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1.
Transpl Int ; 30(10): 1061-1074, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28543637

ABSTRACT

The PI3K/mTOR signaling cascade is fundamental in T-cell activation and fate decisions. We showed the distinct regulation of PI3K/mTOR in regulatory and effector T-cells and proposed the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting this pathway to control the balance between effector and regulatory T-cell activities. Substantial adverse effects in long-term clinical usage of rapamycin suggest the use of alternative treatments in restraining effector T-cell function in transplant patients. We hypothesize that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors may represent an immunosuppressant alternative. Here we show that dual PI3K/mTOR PI-103 and PKI-587 inhibitors interfered IL-2-dependent responses in T-cells. However, in contrast to the inhibitory effects in non-Treg T-cell proliferation and effector functions, dual inhibitors increased the differentiation, preferential expansion, and suppressor activity of iTregs. Rapamycin, PI-103, and PKI-587 targeted different signaling events and induced different metabolic patterns in primary T-cells. Similar to rapamycin, in vivo administration of PI-103 and PKI-587 controlled effectively the immunological response against allogeneic skin graft. These results characterize specific regulatory mechanisms of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in T-cells and support their potential as a novel therapeutic option in transplantation.


Subject(s)
Furans/pharmacology , Morpholines/pharmacology , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Transplantation Immunology , Triazines/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Humans , Interleukin-2/metabolism , Mice , Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors , Sirolimus , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
2.
Hand Clin ; 40(2): 199-208, 2024 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38553091

ABSTRACT

Upper extremity reconstruction remains challenging due to the high functional and esthetic demands of this location. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a workhorse flap for microsurgical reconstruction of the upper extremity and can be elevated in various planes depending on desired thickness of the flap. Microsurgical reconstruction of the upper extremity often benefits from a thin flap that can resurface the extremity, which can provide improved functional and esthetic outcomes. This article reviews the anatomy, preoperative planning, and operative technique, as well as presents 4 cases to illustrate the outcomes and benefits of thin and thinned ALT flaps.


Subject(s)
Free Tissue Flaps , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Humans , Thigh/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Upper Extremity/surgery , Esthetics
3.
Plast Surg (Oakv) ; 29(2): 110-117, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34026674

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both plastic and orthopedic surgeons manage care for urgent/emergent hand conditions. It is unclear if surgeon specialty affects patient outcomes of these cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in 30-day perioperative outcomes between plastic and orthopedic surgeons following distal upper extremity amputations. METHODS: Patients who underwent distal upper extremity amputations between 2005 and 2016 were identified within the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Differences in operative procedures, patient demographics, patient comorbidities, and 30-day perioperative complications were compared between orthopedic and plastic surgeons by univariate analysis. A Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons of complications. RESULTS: A total of 1583 cases met inclusion criteria. Orthopedic surgeons performed 981 cases (62.0%) and plastic surgeons performed 602 cases (38.0%). Finger amputations comprised the majority of procedures for both orthopedic and plastic surgeons (95.5% and 94.4%, respectively). Orthopedic surgeons had a lower operative time (41.7 ± 36.2 minutes vs 47.1 ± 40.9 minutes, P = .008). There were no differences in proportion of emergency surgery, inpatients, or wound class. There were no differences in age, gender, or body mass index. The most common indications for amputation were trauma, gangrene, and osteomyelitis. There were no differences between surgical specialties in 18 30-day perioperative complications assessed, including death, reoperation, surgical site infection, or wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic and orthopedic surgeons achieved equivalent outcomes comparing 30-day perioperative complications following upper extremity amputations. These results support that both orthopedic and plastic surgeons provide similar quality distal upper extremity amputation care.


HISTORIQUE: Tant les plasticiens que les chirurgiens orthopédiques prennent en charge les cas d'affections urgentes ou d'extrême urgence touchant les mains. On ne sait pas si la spécialité chirurgicale a une incidence sur le pronostic des patients atteints de ces problèmes. La présente étude visait à évaluer les différences entre les résultats périopératoires des plasticiens et des chirurgiens orthopédiques 30 jours après des amputations distales des extrémités supérieures. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les patients qui ont subi une amputation distale des extrémités supérieures entre 2005 et 2016 ont été extraits de la base de données du Programme national d'amélioration de la qualité des soins chirurgicaux (NSQIP) à l'aide des codes du Catalogue des actes médicaux (CPT). Au moyen d'une analyse univariée, les chercheurs ont comparé les différences entre les interventions opératoires effectuées par les chirurgiens orthopédiques et les plasticiens, les caractéristiques démographiques des patients, leurs autres affections et leurs complications périopératoires au bout de 30 jours. Ils ont utilisé une correction de Bonferroni pour tenir compte de multiples comparaisons entre les complications. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 1 583 cas respectaient les critères d'inclusion. Les chirurgiens orthopédiques ont opéré 981 cas (62,0 %) et les plasticiens, 602 cas (38,0 %). Les amputations des doigts représentaient la majorité des interventions effectuées par les chirurgiens orthopédiques et les plasticiens (95,5 % et 94,4 % respectivement). Les opérations pratiquées par les chirurgiens orthopédiques étaient plus courtes (41,7 ± 36,2 minutes par rapport à 47,1 ± 40,9 minutes, p = 0,008). Il n'y avait pas de différence quant à la proportion d'opérations d'urgence, de patients hospitalisés ou de catégories de plaies ni pour ce qui est de l'âge, du genre et de l'indice de masse corporelle. Les principales indications d'amputation étaient des traumatismes, la gangrène et l'ostéomyélite. Il n'y avait pas de différence entre les spécialités chirurgicales lors de l'évaluation des complications périopératoires au bout de 18 et 30 jours, y compris les décès, les réopérations, l'infection au foyer des infections et la déhiscence des plaies. CONCLUSIONS: Les plasticiens et les chirurgiens orthopédiques ont obtenu des résultats équivalents si l'on comparait les complications périopératoires après des amputations des extrémités supérieures au bout de 30 jours. Selon ces résultats, à la fois les chirurgiens orthopédiques et les plasticiens fournissent des soins de qualité semblables lors d'amputations distales des membres supérieurs.

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