Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ragusa Area: Next Generation Sequencing and Serological Analysis.

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) post pandemic evolution is correlated to the development of new variants. Viral genomic and immune response monitoring are fundamental to the surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Since 1 January to 31 July 2022, we monitored the SARS-CoV-2 variants trend in Ragusa area sequencing n.600 samples by next generation sequencing (NGS) technology: n.300 were healthcare workers (HCWs) of ASP Ragusa. The evaluation of anti-Nucleocapside (N), receptor-binding domain (RBD), the two subunit of S protein (S1 and S2) IgG levels in 300 exposed vs. 300 unexposed HCWs to SARS-CoV-2 was performed. Differences in immune response and clinical symptoms related to the different variants were investigated. The SARS-CoV-2 variants trend in Ragusa area and in Sicily region were comparable. BA.1 and BA.2 were the most representative variants, whereas the diffusion of BA.3 and BA.4 affected some places of the region. Although no correlation was found between variants and clinical manifestations, anti-N and anti-S2 levels were positively correlated with an increase in the symptoms number. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a statistically significant enhancement in antibody titers compared to that produced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. In post-pandemic period, the evaluation of anti-N IgG could be used as an early marker to identify asymptomatic subjects.

Evaluation of erythrocytapheresis compared to phlebotomy in polycythaemia vera patients.

INTRODUCTION: Polycythaemia vera patients can present with arterial or venous vascular occlusive events such as thrombosis or cardiovascular disease; disease-related symptoms may significantly impact on the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erythrocytapheresis compared to phlebotomy in the treatment of polycythaemia patients. METHODS: This study reports the findings of a retrospective analysis of 40 polycythaemia vera patients diagnosed according to published guidelines and treated either with erythrocytapheresis or phlebotomy over a four-year period. The goal of treatment was to reduce blood volume and red blood cell count to near normal levels as both of which may attenuate the symptoms and complications associated with polycythaemia. Patients were treated by applying a mathematical model. RESULTS: Using the model, 28 erythrocytapheresis procedures were performed. Blood laboratory values (red blood cell count, haemoglobin count and haematocrit level) were significantly reduced in patients treated with erythrocytapheresis. Moreover, among treated patients, erythrocytapheresis resulted in less work absenteeism and reduced costs due to lost production, with a lower overall procedure cost in comparison to phlebotomy. CONCLUSION: This model can assist in selecting the proper treatment modality for individual patients. Especially for those with high blood volumes and high achievable haematocrit levels (delta), erythrocytapheresis offers a more efficient method in red blood cell depletion compared to phlebotomy thereby, potentially reducing the number of treatment procedures required for the induction of polycythaemia vera patients as well as the interval between procedures during the maintenance phase.

Exploring the Limits of High-Tg Epoxy Vitrimers Produced through Resin-Transfer Molding.

Over the past few years, scientists have developed new ways to overcome the recycling issues of conventional thermosets with the introduction of associative covalent adaptable networks (i.e., vitrimers) in polymer materials. Even though various end-use vitrimers have already been reported, just a few of them have targeted high-performance industrial applications. Herein, we develop a promising high-performance epoxy vitrimer based on a commercially available resin widely used in aeronautics with the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) of 233 °C ever reported for a vitrimer. A complete study of its physicochemical properties and cure kinetics was conducted, enabling the construction of the first time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram reported in the literature. This diagram allows a full determination of the processing and curing parameters leading to the manufacturing of vitrimer samples by the resin-transfer molding (RTM) process. The reshapability and limits therefrom of this high-Tg vitrimer were evaluated by three successful thermoforming cycles without degradation.

[The management of nephropathic patients during the Covid-19 pandemic: the experience of Ragusa].

The public emergency caused by Covid-19 has forced health services to reorganize in order to separate positive patients from negative ones. In nephrology, this reorganization involves several levels of assistance concerning hospitalizations, ambulatory care and haemodialysis. Within the Complex Unit of Nephrology in Ragusa, the distribution of nephro-dialytic resources has involved four different hospitals, hence ensuring haemodialysis services for asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic Covid-19 patients as well as for patients in Covid-Unit, Sub-Intensive Therapy and Intensive Care Unit. In this complex context, we had to create a common protocol involving all the professionals who provide assistance in our Unit, across the different structures. We also report some encouraging data that seem to indicate the effectiveness of the protocols put in place.