV-1 for organic scintillators. The resulting scintillator screens demonstrated high-quality X-ray imaging with >16.0 line pairs mm-1 spatial resolution, outstripping most organic and inorganic scintillators. This finding provides a feasible strategy for the design of superior organic X-ray scintillators.

Dynamic Reversible Full-Color Piezochromic Fluorogens Featuring Through-Space Charge-Transfer Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and their Application as X-Ray Imaging Scintillators.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring through-space charge transfer (TSCT) can be excellent candidates for piezochromic luminescent (PCL) materials due to their structural dynamics. Spatial donor-acceptor (D-A) stacking arrangements enable the modulation of inter- and intramolecular D-A interactions, as well as spatial charge transfer states, under varying pressure conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective approach toward dynamic reversible full-color PCL materials with TSCT-TADF characteristics. Their single crystals exhibit a full-color-gamut PCL process spanning a range of 170 nm. Moreover, the TSCT-TADF-PCL emitters display a unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and show promising application in X-ray scintillator imaging.

Light-Triggered Reversible Swelling of Polymeric Spheres via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) assembled by monodisperse colloidal particles have attracted enormous interest recently due to their tremendous applications in smart devices. Their structural colors can be determined by particle sizes. However, the lack of a reliable way to tune the sizes in situ limits their development. Herein, we present an efficient route to solve this problem through the fabrication of spherical polymeric particles with light-triggered reversible swelling behavior via surfactant-free reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Amphiphilic macro-RAFT agents containing azobenzene groups were synthesized and subsequently employed to mediate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Uniform submicron spheres were obtained by modulating solid contents and other parameters. Benefiting from the photoisomerization of azobenzene moieties, the particle sizes expanded and contracted upon alternative ultraviolet/visible-light irradiation accordingly. This strategy will be a supplement to the emulsion PISA and especially give aid to the progress of the RPC materials.

Could long-term dialysis vintage and abnormal calcium, phosphorus and iPTH control accelerate aging among the maintenance hemodialysis population?

OBJECTIVE: Aging is a complex process of physiological dysregulation of the body system and is common in hemodialysis patients. However, limited studies have investigated the links between dialysis vintage, calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH control and aging. The purpose of the current study was to examine these associations. METHODS: During 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 3025 hemodialysis patients from 27 centers in Anhui Province, China. Biological age was calculated by a formula using chronological age and clinical indicators. The absence of the target range for serum phosphorus (0.87-1.45 mmol/L), corrected calcium (2.1-2.5 mmol/L) and iPTH (130-585 pg/mL) were identified as abnormal calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH control. RESULTS: A total of 1131 hemodialysis patients were included, 59.2% of whom were males (669/1131). The mean (standard deviation) of actual age and biological age were 56.07 (12.79) years and 66.94 (25.88), respectively. The median of dialysis vintage was 4.3 years. After adjusting for the confounders, linear regression models showed patients with abnormal calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH control and on hemodialysis for less than 4.3 years (B = 0.211, p = .002) or on hemodialysis for 4.3 years or more (B = 0.302, p < .001), patients with normal calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH control and on hemodialysis for 4.3 years or more (B = 0.087, p = .013) had a higher biological age. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the hypothesis that long-term hemodialysis and abnormal calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH control may accelerate aging in the hemodialysis population. Further studies are warrant to verify the significance of maintaining normal calcium-phosphorus metabolism in aging.

Lysozyme Amyloid Fibril-Integrated PEG Injectable Hydrogel Adhesive with Improved Antiswelling and Antibacterial Capabilities.

Hydrogels with inherent antibacterial activities have been attracting increasing attention, particularly for biomedical applications. Biology provides a range of materials and mechanisms to meet diverse requirements for bacterial combating. Lysozyme after fibrillation (LZMF) has a much superior antibacterial ability than globular native lysozyme due to its decreased positive charges and increased hydrophobic ß-sheet component. Here, we propose to design a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) cross-linked LZMF composite antibacterial hydrogel by utilizing the nucleophilic substitution reaction between LZMF and N-hydroxysuccinimide end groups on four-arm PEG-NHS. The generated PEG-LZMF hydrogel is bacteria-resistant both in vitro and in vivo as expected and has good biocompatibility. Moreover, the volume expansion of PEG can be significantly inhibited due to the presence of hydrophobic lysozyme amyloid fibrils. In addition, the relatively fast cross-linking reaction can make PEG-LZMF both injectable and shape-compatible. The simultaneous reaction with tissue-exposed -NH2 or -SH also confers a tissue-adhesive ability. We envision that this hydrophobic lysozyme amyloid fibril-integrated PEG composite hydrogel can effectively adhere/protect open wounds and internal incisions and suppress pathogen infection through a biomimetic antibacterial mechanism. Considering the simple fabrication process, this multifunctional PEG-LZMF antibacterial hydrogel is promising for clinical transformation.

Quantum Battery Based on Hybrid Field Charging.

A quantum battery consisting of an ensemble two-level atom is investigated. The battery is charged simultaneously by a harmonic field and an electrostatic field. The results show that the hybrid charging is superior to the previous case of only harmonic field charging in terms of battery capacity and charging power, regardless of whether the interaction between atoms is considered or not. In addition, the repulsive interaction between atoms will increase the battery capacity and charging power, while the attractive interaction between atoms will reduce the battery capacity and discharge power.

Effect of freezing on electrical properties and quality of thawed chicken breast meat.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to study the electrical properties and quality of frozen-thawed chicken breast meat and to investigate the relationship between these parameters at different times of frozen storage. METHODS: Thawed samples of chicken breast muscles were evaluated after being kept in frozen storage at -18°C for different periods of time (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 months). RESULTS: The results showed that water-holding capacity (WHC) and protein solubility decreased while thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content increased with increasing storage time. The impedance module of samples decreased during 8-month frozen storage. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the impedance change ratio (Q value) was significantly (p<0.05) related to pH, color, WHC, lipid oxidation and protein solubility, indicating a good relationship between the electrical properties and qualities of frozen-thawed chicken breast meat. CONCLUSION: Impedance measurement has a potential to assess the quality of frozen chicken meat combining with quality indices.

Evaluating community-embedded elder care: A case study of supply and demand in Hangzhou, China.

INTRODUCTION: With China's urbanization and demographic shifts significantly affecting elder care, this study examines the alignment of community-based elder care services in Hangzhou's Hemu Community. It addresses the gap in understanding how these services meet the needs of an aging population in a rapidly changing social context. METHODS: A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was utilized, involving interviews with community residents, observations of elder care service operations and thorough document analysis. The objective was to evaluate the adequacy, utilization and satisfaction levels concerning these elder care services. RESULTS: The research identified that, although the services generally meet the community's needs, there are notable challenges in content specificity, quality assurance and promotional efforts. These challenges lead to resistance among older adults. Additionally, issues with service visibility and the lack of robust feedback mechanisms were noted. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical need for a cooperative strategy involving government, community organizations, social entities and businesses in enhancing elder care services. It suggests that improvements in service visibility, content quality and targeted promotion are crucial to address the evolving needs of the aging population and to reduce reluctance in service utilization.

Mechanisms of microRNA-132 in central neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review.

MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) is a highly conserved molecule that plays a crucial regulatory role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The expression levels of miR-132 exhibit variability in various neurological disorders and have been closely linked to disease onset and progression. The expression level of miR-132 in the CNS is regulated by a diverse range of stimuli and signaling pathways, including neuronal migration and integration, dendritic outgrowth, and complexity, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as inflammation and apoptosis activation. The aberrant expression of miR-132 in various central neurodegenerative diseases has garnered widespread attention. Clinical studies have revealed altered miR-132 expression levels in both chronic and acute CNS diseases, positioning miR-132 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. An in-depth exploration of miR-132 holds the promise of enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CNS diseases, thereby offering novel insights and strategies for disease diagnosis and treatment. It is anticipated that this review will assist researchers in recognizing the potential value of miR-132 and in generating innovative ideas for clinical trials related to CNS degenerative diseases.

Down-expression of miR-494-3p in senescent osteocyte-derived exosomes inhibits osteogenesis and accelerates age-related bone loss via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Aims: To investigate the effects of senescent osteocytes on bone homeostasis in the progress of age-related osteoporosis and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: In a series of in vitro experiments, we used tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to induce senescence of MLO-Y4 cells successfully, and collected conditioned medium (CM) and senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes, which were then applied to MC3T3-E1 cells, separately, to evaluate their effects on osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between exosomes from senescent and normal MLO-Y4 cells by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Based on the key miRNAs that were discovered, the underlying mechanism by which senescent osteocytes regulate osteogenic differentiation was explored. Lastly, in the in vivo experiments, the effects of senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes on age-related bone loss were evaluated in male SAMP6 mice, which excluded the effects of oestrogen, and the underlying mechanism was confirmed. Results: The CM and exosomes collected from senescent MLO-Y4 cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. RNA sequencing detected significantly lower expression of miR-494-3p in senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes compared with normal exosomes. The upregulation of exosomal miR-494-3p by miRNA mimics attenuated the effects of senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes on osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-494-3p targeted phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which is a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Overexpression of PTEN or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway blocked the functions of exosomal miR-494-3p. In SAMP6 mice, senescent MLO-Y4 cell-derived exosomes accelerated bone loss, which was rescued by upregulation of exosomal miR-494-3p. Conclusion: Reduced expression of miR-494-3p in senescent osteocyte-derived exosomes inhibits osteogenic differentiation and accelerates age-related bone loss via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Semi-quantitative study on the secondary compression characteristics of municipal solid waste in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors.

Aeration plays a crucial role in accelerating the secondary compression of municipal solid waste (MSW) for the scientific implementation of aerobic bioreactor technology. There are few comparative reports on the secondary compaction characteristics of MSW in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors. In this study, six long-term compression tests were conducted to analyze the impact of aeration on MSW compression characteristics, considering two degradation conditions (i.e. aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and three overburden stresses (i.e. 30, 50 and 100 kPa). Model-fitting analysis was employed to examine the data from the tests and exiting literatures. The results showed that aeration effectively increased the rate of secondary compression, and slightly enhanced the steady-state secondary compression strain. In addition, these enhancements tended to decrease with increasing stresses. The increment ratio of the secondary compression rate constant (Rk) was concentrated in the range of 25 % to 100 %, and increases with the increase of aeration rate. The increment ratio of the steady-state secondary compression strain (Rε) ranged from 10 % to 90 %, for the MSW with higher content of paper and wood exhibited higher Rε. The advance ratio of the secondary compression stabilization time (Rt) fell within the range of 20-50 %, and Rt is higher when the moisture content is in the range of 50-65 %. These findings provide valuable guidance on the accelerated stabilization in aerobic bioreactors, providing practical references for the application of aerobic technology to informal landfills.

Associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A multicenter study.

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing around the world, and it is one of the main causes of death in chronic kidney diseases patients. It is urgent to early identify the factors of cardiometabolic risk. Sleep problems have been recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in both healthy people and chronic patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk has not been clearly explored in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in 3025 hemodialysis patients by a multicenter study. After adjusting for confounders, binary logistic regression models showed that hemodialysis patients reported sleep duration greater than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Patients reported sleep duration less than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, but the risks of hyperglycemia and Low HDL-cholesterol were decreased. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated to low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, gender-based differences were explained.

Effectiveness of aerobic and resistance exercise in cancer survivors with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: AE and RE have been found to be effective for depressive symptoms. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effectiveness of exercises for cancer survivors with depressive symptoms is lacking. We aimed to synthesize studies assessing AE and RE's efficacy and examine their effects on depressive symptoms among cancer survivors using meta-analyses. METHODS: This review was registered on the PROSPERO website with ID CRD42023389760. A systematic literature search was conducted in the four databases. Data were synthesized using a random-effect model to analyze the impact of AE and RE on depressive symptoms at posttreatment and in medium-term follow-up relative to the control group. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate which factors are relevant to greater or lesser effects of treating depressive symptoms among cancer survivors. RESULTS: 28 RCTs (2942 participants) were identified. Analyses of the between-group showed that AE and/or RE were effective in alleviating depressive symptoms among cancer survivors in immediate posttreatment (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI = -0.29 to -0.03; p = 0.02) but not in medium-term follow-up (SMD = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.57 to 0.55; p = 0.97). Subgroup analyses suggested that AE and exercise 3 times per week were significant moderators. CONCLUSION: AE and RE were feasible in mitigating depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Further studies are needed to examine if exercise is psychologically beneficial for patients with specific types of cancer.

Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Sulfur-Iron Compound Formation Mechanism in Petrochemical Facilities.

In order to investigate the formation mechanism of hydrogen sulfide corrosion products in petroleum and petrochemical facilities, the interaction mechanism between iron oxides and H2S was studied by density functional theory (DFT). First, the adsorption of H2S on Fe2O3 clusters and Fe3O4 clusters was studied. The results indicated that H2S was more inclined to adsorb on the Fe site. After adsorption, the S-H bond changed from 1.356 to 1.360 Å in the gas phase, which was the main reason for the decomposition of H2S. On this basis, the reaction paths of Fe2O3 clusters and Fe3O4 clusters with H2S and the rate-determining steps of different reaction paths were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters of the rate-determining step of each path are analyzed. The results indicated that reaction path 1 of H2S and Fe2O3 clusters is the best reaction channel. The reaction will gradually form products such as S, H2O, and Fe2S2, which can release a total of 622.23 kJ/mol heat. The reaction path 2 of H2S and Fe3O4 clusters is the best reaction channel. The reaction will gradually form products such as S, H2O, and Fe3S2, which can release a total of 260.40 kJ/mol heat. Finally, the reaction paths of Fe2S2, Fe3S2, and S2 were further calculated, and it was observed that the products formed by hydrogen sulfide corrosion were easy to react with S2 to form sulfur-iron compounds with different iron-sulfur ratios. This is consistent with the corrosion products including FeS, FeS2, and Fe3S4 observed in the experiment. It lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent study of the effect of associated elemental sulfur on the spontaneous combustion of sulfur-iron compounds.

Screen-Printed Resistive Tactile Sensor for Monitoring Tissue Interaction Forces on a Surgical Magnetic Microgripper.

With the recent development of novel miniaturized magnetically controlled microgripper surgical tools (of diameter 4 mm) for robot-assisted minimally invasive endoscopic intraventricular surgery, the surgeon loses feedback from direct physical contact with the tissue. In this case, surgeons will have to rely on tactile haptic feedback technologies to retain their ability to limit tissue trauma and its associated complications during operations. Current tactile sensors for haptic feedback cannot be integrated to the novel tools primarily due to size limitations and low force range requirements of these highly dextrous surgical operations. This study introduces the design and fabrication of a novel 9 mm2, ultra-thin and flexible resistive tactile sensor whose operation is based on variation of resistivity due to changes in contact area and piezoresistive (PZT) effect of the sensor's materials and sub-components. Structural optimization was performed on the sub-components of the sensor design, including microstructures, interdigitated electrodes, and conductive materials in order to improve minimum detection force while maintaining low hysteresis and unwanted sensor actuation. To achieve a low-cost design suitable for disposable tools, multiple layers of the sensor sub-component were screen-printed to produce thin flexible films. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and thermoplastic polyurethane composites were fabricated, optimized, and processed into suitable inks to produce conductive films to be assembled with printed interdigitated electrodes and microstructures. The assembled sensor's electromechanical performance indicated three distinct linear sensitivity modes within the sensing range of 0.04-1.3 N. Results also indicated repeatable and low-time responses while maintaining the flexibility and robustness of the overall sensor. This novel ultra-thin screen-printed tactile sensor of 110 µm thickness is comparable to more expensive tactile sensors in terms of performance and can be mounted onto the magnetically controlled micro-scale surgical tools to increase the safety and quality of endoscopic intraventricular surgeries.

Activation of Brain Regions Associated with Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show abnormalities related to cognitive activities, especially related to working memory and inhibitory control. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique based on the changes in cerebral hemodynamics to measure the response of brain activities to cognitive tasks. METHODS: In this review, we collected all clinical experiments that evaluated the changes of oxyhemoglobin levels in relevant brain regions of patients with ADHD through cognitive tasks by fNIRS to determine the abnormalities of brain regions related to working memory and inhibitory control activities in patients with ADHD. RESULTS: From the beginning of November 2021, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, web of science and Cochrane library were searched, and ROBINS-I was a tool to evaluate the quality and risk bias of the articles included. Sixteen eligible clinical trials or randomized controlled trials were included, of which six measured working memory and eleven measured inhibitory control. CONCLUSION: We found that compared with healthy people, the activation scope of working memory and inhibition control in the frontal cortex in ADHD patients was smaller than that in healthy people, and the activation degree was weak or even inactive, which can provide new ideas for the direction of research on ADHD.

Redox-active polyphenol nanoparticles deprive endogenous glutathione of electrons for ROS generation and tumor chemodynamic therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is promising for cancer treatment. However, the intrinsic H2O2 is deficient for CDT, and glutathione (GSH) eliminates ROS to protect tumor cells from ROS cytotoxicity. Herein, we propose a strategy to switch the electron flow direction of GSH for O2 reduction and ROS generation rather than ROS clearance by using P(DA-Fc) nanoparticles, which are polymerized from ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc) coupled dopamine. P(DA-Fc) NPs with phenol-quinone conversion ability mimic NOX enzyme to deprive electrons from GSH to reduce O2 for H2O2 generation; the following •OH release can be triggered by Fc. Semiquinone radicals in P(DA-Fc) are significantly enhanced after GSH treatment, further demonstrated with strong single-electron reduction ability by calculation. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that P(DA-Fc) can consume intrinsic GSH to produce endogenous ROS; ROS generation strongly depends on GSH/pH level and eventually causes tumor cell death. Our work makes the first attempt to reverse the function of GSH from ROS scavenger to ROS producer, explores new roles of PDA-based nanomaterials in CDT beyond photothermal reagents and drug carriers, and provides a new strategy to improve the efficiency of CDT. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: P(DA-Fc) nanoparticles performing tumor microenvironment response capacity and tumor reductive power utilize ability were fabricated for CDT tumor suppression. After endocytosis by tumor cells, P(DA-Fc) deprived GSH of electrons for H2O2 and •OH release, mimicking the intrinsic ROS production conducted by NADPH, further inducing tumor cell necrosis and apoptosis. Our work makes the first attempt to reverse the function of GSH from ROS scavenger to producer, explores new functions of PDA-based nanomaterials in CDT beyond photothermal reagents and drug carriers, and provides a new strategy to improve CDT efficiency.