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BACKGROUND: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies into healthcare is transforming patient-practitioner interaction and could offer an additional platform for patient education and support. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether ChatGPT-4 could provide safe and up-to-date medical information about breast augmentation that is comparable to other patient information sources. METHODS: ChatGPT-4 was asked to generate 6 commonly asked questions regarding breast augmentation and respond to them. Its responses were qualitatively evaluated by a panel of specialist plastic and reconstructive surgeons and reconciled with a literature search of 2 large medical databases for accuracy, informativeness, and accessibility. RESULTS: ChatGPT-4 provided well-structured, grammatically accurate, and comprehensive responses to the questions posed; however, it was limited in providing personalized advice and sometimes generated inappropriate or outdated references. ChatGPT consistently encouraged engagement with a specialist for specific information. CONCLUSIONS: Although ChatGPT-4 showed promise as an adjunct tool in patient education regarding breast augmentation, there are areas requiring improvement. Additional advancements and software engineering are needed to enhance the reliability and applicability of AI-driven chatbots in patient education and support systems.
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Mammaplasty , Surgery, Plastic , Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Reproducibility of Results , SoftwareABSTRACT
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Objective: To assess medical students' perspective on medical history embedded into a pre-existing learning module. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study was performed in 2018 at the University of Tasmania; participants were medical students in year three of the Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery course. This was a cross-sectional study which used a mixed-method survey before and after a lecture series to assess medical students' perspectives on history of medicine. Intervention: Historical perspectives were incorporated into existing surgical pathology tutorials. Main outcome measures: Students completed a survey on medical history before and after the lecture series. The survey used both qualitative and quantitative measures to assess students' perception of the utility of medical history and how it was taught in this project. Results: In the initialquestionnaire, students indicated they believed medical history would help make them better doctors and enhance their learning of pathology. In the final questionnaire, students agreed that learning medical history was important in becoming a doctor. Students enjoyed the content and found the integration of history and pathology beneficial to learning. Conclusion: This study demonstrates one method by which to increase medial history teaching without major alterations to an existing medical curriculum.
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BACKGROUND: The importance of spinopelvic harmony [pelvic incidence (PI) = lumbar lordosis (LL) ±10 degrees] is well established in the literature. We aimed to determine whether lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery in isolation is successful in restoring spinopelvic harmony, and whether the surgery maintained the relationship in those who present in a balanced state. METHODS: A retrospective radiographic analysis was performed on patients who underwent LLIF surgery, followed by posterior instrumented fusion, between January 2012 to August 2019 by a single surgeon (AD). Pre- and post-operative X-rays were reviewed by two authors using Surgimap spinal imaging 2.2.15.5. The LL, PI, and PI-LL mismatch, as well as a range of coronal and segmental sagittal radiographic parameters, were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients with 170 levels treated via LLIF were analysed. A mean pre-operative PI-LL of 14.3 degrees and post-operative value of 13.4 degrees was recorded (P=0.43). Of the 41 patients who were imbalanced pre-operatively, 13 (31.7%) were restored to a LL within 10 degrees of PI post-LLIF procedure. 30 patients presented in spinopelvic harmony, and 25 (83.3%) of those maintained that relationship following LLIF. Mean coronal global Cobb angles (13.7 degrees pre-operatively to 7.7 degrees post-operatively), segmental coronal Cobb angles (3.8 to 0.9 degrees), and anterior (5.2 to 9.8 mm) and posterior (3.2 to 6.7 mm) disc heights all improved significantly post-LLIF surgery (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although an effective treatment for coronal deformities and providing indirect decompression for degenerative lumbar disc disease, LLIF surgery alone is unlikely to result in correction of sagittal deformity and in particular spinopelvic harmony.
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BACKGROUND: Endodermal cysts of the oculomotor nerve are rare presentations. Only case reports are available to help guide clinicians with managing this rare entity. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 3-year-old boy presented with an acute on chronic left oculomotor nerve palsy due to a left interpeduncular cistern cyst found on magnetic resonance imaging. He underwent a left pterional craniotomy and fenestration of the histologically proven endodermal cyst and had initial improvement at the 2-month review. He subsequently developed clinical and radiologic evidence of recurrence and was treated surgically with a refenestration and insertion of a cysto-subarachnoid shunt through a trans-sylvian approach. At 6-month follow-up, there was complete resolution of the oculomotor nerve palsy with interval development of oculomotor synkinesis. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is an essential modality in the follow-up of these patients postoperatively in the setting of unchanged or deteriorated neurology. Fenestration of the cyst is appropriate first-line surgical management; however, a cysto-subarachnoid shunt is a safe consideration in recurrent, symptomatic cysts and provides sustained symptom resolution.