Comparison of supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the stereoselective analysis of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in tobacco.

This study used reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of the stereoisomers of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in tobacco. Tobacco samples were extracted and purified with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique using spherical carbon. The performance of both methodologies was comprehensively compared in terms of methods validation parameters (separation efficiency, linearity, selectivity, recovery, repeatability, sensitivity, matrix effect, etc.). Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves of the stereoisomers of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in the range of 10-500 ng/mL showed excellent linearity with R2 ≥ 0.997 in both methods. The adequate recoveries of analytes from three different spiked tobaccos were obtained using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (86.1-95.7%) as well as supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (86.5-94.0%). The relative standard deviations for spiked samples were all below 7.0%. Compared with supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, lower matrix effects and LODs can be obtained in reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Abdominal obesity, chronic inflammation and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation on risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 50776 staff from the Kailuan Group who participated in and finished physical examinations between 2006 and 2007 were included in the cohort study. Their medical information was collected and they were followed after examination. The correlations of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) or serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-crp) with NAFLD were analyzed. Then, we categorized all participants into four groups: non-abdominal obesity and non-chronic inflammation group, abdominal obesity and non-chronic inflammation group, non-abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation group, abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation group, and non-abdominal obesity and non-chronic inflammation group was used as a control group. The combined effects of abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation with NAFLD were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 5.59±1.79 years, a total of 15451 NAFLD cases occurred. We found the WHtR and hs-crp increase the risk for NAFLD, respectively. Compared with the non-abdominal obesity and non-chronic inflammation group, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased in the abdominal obesity and non-chronic inflammation group (HR 1.21, 95%CI 1.11-1.32), non-abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation group (HR 1.32, 95%CI 1.27-1.38), abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation group (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.52-1.70). And, a significant interaction effect was found of abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation on NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it was demonstrated in the Chinese population that both abdominal obesity and chronic inflammation increase the risk of NAFLD, and there is an interaction between the two factors in the incidence of NAFLD.

"Parenchyma transection-first" strategy is superior to "tunnel-first" strategy in robotic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of splenic vessels.

BACKGROUND: Creating a tunnel between the pancreas and splenic vessels followed by pancreatic parenchyma transection ("tunnel-first" strategy) has long been used in spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) with splenic vessel preservation (Kimura's procedure). However, the operation space is limited in the tunnel, leading to the risks of bleeding and difficulties in suturing. We adopted the pancreatic "parenchyma transection-first" strategy to optimize Kimura's procedure. METHODS: The clinical data of consecutive patients who underwent robotic SPDP with Kimura's procedure between January 2017 and September 2022 at our center were retrieved. The cohort was classified into a "parenchyma transection-first" strategy (P-F) group and a "tunnel-first" strategy (T-F) group and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients were enrolled in this cohort, with 49 in the T-F group and 42 in the P-F group. Compared with the T-F group, the P-F group had significantly shorter operative time (146.1 ± 39.2 min vs. 174.9 ± 46.6 min, P < 0.01) and lower estimated blood loss [40.0 (20.0-55.0) mL vs. 50.0 (20.0-100.0) mL, P = 0.03]. Failure of splenic vessel preservation occurred in 10.2% patients in the T-F group and 2.4% in the P-F group (P = 0.14). The grade 3/4 complications were similar between the two groups (P = 0.57). No differences in postoperative pancreatic fistula, abdominal infection or hemorrhage were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The pancreatic "parenchyma transection-first" strategy is safe and feasible compared with traditional "tunnel-first strategy" in SPDP with Kimura's procedure.

Cumulative triglyceride-glucose index is a risk for CVD: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies has shown a significant relationship between baseline triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the long-term effect of TyG index and incident CVD remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between cumulative TyG index and the risk of CVD. METHOD: In this study, we recruited individuals participating in Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2013 without stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer in the four consecutive examinations. Cumulative TyG index was calculated by multiplying the average TyG index and the time between the two consecutive examinations. Cumulative TyG index levels were categorized into four quartile groups: Q1 group, ≤ 50.65 (as reference group), Q2 group, 50.65-53.86, Q3 group, 53.86-57.44, Q4 group, > 57.44. The association between cumulative TyG index and the risk of CVD was estimated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULT: A total of 44,064 individuals participated in the final analysis. After a mean follow-up of 6.52 ± 1.14 years, incident CVD, MI and stroke occurred in 2057, 395 and 1695, respectively. The risk of developing CVD increased with the quartile of cumulative in TyG index, after adjustment for multiple potential confounders, the HR for CVD events were 1.25 (1.08-1.44) in Q2, 1.22 (1.05-1.40) in Q3 and 1.39 (1.21-1.61) in Q4, compared to Q1 group. The longer duration of higher TyG index exposure was significantly associated with increased CVD risk. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup and sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: Cumulative TyG index was associated with increased risk of CVD. Maintaining an appropriate level of TG and FBG within the desirable range and better control of cumulative TyG index are important for prevention of CVD.

Association between Metabolically Healthy Status and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

PURPOSE: Although obesity is associated with numerous diseases, the risks of disease may depend on metabolically healthy status. Nevertheless, it is unclear to whether metabolically healthy status affects risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in general Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 114,995 participants who met the criteria were included from the Kailuan Study. The study participants were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC) and metabolic status. Incident of GI cancer (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, biliary cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer) during 2006-2020 were confirmed by review of medical records. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association metabolically healthy status with the risk of GI cancer by calculating the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: During a mean 13.76 years of follow-up, we documented 2,311 GI cancers. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the metabolically healthy normal-weight group, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) participants demonstrated an increased risk of developing GI cancer (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.13) by BMI categories. However, such associations were not found for WC category. These associations were moderated by age, sex, and anatomical site of the tumor. Individuals with metabolic unhealthy normal-weight or metabolic unhealthy obesity phenotype also have an increased risk of GI cancer. CONCLUSION: MHO phenotype was associated with increased risk of GI cancer. Moreover, individuals who complicated by metabolic unhealthy status have an increased risk of developing GI cancer. Hence, clinicians should consider the risk of incident GI cancer in people with abnormal metabolically healthy status and counsel them about metabolic fitness and weight control.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a warning sign of gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a prevalent etiology for hospital admissions on a global scale. However, the significance of UGIB as a warning sign of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is frequently disregarded due to its uncommon and atypical symptoms. Methods: In the Kailuan study, participants diagnosed with UGIB were assigned as the case group and were randomly matched in a 1:4 ratio with a control group of comparable age and sex from 2006 to 2018 in Tangshan. The statistical analysis included a total of 1250 UGIB patients and 5000 individuals without UGIB. The impact of UGIB on cancer incidence was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model, enabling the investigation of both site-specific and time-dependent effects of UGIB on cancer incidence. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.91 ± 13.08 years. Over an average follow-up period of 8.92 years, there were 102 cases of cancer in the UGIB group and 210 cases in the non-UGIB group. The results of the Cox model analysis indicated that the strength of association between UGIB and cancer depends on specific cancer site. Excluding patients with follow-up periods of less than 1, 3, and 5 years weakened the associations between UGIB and GI cancer in sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: UGIB may serve as a sign of occult cancer, necessitating thorough evaluation of middle-aged and elderly patients presenting with this warning symptom to detect the possibility of missing a cancer diagnosis.

Association of baseline Life's Essential 8 score and trajectories with carotid intima-media thickness.

Objective: We aimed to examine the association between the baseline Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score and LE8 score trajectories with the continuous carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as well as the risk of high cIMT. Methods: The Kailuan study has been an ongoing prospective cohort study since 2006. A total of 12,980 participants who completed the first physical examination and cIMT detection at follow-up without a history of CVD and missing data on the component of LE8 metrics in or before 2006 were finally included in the analysis. The LE8 score trajectories were developed from 2006 to 2010 using trajectory modeling of the SAS procedure Proc Traj. The measurement and result review of the cIMT were performed by specialized sonographers using standardized methods. According to quintiles of baseline LE8 score, participants were categorized into five groups: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5. Similarly, based on their LE8 score trajectories, they were classified into four groups: very low-stable group, low-stable group, median-stable group, and high-stable group. In addition to continuous cIMT measurement, we determined the high cIMT based on the age (by 5 years) and sex-specific 90th percentile cut point. To address aims 1 and 2, the association between baseline/trajectory groups and continuous cIMT/high cIMT was assessed by using SAS proc genmod to calculate ß, relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 12,980 participants were finally included in aim 1, and 8,758 participants met aim 2 of the association between LE8 trajectories and cIMT/high cIMT. Compared with the Q1 group, the continuous cIMT for Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups were thinner; the other groups had a lower risk of high cIMT. For aim 2, the results indicated that compared with a very low-stable group, the cIMT for the low-stable group, the median-stable group, and the high-stable group were thinner (-0.07 mm [95% CI -0.10~0.04 mm], -0.10 mm [95% CI -0.13~-0.07 mm], -0.12 mm [95% CI -0.16~-0.09 mm]) and had a lower risk of high cIMT. The RR (95% CI) for high cIMT was 0.84 (0.75~0.93) in the low-stable group, 0.63 (0.57~0.70) in the median-stable group, 0.52 (0.45~0.59) in the high-stable group. Conclusions: In summary, our study revealed that high baseline LE8 scores and LE8 score trajectories were associated with lower continuous cIMT and attenuated risk of high cIMT.

Triglyceride-glucose index associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease: the Kailuan study.

PURPOSE: Previous studies suggest that triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index, as a marker of insulin resistance, may have associations with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly population. Given the paucity of data, it remains controversial, especially in general Chinese population. We aimed to further assess whether TyG index is an independent risk factor for CVD. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study that enrolled a total of 96,541 participants from the Kailuan Study. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Participants were divided into four groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) by quartiles of the TyG index. Any CVD events occurred during 2006-2017 were recorded, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. We assessed the association of TyG index with the risk of CVD and the subtypes of CVD by using Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 10.33 years, totally 6421 CVD events, 1493 MIs, and 5083 stroke events occurred. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with Q1, HR (95% CI) for CVD events was 1.12 (95%, 1.03-1.21) in Q2, 1.28 (95%, 1.18-1.38) in Q3, and 1.34 (95%, 1.23-1.45) in Q4. In a time-dependent Cox Model we also found that compared with Q1, HR (95% CI) for CVD events was 1.09 (95%, 1.02-1.18) in Q2, 1.18 (95%, 1.09-1.27) in Q3, and 1.20 (95%, 1.11-1.30) in Q4. Similar results were showed in MI and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: TyG index as a marker of insulin resistance was an independent risk factor for CVD. This may help in the early identification of people at high risk of CVD and be applicable to the primordial and primary prevention.

Total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and the risk of primary liver cancer: A population-based prospective study.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that serum total cholesterol (TC) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are associated with liver cancer risk. However, the common contribution of TC and normal-high ALT to primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been reported. We aim to assess the separate and joint effect of low TC level and normal-high ALT level on the risk of PLC, a large prospective cohort was conducted in our study.The participants were divided into 4 groups via the cross-matching method according to TC [low level (-)/non-low level (+)] and ALT [normal level (-)/normal-high level(+)] status, and using the lower quartile value of TC and the upper quartile value of ALT as a threshold, respectively. Incident PLC was confirmed by review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression models and interactive additive models were used to evaluate whether the joint effect of low TC level and normal-high ALT level is associated with the risk of PLC.During 1,248,895 person-years follow-up, 298 participants were diagnosed with PLC among 114,972 subjects. In male population, TC < 4.24 mmol/L was group "TC (-)"; TC ≥ 4.24 mmol/L was group "TC (+)"; ALT < 23 U/L was group "ALT (-)": 33 U/L ≥ ALT ≥ 23 U/L was group "ALT (+)". Compared with the group "TC (+)", group "ALT (-)", respectively, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for PLC risk was 1.74 (1.36-2.25) in group "TC (-)" and 1.49 (1.15-1.94) in group "ALT (+)". In combinatorial analysis, compared with group "TC (+) and ALT (-)", the significant increased risk of PLC were observed in group "TC (+) and ALT (+)" (HR = 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.02-1.95), group "TC (-) and ALT (-)" (HR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.24-2.27) and group "TC (-) and ALT (+)" (HR = 2.72; 95%CI: 1.81-4.09), respectively. However, no statistical significance was found among female.The separate and joint effect of low TC level and normal-high ALT level was observed for PLC risk in males. When combined, individuals with coexistence of low TC level and normal-high ALT level significantly increase the risk of PLC.

Fasting Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, and Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: The Kailuan Study.

PURPOSE: The influence of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and cholesterolemia primary liver cancer (PLC) in china was analyzed via a large prospective cohort study based on a community population, and the combined effects between them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 98,936 staff from the Kailuan Group who participated in and finished physical examinations between 2006 and 2007 were included in the cohort study. Their medical information was collected and they were followed up after examination. The correlations of serum FBG or total cholesterol (TC) with PLC were analyzed. Then, we categorized all staff into four groups: normal FBG/non-hypocholesterolemia, normal FBG/hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/non-hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/hypocholesterolemia, and normal FBG/non-hypocholesterolemia was used as a control group. The combined effects of elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia with PLC were analyzed using the Age-scale Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: During 1,134,843.68 person-years follow-up, a total of 388 PLC cases occurred. We found the elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia increase the risk for PLC, respectively. Compared with the non-hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group, the risk of PLC was significantly increased in the non-hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (hazard artio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88 to 1.62) and hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.97), and in the hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.13 to 4.69). And, a significant interaction effect was found of FBG and TC on PLC. All results were independent from the influence of liver disease. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum FBG and hypocholesterolemia are risk factors for PLC, especially when combined. Thus, for the prevention and treatment of PLC, serum FBG and TC levels should be investigated.

Pseudosciaena crocea roe protein-stabilized emulsions for oral delivery systems: In vitro digestion and in situ intestinal perfusion study.

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was encapsulated in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by Pseudosciaena crocea roe protein isolate (PRPI). The stability, lipid digestion, BITC bioavailability, and retention rate of the emulsions were characterized using a simulated gastrointestinal tract model. Tween-corn and PRPI-medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) emulsions were used as controls. The membrane permeability and BITC absorption from these emulsions were investigated by in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion. The results showed that the PRPI-stabilized emulsions were stable under nonacidic environment conditions. Moreover, the PRPI-corn emulsion had more obvious protective effects than PRPI-MCT and Tween-corn emulsions. Atomic force and confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that the protein hydrolyzed and oil droplets aggregated during simulated gastric phase digestion. Following the exposure of oil droplets in the small intestine phase, the PRPI-corn emulsion had a high rate of free fatty acid release (99.13 ± 2.49%), and the retention rate and bioavailability of BITC from the PRPI-corn emulsion were 75.93 ± 7.17% and 77.32 ± 5.36%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those measured for the other emulsions (P < 0.05). Moreover, the Ka and Peff of the PRPI-corn emulsion reached the maximum value at 45 min and then decreased slowly. These results suggest that the PRPI-corn emulsion delivery system is effective in encapsulating, delivering, and protecting BITC. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides some useful information for the food industry to develop a Pseudosciaena crocea roe protein isolate (PRPI) emulsion that could be successfully used to construct a BITC delivery system and improve benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) bioavailability. The protective effect on BITC assessed in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion are discussed.

Elevated fasting serum glucose levels increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study.

Previous studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between liver cancer and diabetes mellitus. However, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) itself may be a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rather than diabetes, and during the follow-up period, death is an event that may occur before the occurrence of HCC, which should be dealt with competing risk models. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between FBG and new-onset HCC by using competing risk regression models.We prospectively studied the relationship between FBG concentrations and risk of HCC in a cohort of 93,447 participants who were free of prior HCC, and whose demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression models and competing risk regression models were used to evaluate the association between FBG concentrations and risk of incident HCC.A total of 302 participants were diagnosed with HCC among 93,447 subjects during 810,499 person-years of follow-up. The multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] for the association of FBG and log(FBG) with HCC were 1.07 (1.01∼1.12), 1.84 (1.23∼2.74) in an analysis adjusted for other potential variables. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, participants who were in 4.82 mmol/L≤FBG≤5.49 mmol/L group and FBG >5.49 mmol/L group would have increased the risk of HCC by 47% and 69%, respectively. In a cause-specific hazard model (CS model), the multivariable HRs (95% CI) for the association of FBG with HCC were 1.46 (1.09∼1.98), 1.69 (1.27∼2.27) in the multivariable adjusted analysis. Similar results were also observed in sub-distribution hazard function model (SD model) with corresponding multivariate HRs (95% CI) of 1.46 (1.09∼2.00), 1.69 (1.25∼2.27) in 4.82 mmol/L≤FBG≤5.49 mmol/L group and FBG >5.49 mmol/L group, respectively.Higher FBG concentrations itself were positively associated with new-onset HCC in the Cox proportional hazards regression models and competing risk models. FBG concentrations can be used as a scientific and important way to identify individuals with a higher risk of HCC and control of FBG concentrations might serve as a possible way to decrease the risk of HCC among Chinese population.Trial registration: ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489. Registered August 24, 2011 (retrospectively registered).