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1.
Eur J Neurol ; 30(6): 1828-1830, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36880870

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Bisphosphonates are widely used, notably for osteoporosis treatment. Their common side effects are well known. However, they can trigger less common effects such as orbital inflammation. Here, the case is reported of an orbital myositis triggered by alendronate. METHODS: This is a case report at an academic medical center. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging scan, a thoraco-abdominal computed tomography scan and blood sample analyses were performed. RESULTS: A 66-year-old woman treated by alendronate for her osteoporosis was investigated. She developed an orbital myositis after the first intake. Neurological examination revealed a painful diplopia with decreased downward and adduction movements of the right eye and edema of the upper eyelid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed an orbital myositis of the right eye. No other cause of orbital myositis was found than the alendronate intake. After alendronate arrest and a short course of prednisone, the symptoms resolved. CONCLUSION: This case highlights that alendronate can cause an orbital myositis whose early diagnosis is of major importance because it is a treatable side effect.


Subject(s)
Orbital Myositis , Osteoporosis , Female , Humans , Aged , Orbital Myositis/chemically induced , Orbital Myositis/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Myositis/drug therapy , Alendronate/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Osteoporosis/complications
2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(3)2023 Mar 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36984503

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Vaccination has been critical to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Autoimmunity of the nervous system, especially among a select set of high-risk groups, can be triggered or enhanced by the contents of vaccines. Here, we report a case series of acute peripheral neuropathies following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report on 11 patients (range: 30-90 years old) who presented at our center between January 2021 and February 2022. Methods: We obtained the patients' history and performed clinical neurological examination and electromyoneurography on all subjects. If necessary, magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory testing, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis and specific antibody testing, were performed. Results: Patients presented with peripheral neuropathies of acute onset between 1 and 40 days after vaccination with different types of COVID-19 vaccines. Most cases (9/11) resolved with a rapid, complete or partial recovery. Conclusions: We found acute peripheral neuropathies in a set of individuals after they received vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Albeit our observation shows that during extensive vaccination programs, negative side effects on the peripheral nervous system might occur, most of them showed benign clinical evolution. Thus, potential side effects should not hinder the prescription of vaccines. More extensive studies are needed to elucidate populations at risk of developing peripheral neuropathies and mechanisms of autoimmune response in the nervous system.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Pandemics , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccination/adverse effects
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(784): 1106-1109, 2022 Jun 01.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35647748

ABSTRACT

Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous entity, grouping multiple disorders, of which the most classic form is distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). Its diagnosis is based in most cases on a compatible history and clinical examination. Screening for DSPN, to allow the implementation of preventive measures against its complications, remains the cornerstone of management, in the absence of specific treatment. In this article, we propose a review of the different forms of diabetic neuropathy and their management.


La neuropathie diabétique est une entité hétérogène regroupant des atteintes multiples, dont la forme la plus classique est la polyneuropathie distale symétrique (PNDS). Son diagnostic repose dans la majorité des cas sur une anamnèse et un examen clinique compatibles. Le dépistage de la PNDS, pour permettre la mise en place de mesures préventives de ses complications, reste la pierre angulaire de la prise en charge en l'absence de traitement spécifique. Nous proposons dans cet article une revue des différentes formes de neuropathie diabétique et de leur prise en charge.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Neuropathies , Polyneuropathies , Diabetic Neuropathies/complications , Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Neuropathies/therapy , Humans , Physical Examination , Polyneuropathies/complications
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 785-788, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481501

ABSTRACT

Muscle cramps are very common and can reduce quality of life. There are multiple causes, including some physiological conditions, metabolic, endocrine, vascular disorders or neuromuscular diseases. Adequate management first requires differentiating cramps from other muscular phenomena. In most cases, the investigations are limited to a comprehensive history and clinical examination, but a biological, radiological and/or electrophysiological work-up may be useful. Treatment, when needed, is most often symptomatic and is unfortunately based on little evidence.


Les crampes musculaires sont fréquentes dans la population générale avec, dans certains cas, une altération importante de la qualité de vie. Leur cause est très variée, pouvant être en lien avec certaines conditions physiologiques ou avec des troubles métaboliques, endocriniens, vasculaires ou neuromusculaires. Une prise en charge adéquate nécessite dans un premier temps de différencier les crampes d'autres phénomènes musculaires. Dans la plupart des cas, les investigations se limitent à une anamnèse et un examen clinique, mais un bilan biologique, radiologique et/ou électrophysiologique peut être parfois indiqué. Le traitement, si nécessaire, est le plus souvent symptomatique et repose malheureusement sur peu d'évidences scientifiques.


Subject(s)
Muscle Cramp , Vascular Diseases , Humans , Muscle Cramp/diagnosis , Muscle Cramp/etiology , Muscle Cramp/therapy , Quality of Life , Vascular Diseases/complications
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 790-793, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481502

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease of the adult age. It is an aggressive condition with a mean disease duration of only 3 to 5 years, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of limb, bulbar, and respiratory muscles. In general, death is caused by chronic hypoventilation due to respiratory insufficiency. No causal treatment is known today, but the two therapeutic agents authorized in Switzerland for the treatment of ALS can slow disease progression significantly. Other important therapeutic strategies include invasive/non-invasive ventilation, pain therapy, as well as physio-, ergo- and speech therapy on a regular basis.


La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est la maladie du motoneurone la plus fréquente de l'adulte. C'est une maladie sévère (la survie moyenne est d'environ 3 à 5 ans), caractérisée par une dégénérescence des premier et deuxième motoneurones. Elle se manifeste par un déficit moteur amyotrophiant progressif des membres, de la langue, des muscles bulbaires et respiratoires. En général, le décès est causé par une hypoventilation chronique. Il n'existe actuellement aucun traitement curatif. Les deux médicaments autorisés en Suisse peuvent ralentir significativement la progression de la maladie et plusieurs nouvelles molécules sont à l'essai. Les traitements non médicamenteux/symptomatiques constituent le deuxième pilier de la prise en charge : ventilation non invasive, traitement des symptômes bulbaires, stabilisation du poids, physio et ergothérapie.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Respiratory Insufficiency , Adult , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Fasciculation/diagnosis , Fasciculation/etiology , Fasciculation/therapy , Humans , Muscle Cramp , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Switzerland
6.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 799-802, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481504

ABSTRACT

Muscle diseases or myopathies have heterogeneous clinical presentations and etiologies. The principal sign is muscular weakness, whose distribution can help diagnostic orientation. Exercise intolerance, even without weakness at rest, can indicate an underlying myopathy. An isolated CK elevation can have multiple causes, but its persistence after a period of rest can point towards a subclinical myopathy. Isolated myalgia, especially at rest, are usually not associated with muscle disease. If the suspicion of myopathy is high, the patient will be assessed by a neurologist trained in muscle disorders, with correlation of clinical and neurophysiological findings, muscle imaging and, if indicated, muscle biopsy and genetic analysis. Cardiac and respiratory assessments are mandatory if a myopathy is suspected.


Les myopathies sont d'étiologie et de présentation hétérogènes. Le signe principal est la faiblesse musculaire, dont la distribution peut orienter le diagnostic. L'intolérance à l'effort, même isolée, peut indiquer une myopathie, en particulier métabolique. Une élévation isolée des créatines kinases (CK) peut avoir des causes multiples mais la persistance d'une valeur anormalement élevée au repos peut être un indice de myopathie subclinique. Les myalgies isolées, notamment au repos, ne sont en général pas associées aux myopathies. Si la suspicion de myopathie est retenue, le patient sera évalué par un neurologue expert en pathologie musculaire, pour complément d'explorations par bilan neurophysiologique (ENMG (électroneuromyographique)), imagerie musculaire et biopsie musculaire ou analyse génétique. Les bilans cardiaque et respiratoire sont indispensables dans tous les cas.


Subject(s)
Muscular Diseases , Adult , Biopsy , Heart , Humans , Muscles , Muscular Diseases/diagnosis , Muscular Diseases/etiology , Myalgia/complications
7.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 808-812, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481506

ABSTRACT

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) has been widely described during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The last 20 years have seen decisive progress in its understanding. The diagnostic criteria have been simplified and the steps of the diagnostic process have been clarified. The phenotypic contours of the disease are now well known, as are the diagnostic pitfalls. From a pathophysiological point of view, the discovery of autoantibodies directed against nodal and paranodal proteins has been a major advance, although it concerns only a minority of patients. These discoveries have a major impact on the therapeutic management of these patients, often suffering from a very active form of the disease. The next 20 years will surely see a further deepening of knowledge about this fascinating disease.


La polyradiculoneuropathie inflammatoire démyélinisante chronique est une entité largement décrite au cours du dernier quart du 20e siècle. Les 20 dernières années ont vu s'accomplir des progrès décisifs dans sa compréhension. Les critères diagnostiques se sont simplifiés et les étapes de la démarche diagnostique se sont précisées. Les contours phénotypiques de l'affection sont désormais bien connus, de même que les pièges diagnostiques. Sur le plan physiopathologique, la découverte des autoanticorps dirigés contre les protéines nodales et paranodales a été une avancée majeure qui ne concerne toutefois qu'une minorité de patients. Ces découvertes ont un impact majeur sur la prise en charge thérapeutique de ces patients, souffrant souvent d'une forme très active de la maladie. Les 20 prochaines années verront sûrement s'approfondir encore les connaissances sur cette maladie fascinante.


Subject(s)
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating , Autoantibodies , Humans , Inflammation , Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating/diagnosis , Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating/therapy
8.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 813-816, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481507

ABSTRACT

Hereditary neuropathies have been the subject of recent major therapeutic advances. Treatments based on antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been developed and are now commercially available to treat hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hTTR) and porphyria. More recently, a CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing treatment targeting the TTR gene has been developed and is being tested in patients with hTTR. Based on their success in hTTR and porphyria, innovative treatments targeting mRNA and DNA are being evaluated in other hereditary neuropathies, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).


Les neuropathies héréditaires ont fait l'objet d'avancées thérapeu­tiques majeures. Ainsi, des traitements à base d'oligonucléotides antisens (ASO) et d'ARN interférentiels (ARNi) ont récemment été développés et sont maintenant disponibles pour traiter efficacement la neuropathie amyloïde familiale à transthyrétine (NAF-TTR) et la porphyrie. Encore plus récemment, des traitements d'édition génomique de type CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9) ciblant le gène TTR ont été mis au point et sont testés chez des patients avec une NAF-TTR. Forts de leur succès dans la NAF-TTR et la porphyrie, ces traitements innovants ciblant l'ARNm et l'ADN sont en cours d'évaluation dans d'autres neuropathies héréditaires, dont la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT).


Subject(s)
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease , Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/drug therapy , Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/therapy , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/therapy , Humans
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 794-798, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481503

ABSTRACT

Shoulder pain or paresis should be assessed carefully, as there are many possible causes, which can be osteoarticular, degenerative, inflammatory, or neurological. Weakness or pain can be related to cervicobrachialgia, plexitis, or focal mononeuropathy. The clinical picture should identify any muscular or mechanical origin of paresis responsible for pseudo-paretic functional limitation. Neurogenic scapulalgia with functional deficit implies the compression or entrapment of a nerve trunk including the axillary, long thoracic, accessory, suprascapular, or dorsal scapular nerves. Nerve conduction study and myography together with medical imaging help to identify the relevant etiology. Treatment mostly includes pain relief and physiotherapy, but surgery is rarely necessary.


L'épaule douloureuse ou parétique est d'appréhension délicate et de causes variées : ostéoarticulaire, dégénérative, inflammatoire ou neurologique. La faiblesse ou la douleur peuvent être liées à une cervicobrachialgie, une plexite ou une mononeuropathie focale. Le tableau clinique doit distinguer une parésie d'origine musculaire ou mécanique responsable alors d'une limitation fonctionnelle pseudo-parétique. Une scapulalgie déficitaire neurogène implique la recherche d'une mononeuropathie d'enclavement ou compressive d'un tronc nerveux, axillaire, long thoracique, accessoire du XIe nerf crânien, suprascapulaire ou dorsal de la scapula. Au besoin l'ENMG (électroneuromyogramme)et l'imagerie débrouilleront les multiples étiologies. Le traitement requiert le plus souvent une antalgie et une rééducation, rarement une chirurgie.


Subject(s)
Nerve Compression Syndromes , Shoulder Pain , Attitude , Humans , Nerve Compression Syndromes/complications , Paresis/complications , Scapula/innervation , Scapula/surgery , Shoulder Pain/diagnosis , Shoulder Pain/etiology , Shoulder Pain/therapy
10.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(779): 803-807, 2022 Apr 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35481505

ABSTRACT

Small fiber neuropathies affect small, poorly myelinated sensory Aδ and amyelinated C autonomic fibers. Neuropathic pain is often the main symptom. Positive diagnosis is based on the presence of deficient thermo-algesic sensory signs and/or dysautonomic signs with normal neurography. Several tests help to confirm the involvement of small fibers, ranging from simple tests such as the sympathetic skin response to skin biopsy, which measures the density of intraepidermal nerve fibers. The availability of these different tests varies greatly from one center to another. There are multiple etiologies, from rare genetic causes to the more frequent acquired dysimmune or metabolic causes. However, in more than half of the cases, no etiology is identified.


Les neuropathies des petites fibres touchent les petites fibres peu myélinisées sensitives Aδ et amyéliniques C autonomes. La douleur neuropathique est souvent le symptôme principal. Le diagnostic positif repose sur la présence de signes sensitifs thermo-algiques déficitaires et/ou de signes dysautonomiques avec des neurographies normales. Plusieurs examens aident à confirmer l'atteinte des petites fibres, allant de tests simples comme la réponse cutanée sympathique à la biopsie de peau qui mesure la densité des fibres nerveuses intra-épidermiques. L'accessibilité de ces différents examens est très variable d'un centre à l'autre. Les étiologies sont variées, des causes génétiques rares aux causes acquises dysimmunes ou métaboliques plus fréquentes. Toutefois, dans plus de la moitié des cas, aucune étiologie n'est retrouvée.


Subject(s)
Neuralgia , Small Fiber Neuropathy , Biopsy , Humans , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Neuralgia/diagnosis , Neuralgia/etiology , Skin/innervation , Small Fiber Neuropathy/diagnosis , Small Fiber Neuropathy/etiology , Small Fiber Neuropathy/pathology
11.
Rev Med Suisse ; 17(733): 697-701, 2021 Apr 07.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33830702

ABSTRACT

Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) causes damage to small-calibre nerve fibers (unmyelinated C fibers and myelinated A-delta fibers). The symptoms of SFN usually are sensitive including paresthesia, dysesthesia or burning pain, and protopathic deficits, sometimes associated with dysautonomia. The causes of SFN can be classified in six main groups: idiopathic, toxic, metabolic, immunological, infectious and hereditary. In this article, we present the diagnostic approach to SFN, the most common autoimmune aetiologies, as well as elements of their therapeutic management.


La neuropathie des petites fibres (NPF) implique une atteinte des fibres nerveuses de petit calibre : les fibres C non myélinisées et les fibres A-delta myélinisées. Elle se manifeste principalement par des troubles sensitifs : paresthésies, dysesthésies ou douleurs neuropathiques (brûlures) et déficits protopathiques, associés à des symptômes dysautonomiques. Les étiologies possibles des NPF sont variées : idiopathiques, toxiques, métaboliques, immunologiques, infectieuses et héréditaires. Nous présentons dans cet article la démarche diagnostique des NPF, les étiologies autoimmunes les plus fréquemment associées aux NPF, ainsi que des éléments de prise en charge thérapeutique.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Small Fiber Neuropathy , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Pain , Small Fiber Neuropathy/diagnosis , Small Fiber Neuropathy/etiology
12.
Clin Case Rep ; 12(7): e9147, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39005577

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 54-year-old male with severe Parkinson's disease and chronic, non-reversible pulmonary artery hypertension who had seizures and a cardiorespiratory arrest during surgery for deep brain stimulation, a minimally invasive procedure usually associated with a low risk of complications. This case illustrates how perioperative changes in antiparkinsonian therapy in patient with multiple comorbidities may significantly affect the risk profile.

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