Copropagating Edge States Produced by the Interaction between Electrons and Chiral Phonons in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Unlike the chirality of electrons, the intrinsic chirality of phonons has only surfaced in recent years. Here, we report on the effects of the interaction between electrons and chiral phonons in two-dimensional materials by using a nonperturbative solution. We show that chiral phonons introduce inelastic Umklapp processes resulting in copropagating edge states that coexist with a continuum. Transport simulations further reveal the robustness of the edge states. Our results hint on the possibility of having a metal embedded with hybrid electron-phonon states of matter.

Streptococcus pyogenes cervical intertrigo with secondary bacteremia.

We report a 12-month-old infant girl with cervical intertrigo caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. This form of intertrigo has been reported in only five children, but it is clearly underestimated. It should be suspected for well-demarcated beefy-red lesions of the neck not responding to antifungal therapy. A rapid streptococcal antigen test of a lesion specimen is a useful diagnostic tool. Our patient was notable for the development of S. pyogenes bacteremia, a complication that has not been previously associated with this condition.

Transport of non-classical light mediated by topological domain walls in a SSH photonic lattice.

Advancements in photonics technologies have significantly enhanced their capability to facilitate experiments involving quantum light, even at room temperature. Nevertheless, fully integrating photonic chips that include quantum light sources, effective manipulation and transport of light minimizing losses, and appropriate detection systems remains an ongoing challenge. Topological photonic systems have emerged as promising platforms to protect quantum light properties during propagation, beyond merely preserving light intensity. In this work, we delve into the dynamics of non-classical light traversing a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger photonic lattice with topological domain walls. Our focus centers on how topology influences the quantum properties of light as it moves across the array. By precisely adjusting the spacing between waveguides, we achieve dynamic repositioning and interaction of domain walls, facilitating effective beam-splitting operations. Our findings demonstrate high-fidelity transport of non-classical light across the lattice, replicating known results that are now safeguarded by the topology of the system. This protection is especially beneficial for quantum communication protocols with continuous variable states. Our study enhances the understanding of light dynamics in topological photonic systems and paves the way for high-fidelity, topology-protected quantum communication.

Incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the Island of Majorca (2008-2010), an area with non-universal vaccination, and estimations of serotype & children population coverage by available conjugate vaccines.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization reported in 2007 that inclusion of PCV7 in national immunization programs should be seen as a priority, also encouraging countries to conduct appropriate surveillances for monitoring the impact of vaccination. These analyses should be conducted in specific geographical areas and should be aimed to evolution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), by age groups, clinical presentation, and vaccine serotypes (and non-vaccine serotypes to detect possible replacement). This study aimed to monitor the evolution of IPD incidence in children <15 years requiring hospitalization in the Island of Majorca. METHODS: A prospective clinical surveillance of all culture and/or PCR-confirmed IPD in children <15 years was performed in all hospitals in the Island of Majorca (approximately 900,000 inhabitants) from January 2008 to December 2010. Incidence rate (IR) was calculated as cases/100,000 inhabitants using children population data. RESULTS: 66 IPDs were identified: 39 (59.1%) parapneumonic pneumococcal empyema (PPE), 16 (24.2%) bacteremic pneumonia (BP), 7 (10.6%) primary bacteremia, 3 (4.5%) meningitis, and 1 (1.5%) osteomyelitis. IRs in the three-year study period were: 64.22 for children 12- < 24 months, 37.21 for those 24-59 months, 22.62 for those <12 months, and 3.98 for children >59 months. By study year, IRs were 21.25 in 2008, 19.89 in 2009 and 9.80 in 2010. The reduction found in 2010 was significant and due to significant reductions in IRs of IPDs caused by serotypes included in PCV10 and PCV13. Overall, estimated serotype coverage by conjugate vaccines was 12.1% for PCV7, 37.9% for PCV10 and 65.2% for PCV13. Of the 66 hospitalized children with IPD, 20 had received at least one dose of PCV7 (13 cases with identified serotype). None of these 13 cases was caused by PCV7 serotypes, all were caused by PCV13 serotypes and only 53.8% by PCV10 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study evidence the importance of expanding the number of serotypes covered by PCV, and the added value of PCV13 with respect to PCV10 and PCV7, even in an area of low prevalence of 19A as the Island of Majorca.

Varicella precipitating febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease.

We report a 9-year-old boy with skin lesions clinically and histologically compatible with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta that evolved to the severe variant febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease and finally to pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was isolated in culture medium from the skin lesions and serum serology was positive for VZV. This is the first time that a virus has been isolated in culture in this condition.

Utilidad de la sangre seca del talón (tarjeta de Guthrie) en el diagnóstico de infección congénita por enterovirus / Use of dried blood from the heel (Guthrie card) in the diagnosis of congenital enterovirus infection

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Safety and antiviral response at 12 months of lopinavir/ritonavir therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children experienced with three classes of antiretrovirals.

INTRODUCTION: Many human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children have already failed treatment with 2 or even 3 classes of antiretrovirals. Coformulation of lopinavir with low dose ritonavir exhibits a potent antiretroviral effect. However, the data in heavily pretreated children are still scarce. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of combination therapy including lopinavir/ritonavir in children with prior exposure to all classes of oral antiretrovirals. METHODS: This was an open label multicenter observational study, in which data were reviewed according to a standardized protocol. The study population included all HIV-1-infected children with virologic failure (HIV-1 RNA >5000 copies/mL) followed in 12 Spanish hospitals for >12 months, experienced with the 3 classes of oral antiretrovirals, in whom a lopinavir/ritonavir-containing regimen was started. RESULTS: By March 2003, 45 patients had been treated with lopinavir/ritonavir for a median of 18 months (range, 3-28). The median age at baseline was 9.7 years (range, 4.3-17.1). The median times of prior treatment were 88 months (range, 31-145) with nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors and 42 months (range, 19-63) with protease inhibitors. Twenty-five patients were classified as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical category C. Median values for absolute and percentage CD4 at baseline were 501 (range, 6-1512) and 19% (range, 0.5-49), respectively, and plasma HIV-RNA was 5.0 log10 copies/mL (range, 4.1-6.1). During follow-up, 11 (24%) children switched from liquid to solid formulation. At 48 weeks, the median values for absolute and percentage CD4 increased by 199 cells/microL and 3%, respectively, and median plasma viral load declined 1.75 log10 copies/mL. Forty-two percent of children achieved a plasma RNA of <400 copies/mL (intent to treat analysis). Baseline genotypic resistance was available in 40 children. Nonresponders had 7.0 +/- 1.6 protease inhibitor-associated mutations at baseline compared with 4.8 +/- 1.7 in children achieving virologic suppression (P = 0.06). Adverse events were described in 18 children. Three children permanently discontinued and 4 transiently withdrew lopinavir/ritonavir. At 12 months, there were mild but not significant increases in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Lopinavir/ritonavir when given as part of salvage regimen is well-tolerated, although switching to pills is frequently required. The regimen has a potent and durable antiretroviral activity in most heavily pretreated children, despite the presence of multiple mutations to all classes of oral antiretrovirals.

Análisis de los tipos y subtipos gripales en función de la edad en las últimas cuatro temporadas epidémicas / Analysis of influenza types and subtypes according to pediatric age in the last four epidemic seasons

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Descending necrotizing mediastinitis in early childhood: favorable outcome after aggressive treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM), an unusual illness in childhood that develops as a complication of oropharyngeal infection. DESIGN: Descriptive case report. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENT: A 19-month-old boy with a DNM that resulted from a pharyngeal abscess. INTERVENTIONS: Aggressive surgical debridement; intravenous therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Simple chest radiograph and computed tomographic scan, and routine culture were used to assess the patient. Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage resulted in clinical resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive approach (broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement) can improve the prognosis of DNM in children.

Coinfecciones respiratorias entre los virus gripales y el virus respiratorio sincitial (2014-2017) / Respiratory co-infections between influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (2014-2017)

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Detección de parechovirus humanos en muestras respiratorias en menores de 2 meses con fiebre de origen desconocido / Detection of human Parechovirus in respiratory samples in the neonatal population with fever of unknown origin

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Old world Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis unresponsive to liposomal amphotericin B treated with topical imiquimod.

We present a case of a child with Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis unresponsive to 2 courses of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, a treatment failure that has not been reported in this Leishmania species. The patient responded to topical imiquimod and had no relapse. We review the literature on the treatment failure of liposomal amphotericin B for cutaneous leishmaniasis.