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1.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38710467

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) removes neutrophils and monocytes from peripheral blood, preventing their incorporation into the inflamed tissue also influencing cytokine balance. Published therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis (UC) is more consistent than in Crohn's disease (CD). We assessed clinical efficacy of GMA in UC and CD 4 weeks after last induction session, at 3 and 12 months, sustained remission and corticosteroid-free remission. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective observational study of UC and CD patients treated with GMA. Partial Disease Activity Index-DAIp in UC and Harvey-Bradshaw Index-HBI in CD assessed efficacy of Adacolumn® with induction and optional maintenance sessions. RESULTS: We treated 87 patients (CD-25, UC-62), 87.3% corticosteroid-dependent (CSD), 42.5% refractory/intolerant to immunomodulators. In UC, remission and response were 32.2% and 19.3% after induction, 35.5% and 6.5% at 12 weeks and 29% and 6.5% at 52 weeks. In CD, remission rates were 60%, 52% and 40% respectively. In corticosteroid-dependent and refractory or intolerant to INM patients (UC-41, CD-14), 68.3% of UC achieved remission or response after induction, 51.2% at 12 weeks and 46.3% at 52 weeks, and 62.3%, 64.3% and 42.9% in CD. Maintained remission was achieved by 66.6% in CD and 53.1% in UC. Up to 74.5% of patients required corticosteroids at some timepoint. Corticosteroid-free response/remission was 17.7% in UC and 24% in CD. CONCLUSIONS: GMA is a good therapeutic tool for both in UC and CD patients. In corticosteroid-dependent and refractory or intolerant to INM patients it avoids biological therapy or surgery in up to 40% of them in one year.

2.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 112(5): 414-415, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32338011

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 30-year-old female patient with Gilbert's syndrome and gastrointestinal intolerance to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) with longstanding epigastric pain. Laboratory tests were unremarkable, except for a slight elevation of indirect bilirubin due to Gilbert's syndrome. An upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy showed a diffuse and homogeneous micropolypoid mucosal pattern that involved the entire duodenal bulb. Histopathology analysis revealed gastric heterotopic mucosa with foveolar epithelium and fundic glands. A diagnosis of diffuse duodenal gastric heterotopia was determined. Anti-H2 blockers were prescribed with a significant clinical improvement.


Subject(s)
Duodenum , Upper Gastrointestinal Tract , Adult , Duodenum/diagnostic imaging , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Female , Gastric Mucosa , Humans , Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use
3.
Physiol Plant ; 154(3): 395-406, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25410139

ABSTRACT

Lignins result from the oxidative polymerization of three hydroxycinnamyl (p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl) alcohols in a reaction mediated by peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) and laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), yielding H, G and S units, respectively. Although both acidic and basic peroxidases can oxidize p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohol, only basic peroxidases are able to oxidize sinapyl alcohol. The AtPrx52 from Arabidopsis is a basic peroxidase that has been reported to be highly homologous to the basic peroxidase of Zinnia elegans, the only peroxidase which has been unequivocally linked to lignin formation. Here, we show how the suppression of AtPrx52 causes a change in lignin composition, mainly at the level of stem interfascicular fibers. Quantification of lignins in two different atprx52 knock-out mutants revealed a decrease of lignin amount compared with wild type. The S/G ratio, obtained by both nitrobenzene oxidation and thioacidolysis, indicated a decrease in S units in the atprx52 mutants. As deduced from Wiesner and mainly Mäule staining, this reduction in S unit content appears to be restricted to the interfascicular fibers. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in atprx52 plants showed a general downregulation of genes involved in lignin biosynthetic pathway, as well as genes related to secondary cell wall. On the other hand, other routes from phenylpropanoid metabolism were induced. Taken together, our results indicate that AtPrx52 is involved in the synthesis of S units in interfascicular fibers at late stages of the lignification process.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Lignin/metabolism , Peroxidases/metabolism , Plant Stems/metabolism , Xylem/metabolism , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Cell Wall/genetics , Cell Wall/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gene Knockout Techniques , Lignin/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mutation , Peroxidases/genetics , Plant Stems/genetics , Plant Stems/ultrastructure , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Xylem/genetics
4.
Molecules ; 20(2): 2973-3000, 2015 Feb 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25685907

ABSTRACT

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae which produces terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) of high medicinal importance. Indeed, a number of activities like antidiabetic, bactericide and antihypertensive are linked to C. roseus. Nevertheless, the high added value of this plant is based on its enormous pharmaceutical interest, producing more than 130 TIAs, some of which exhibit strong pharmacological activities. The most striking biological activity investigated has been the antitumour effect of dimeric alkaloids such as anhydrovinblastine, vinblastine and vincristine which are already in pre-, clinical or in use. The great pharmacological importance of these indole alkaloids, contrasts with the small amounts of them found in this plant, making their extraction a very expensive process. To overcome this problem, researches have looked for alternative sources and strategies to produce them in higher amounts. In this sense, intensive research on the biosynthesis of TIAs and the regulation of their pathways has been developed with the aim to increase by biotechnological approaches, the production of these high added value compounds. This review is focused on the different strategies which improve TIA production, and in the analysis of the beneficial effects that these compounds exert on human health.


Subject(s)
Catharanthus/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/metabolism , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , China , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Shoots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
5.
Planta ; 237(6): 1599-612, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23508663

ABSTRACT

Lignins result from the oxidative polymerization of three hydroxycinnamyl (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl) alcohols in a reaction mediated by peroxidases. The most important of these is the cationic peroxidase from Zinnia elegans (ZePrx), an enzyme considered to be responsible for the last step of lignification in this plant. Bibliographical evidence indicates that the arabidopsis peroxidase 72 (AtPrx72), which is homolog to ZePrx, could have an important role in lignification. For this reason, we performed a bioinformatic, histochemical, photosynthetic, and phenotypical and lignin composition analysis of an arabidopsis knock-out mutant of AtPrx72 with the aim of characterizing the effects that occurred due to the absence of expression of this peroxidase from the aspects of plant physiology such as vascular development, lignification, and photosynthesis. In silico analyses indicated a high homology between AtPrx72 and ZePrx, cell wall localization and probably optimal levels of translation of AtPrx72. The histochemical study revealed a low content in syringyl units and a decrease in the amount of lignin in the atprx72 mutant plants compared to WT. The atprx72 mutant plants grew more slowly than WT plants, with both smaller rosette and principal stem, and with fewer branches and siliques than the WT plants. Lastly, chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed a significant decrease in ΦPSII and q L in atprx72 mutant plants that could be related to changes in carbon partitioning and/or utilization of redox equivalents in arabidopsis metabolism. The results suggest an important role of AtPrx72 in lignin biosynthesis. In addition, knock-out plants were able to respond and adapt to an insufficiency of lignification.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Arabidopsis/enzymology , Computational Biology , Lignin/biosynthesis , Peroxidase/metabolism , Peroxidases/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Asteraceae/enzymology , Cell Wall/metabolism , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Chlorophyll A , Fluorescence , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation/genetics , Peroxidase/chemistry , Peroxidases/genetics , Phenotype , Plant Stems/anatomy & histology , Protein Structure, Secondary , Sequence Alignment , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Xylem/cytology , Xylem/metabolism
6.
J Exp Bot ; 64(12): 3499-518, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23956408

ABSTRACT

Zinnia elegans constitutes one of the most useful model systems for studying xylem differentiation, which simultaneously involves secondary cell wall synthesis, cell wall lignification, and programmed cell death. Likewise, the in vitro culture system of Z. elegans has been the best characterized as the differentiation of mesophyll cells into tracheary elements allows study of the biochemistry and physiology of xylogenesis free from the complexity that heterogeneous plant tissues impose. Moreover, Z. elegans has emerged as an excellent plant model to study the involvement of peroxidases in cell wall lignification. This is due to the simplicity and duality of the lignification pattern shown by the stems and hypocotyls, and to the basic nature of the peroxidase isoenzyme. This protein is expressed not only in hypocotyls and stems but also in mesophyll cells transdifferentiating into tracheary elements. Therefore, not only does this peroxidase fulfil all the catalytic requirements to be involved in lignification overcoming all restrictions imposed by the polymerization step, but also its expression is inherent in lignification. In fact, its basic nature is not exceptional since basic peroxidases are differentially expressed during lignification in other model systems, showing unusual and unique biochemical properties such as oxidation of syringyl moieties. This review focuses on the experiments which led to a better understanding of the lignification process in Zinnia, starting with the basic knowledge about the lignin pattern in this plant, how lignification takes place, and how a sole basic peroxidase with unusual catalytic properties is involved and regulated by hormones, H2O2, and nitric oxide.


Subject(s)
Asteraceae/enzymology , Asteraceae/genetics , Cell Wall/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lignin/metabolism , Peroxidases/genetics , Arabidopsis/cytology , Arabidopsis/enzymology , Arabidopsis/genetics , Asteraceae/cytology , Cell Differentiation , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Peroxidases/metabolism , Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism
7.
Pharm Biol ; 51(3): 304-10, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23137274

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that produces more than 130 alkaloids, with special attention given to the production of the anti-hypertensive monomeric indole alkaloids, serpentine and ajmalicine, and the antitumor dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of the indole alkaloid-enriched bioactive extract obtained from suspension cultured-cells of C. roseus elicited with methyl jasmonate (MJ) and cyclodextrins (CDs) in three cell lines: JURKAT E.6 human lymphocytic leukemia, THP-1 human monocytic leukemia and BL 1395 non-tumor human B-cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An indole alkaloid-enriched bioactive extract was obtained from C. roseus cell cultures elicited with MJ and CDs. The indole alkaloids were identified using an HPLC-diode array system coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The cytotoxic assays were made using the colorimetric assay 2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-S-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2 tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT). RESULTS: Four indole alkaloids were identified (catharanthine, ajmalicine, tabersonine and lochnericine) but only catharanthine and ajmalicine were quantified. The concentration of the indole alkaloid-enriched bioactive extract that inhibited cell growth by 50% was 211 and 210 ng/mL for the JURKAT E.6 and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results confirm that the powerful antitumor activity of this indole alkaloid-enriched bioactive extract is not due to the effect of a single compound but depends on the synergistic action of the four compounds identified.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Catharanthus/metabolism , Indole Alkaloids/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Acetates/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/biosynthesis , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Catharanthus/chemistry , Catharanthus/cytology , Catharanthus/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cyclodextrins/pharmacology , Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Drug Discovery , Humans , Indole Alkaloids/chemistry , Indole Alkaloids/metabolism , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/cytology , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Quinolines/chemistry , Quinolines/metabolism , Quinolines/pharmacology , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemistry , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/metabolism , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacology , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Vinca Alkaloids/chemistry , Vinca Alkaloids/metabolism , Vinca Alkaloids/pharmacology
8.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 67(4): 422-9, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23161277

ABSTRACT

trans-Resveratrol (trans-R) has been reported to be a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. Although its cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines has been tested, its effect on human acute leukemia cell lines has scarcely been investigated, and only a few in vitro studies were performed using human breast epithelial cell lines. Due to its potential value for human health, demand for trans-R has rapidly increased, and new biotechnological strategies to obtain it from natural edible sources have been developed. Thus, grapevine cell cultures represent a reliable system of trans-R production since they biosynthesize trans-R constitutively or in response to elicitation. In addition, there are no studies deepen on the inhibitory effect of trans-R, produced by elicited grapevine cell cultures, on growth of human tumor cell lines. In this work, the effect of trans-R extracted from the culture medium, after elicitation of grapevine cell cultures, was tested on two human acute lymphocytic and monocytic leukemia cell lines, and one human breast cancer cell line. The effect of trans-R on cell proliferation was not only dose- and time-dependent but also cell type-dependent, as seen from the different degrees of susceptibility of cancer cell lines tested. As regards the effect of trans-R on cell cycle distribution, low trans-R concentrations increased cells in the S phase whereas a high trans-R concentration increased G0/G1 phase in all cell lines. Perturbation of the cell cycle at low trans-R concentrations did not correlate with the induction of cell death, whereas a high trans-R concentration, cell proliferation decreased as a result of increasing apoptosis in the three cell lines. In leukemia cells, trans-R up-regulated the expression of caspase-3 while trans-R-induced apoptosis in breast cells occur through a caspase-3-independent mechanism mediated by a down-regulation of Bcl-2.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Vitis/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Apoptosis/drug effects , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cyclodextrins/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Female , Genes, bcl-2/drug effects , Humans , Resveratrol , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Stilbenes/isolation & purification , Time Factors , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Vitis/drug effects
10.
J Anthropol Sci ; 96: 107-134, 2019 Dec 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31472012

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to give a practical overview, showing how recent available digital technology can be combined to build a laboratory capable to produce 3D (and reproduce in 3D) anatomical models for research, teaching and museum exhibitions on topics related to anatomy, morphology in natural sciences, biology and medicine. We present workflows in our Virtual Morphology Lab that can be used for research, training (museum, academic), and external service. We first review different surface scanning equipment and post-processing techniques that are useful for scanning in museum collections and provide technical recommendations for hard- and software as well as storing media on the web. This section is followed by an overview of available software packages for rigorous and effective 3D measurements of landmarks and sliding semi-landmarks, providing extensive supplementary information with guiding manuals for self-teaching in these cutting-edge but complicated research methods. We review briefly most recent work on virtual GM and describe ways for representing results in form of 3D images and 3D prints (outputs). The last part is dedicated to a summary of our experience in 3D-printing using FDM technology of differently sized printers and thermoplastic materials. Finally, we discuss the above-described workflows and its potential applications in research (paleo, biomedical), teaching and museums pedagogics.


Subject(s)
Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Models, Anatomic , Paleontology/methods , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Animals , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Fossils/diagnostic imaging , Hominidae , Humans , Workflow
11.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 30(1): 7-10, 2007 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17266874

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, and of ulcerative colitis in particular, varies widely according to geographical area and has been reported to have increased in the last few years, although some of the differences observed may be due to the methodology employed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of ulcerative colitis in our area and to compare it with that described in other areas of Spain and Europe, as well as to describe certain clinico-epidemiological aspects of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, prospective, population-based study was performed from 2000-2001 in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in the catchment area of the Hospital Costa del Sol, with a population of 210,384 inhabitants. The crude incidence rate was adjusted by the direct method, using the European standard population (EU-25, 2000) as the reference population; 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (23 men [53.5%] and 20 women [46.5%], with a mean age of 35.23 years [SD=15.42]) were included. Thirty-three percent were residents of the Hospital Costa del Sol's catchment area and were included in the calculation of incidence. The crude incidence was 7.84 and the incidence adjusted by age and sex to the European population was 7.26 per 100,000 inhabitants/year. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ulcerative colitis in the area of the Hospital Costa del Sol is higher than that found in other studies performed in the autonomous community of Andalusia as well as that observed in some studies performed in the north of the Peninsula.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prospective Studies , Spain
12.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 30(1): 19-21, 2007 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17266877

ABSTRACT

Eosinophilic enteritis is a rare disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of different wall layers of the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, by eosinophilic cells. The most frequently affected structures are the stomach and small intestine. The pathogenesis of eosinophilic enteritis is not well understood and is often related to a personal or familial history of atopy. Clinical symptoms depend on the affected layers. Thus malabsorptive syndrome, intestinal strictures or ascites depend on a mucosal, muscular or serosa layer infiltration, respectively. We present three cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with distinct clinical presentations.


Subject(s)
Enteritis/diagnosis , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged
14.
Plant Sci ; 239: 192-9, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26398803

ABSTRACT

Class III peroxidases are glycoproteins with a major role in cell wall maturation such as lignin formation. Peroxidases are usually present in a high number of isoenzymes, which complicates to assign specific functions to individual peroxidase isoenzymes. Arabidopsis genome encodes for 73 peroxidases, among which AtPrx72 has been shown to participate in lignification. Here, we report by using knock out peroxidase mutants how the disruption of AtPrx72 causes thinner secondary walls in interfascicular fibres but not in the xylem of the stem. This effect is also age-dependent, and AtPrx72 function seems to be particularly important when lignification prevails over elongation processes. Finally, the suppression AtPrx72 leads to the down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as genes and transcription factors involved in secondary wall thickening.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lignin/genetics , Peroxidases/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Cell Wall/metabolism , Gene Knockout Techniques , Lignin/biosynthesis , Peroxidases/metabolism , Plant Stems/genetics , Plant Stems/metabolism , Secondary Metabolism
15.
J Plant Physiol ; 175: 86-94, 2015 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25506770

ABSTRACT

Syringyl lignins result from the oxidative polymerization of sinapyl alcohol in a reaction mediated by syringyl (basic) peroxidases. Several peroxidases have been identified in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana as close homologues to ZePrx, the best characterized basic peroxidase so far, but none of these has been directly involved in lignification. We have used a knock-out mutant of AtPrx4, the closest homologue to ZePrx, to study the involvement of this basic peroxidase in the physiology of the plant under both long- and short-day light conditions. Our results suggest that AtPrx4 is involved in cell wall lignification, especially in syringyl monomer formation. The disruption of AtPrx4 causes a decrease in syringyl units proportion, but only when light conditions are optimal. Moreover, the effect of AtPrx4 disruption is age-dependent, and it is only significant when the elongation process of the stem has ceased and lignification becomes active. In conclusion, AtPrx4 emerges as a basic peroxidase regulated by day length with an important role in lignification.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Arabidopsis/enzymology , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lignin/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Peroxidases/metabolism , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Cell Wall/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Peroxidase/genetics , Peroxidases/genetics , Plant Stems/enzymology , Plant Stems/genetics
16.
Acta Trop ; 84(3): 175-81, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12443795

ABSTRACT

Fourteen dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and treated with allopurinol were monitored clinically and serologically with immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT, amastigotes and promastigotes), enzyme linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA, IgG1 and IgG2) and Western blotting (WB). In all dogs therapy lead to clinical improvement together with decreasing specific antibodies in IFAT, ELISA and WB, demonstrating the usefulness of serology for follow-up. Although IgG1 and IgG2 varied considerably between individual animals, IgG2 of all dogs was predominantly in both ELISA and WB. This suggests the value of monitoring the IgG2 response (especially against 29 and 67 kDa antigens) in the follow-up of treated dogs.


Subject(s)
Allopurinol/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Leishmania infantum/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Blotting, Western/methods , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Host-Parasite Interactions , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Leishmania infantum/cytology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
17.
J Plant Physiol ; 170(3): 258-64, 2013 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23127362

ABSTRACT

Suspension-cultured cells of Vitis vinifera cv Monastrell were used to investigate the effects of methyljasmonate, ethylene and salicylic acid separately or in combination with cyclodextrins on both trans-resveratrol production and the induction of defense responses. The results showed that the addition of methyljasmonate or ethylene to suspension-cultured cells jointly treated with cyclodextrins and salicylic acid provoked a decrease of trans-resveratrol levels suggesting that salicylic acid has a negative and antagonistic effect with methyljasmonate or ethylene on trans-resveratrol production. Likewise, the exogenous application of these compounds induced the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. Analysis of the extracellular proteome showed the presence of amino acid sequences homologous to an specific ß-1,3-glucanase, class III peroxidases and a ß-1,4-mannanase, which suggests that these signal molecules could play a role in mediating defense-related gene product expression in V. vinifera cv Monastrell. Apart from these inducible proteins, other proteins were found in both the control and elicited cell cultures of V. vinifera. These included class IV chitinase, polygalacturonase inhibitor protein and reticuline oxidase-like protein, suggesting that their expression is constitutive being involved in the modification of the cell wall architecture during cell culture growth and in the prevention of pathogen attack.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Disease Resistance/drug effects , Plant Diseases/immunology , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Stilbenes/metabolism , Vitis/immunology , Vitis/metabolism , Acetates/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Cyclodextrins/pharmacology , Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Ethylenes/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Genes, Plant , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Resveratrol , Salicylic Acid/pharmacology , Signal Transduction , Vitis/cytology , Vitis/drug effects , Vitis/genetics
18.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 62: 107-10, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23208304

ABSTRACT

The use of cyclic oligosaccharides like cyclodextrins (CDs), alone or combined with methyl jasmonate (MJ), as elicitors has proved very effective in stimulating the production of trans-resveratrol (trans-R) in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells (SCC). Since elicitors can be used to increase trans-R production, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved would improve the management of grapevine cells as factories of this compound. The results obtained in this study provide evidence for a role of Ca(2+) in mediating elicitor-induced trans-R production in grapevine SCC. The Ca(2+) elevation was promoted by an uptake of Ca(2+) from the extracellular medium, and by Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular organelles. Moreover, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events seem to be involved in the signal transduction pathways triggered by CDs separately or in combination with MJ since trans-R production is dependent on both, the phosphorylation status of several proteins through mitogen-activated kinase pathway and the activity of tyrosine phosphatases. Our results also suggest that H(2)O(2) and NO participated in the production of trans-R triggered by both elicitors in grapevine SCC. Finally, a fast alkalinization of the extracellular medium is induced in the presence of CDs and/or MJ.


Subject(s)
Acetates/pharmacology , Calcium Signaling/drug effects , Cyclodextrins/pharmacology , Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Plant Cells/metabolism , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Vitis/metabolism , Calcium Signaling/physiology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Vitis/cytology
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