Cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology: a cohort study of adults with intellectual developmental disorder.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment of intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) is determined by several different combinations of specific cognitive alterations. People with IDD present a rate of mental health problems that is up to 4 times higher than that of the general population. Despite this, the relationship between specific cognitive dysfunctions and co-occurring mental disorders has not been adequately studied. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the association between specific cognitive dysfunctions and specific psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in people with IDD. METHODS: One hundred and twenty adults with mild to moderate IDD living in residential facilities underwent a clinical and instrumental assessment for specific cognitive and psychopathological features. RESULTS: Participants with IDD and ASD have significantly lower scores compared to those without respect to who has not the diagnosis on the Processing Speed Index (PSI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) on the WAIS-IV and higher time scores on the TMT A. Moreover, there is a significant association between years of hospitalisation and TMT B and TMT B A time scores; the longer a participant with IDD was hospitalised, the worse their performance on the TMT. Although not statistically significant, many psychopathological clusters showed substantial cognitive profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Although further research is needed, neuropsychological and IQ tests scores seem to be differently associated to various psychopathological conditions co-occurring with IDD, and with ASD especially. Cognitive assessment seems to support diagnosis and treatment of psychopathological co-occurrences in persons with IDD, also in consideration of indirect implications including a better knowledge of the patient's characteristics beyond IQ deficit.

Comparative transcriptome profiling of the response to Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in resistant tomato cultivar Mogeor and its background genotype-susceptible Moneymaker.

Breeding for resistance is the most effective tool for controlling the corky root disease of tomato caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. A comparative RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic analysis was conducted at 96 hpi (hours post infection) on two tomato cultivars: resistant Mogeor and its genetic background, and susceptible Moneymaker to investigate the differences in their transcriptomic response and identify the molecular bases of this plant-pathogen interaction. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified was much higher in the susceptible than in the resistant genotype; however, the proportion of upregulated genes was higher in Mogeor (70.81%) than in Moneymaker (52.95%). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis enabled identification of 24 terms shared by the two cultivars that were consistent with responses to external stimulus, such as fungal infection. On the other hand, as many as 54 GO were enriched solely in Moneymaker, including terms related to defense response and cell wall metabolism. Our results could support the previous observations in other pathosystems, that susceptibility and resistance have overlapping signaling pathways and responses, suggesting that the P. lycopersici resistance gene pyl might be a recessive allele at a susceptibility locus, for which different candidate genes were identified based on the differences in induction or expression levels, observed between the resistant and susceptible genotype. MapMan analysis highlighted a complex hormone and transcription factors interplay where SA- and JA-induced pathways are modulated in a similar way in both genotypes and thus take part in a common response while the ethylene signaling pathways, induced mainly in susceptible Moneymaker, seem putatively contribute to its susceptibility.

Clinical and personality features of allodynic migraine.

Cutaneous allodynia (CA) is a frequent complaint during migraine attacks, recently associated with migraine transformation as well as psychiatric comorbidities. The aim of our study was to define the clinical features of allodynic migraineurs, in particular, the relationship between CA and personality profile. Between October 2008 and December 2009, 410 migraineurs admitted for the first time to our Headache Center underwent Allodynia Symptom Checklist, MIgraine DIsability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and psychometric tests [Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Y 1-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)]. Allodynia was present in 63% of cases, mostly in females. In CA patients, an association with female sex, chronic migraine, higher values of MIDAS, BDI, harm avoidance (HA, a TPQ dimension) and STAI Y-2 was found. Interestingly, CA appears to be associated with depression and a particular personality profile characterized by higher values of HA, suggesting an involvement of the serotonergic system in the development of CA in migraine. In conclusion, CA is associated with progression of migraine and it could be a marker of psychiatric comorbidities, in particular, depression and anxious trait.

Subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis in HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy.

BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of HIV-1 protease produce a rapid decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA, with concomitant immune reconstitution. However, severe metabolic side effects together with a previously unseen form of lipodystrophy have been associated with long-term use of protease-inhibitor therapy. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy are still largely unknown. METHODS: Fourteen HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy had a biopsy of subcutaneous fat performed in the antero-lateral aspect of the right leg. The samples were submitted for standard pathologic study together with a careful search for adipocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method, using the ApopTag kit (Oncor, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA). The procedure was performed between three and five times for each sample. Appropriate positive and negative controls were used. Controls which were subcutaneous fat biopsies from patients with untreated melanoma were also examined for the presence of apoptosis. RESULTS: Fourteen HIV-infected patients with a mean exposure to HIV-1 protease inhibitors of 12.6 +/- 3.7 months (range: 6-21 months), developed the characteristic features of HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy. All but one patient had an abnormal waist:hip ratio, and they all exhibited an abnormal serum lipid profile. Pathologically, subcutaneous fat atrophy was a constant feature, along with focal lipogranuloma formation and vascular proliferation. One of the eleven assessable biopsy samples was negative for the presence of apoptosis, six showed focally positive apoptotic cells, and the remaining four biopsies demonstrated moderate positivity. Apoptotic changes were also detected in endothelial cells. Apoptotic changes were more pronounced in patients with higher increases in CD4 and CD8 counts, and in those with a greater decay in plasma viral load. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis occurs in lipoatrophic areas of patients with HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy.

Benefit of switching from a protease inhibitor (PI) to nevirapine in PI-experienced patients suffering acquired HIV-related lipodystrophy syndrome (AHL): interim analysis at 3 months of follow-up.

This multicentre, randomized, open-label, prospective trial is evaluating the effects of switching treatment from a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen to one containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with durable viral suppression but suffering from lipodystrophy. Objectives of this ongoing study are to evaluate the effects of this switch on changes in body shape and metabolic abnormalities associated with acquired HIV-related lipodystrophy syndrome (AHL), as well as on maintenance of viral suppression and immunological and psychological effects. Preliminary data involving 57 patients with 3 months of follow-up show an initial improvement of AHL in two regions, the face and arms. There is also a tendency toward improved cholesterol and triglyceride levels and improved quality of life among patients receiving the nevirapine-containing regimen. Maintenance of viral suppression was equivalent in both treatment groups. Additional data with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.

Control de crecimiento de Listeria monocytogenes en co-cultivo con Lactobacillus plantaram / Growth control of Listeria monocytogenes in co-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum

RESUMEN Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) es un patógeno emergente causante de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos de consumo masivo principalmente cárnicos y lácteos. Actualmente se buscan diferentes estrategias para su control, entre ellas compuestos naturales producidos por otros microorganismos como ácidos orgánicos y otros compuestos como lactoferrina, lisozima y bacteriocinas, estas últimas producidas por especies de bacterias como Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp). El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de cepas de Lp aisladas de suero costeño sobre el control de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada en co-cultivos. Se realizaron curvas de crecimiento para Lm, Lp 60-1 y Lp 62-1 y co-cultivos de cada Lp con Lm. La cinética de crecimiento fue evaluada determinando la viabilidad durante 24h en agares selectivos. La tasa de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada como control en leche UHT y en co-cultivos, presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos, evidenciando que el control alcanzó un valor promedio de tasa de crecimiento mayor (µmax =0,65 h-1), que el obtenido para los co-cultivos con Lp 60-1 y Lp 62-1 (µmax =0,22 h-1 y µmax =0,27 h-1 respectivamente). La mayor diferencia fue alcanzada en el co cultivo con Lp 60-1, obteniendo el menor valor promedio de tasa de crecimiento de Lm. Los resultados demuestran la eficiencia de las cepas de Lp (60-1 y 62-1) para el control de crecimiento de Lm en leche UHT comercial, siendo esta una alternativa para reducir el uso de aditivos químicos durante la producción de lácteos.

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an emerging pathogen causing foodborne diseases especially in dairy products and meat. Nowadays are sought different strategies to their control for example natural compounds produced by microorganisms, such as organic acids and other compounds as lactoferrin, lysozyme and bacteriocins, the latter produced by bacterial species as Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp). The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of Lp strains isolated from "Suero costeño" inoculated in co-culture over the L. monocytogenes growth. There where made growth kinetics for Lm, Lp 60-1 and Lp 62-1 and co-cultures of each Lp with Lm. The growth kinetic was evaluated establishing the viability during 24h in selective culture media. The growth rate of L. monocytogenes inoculated in UHT milk and in co-culture, showed a significative difference (p<0,05) between the treatments, demonstrating that the control reach an average value of growth rate higher (µmax =0,65 h-1) than the one obtained for the co-culture with Lp 60-1 and Lp 62-1 (µmax =0,22 h-1 and µmax =0,27 h-1 respectively). The higher difference between the last two treatments was given by the treatment with Lp 60-1, obtaining the lowest average value for the Lm growth. The results showed the efficiency of the Lp strains (60-1 y 62-1) for the growth control of Lm in UHT commercial milk, being an alternative to reduce the use of chemical additives during the production of dairy products.

Fine mapping of a HvCBF gene cluster at the frost resistance locus Fr-H2 in barley.

Barley is an economically important model for the Triticeae tribe. We recently developed a new resource: the 'Nure' x 'Tremois' mapping population. Two low temperature QTLs were found to segregate on the long arm of chromosome 5H (Fr-H1, distal; Fr-H2, proximal). With the final aim of positional cloning of the genetic determinants of Fr-H1 and Fr-H2, a large segregating population of 1,849 F(2) plants between parents 'Nure' and 'Tremois' was prepared. These two QT loci were first validated by using a set of F(3) families, marker-selected to harbor pairs of reciprocal haplotypes, with one QTL fixed at homozygosity and the alternate one in heterozygous phase. The study was then focused towards the isolation of the determinant of Fr-H2. Subsequent recombinant screens and phenotypic evaluation of F(4) segregants allowed us to estimate (P < or = 0.01) a refined genomic interval of Fr-H2 (4.6 cM). Several barley genes with the CBF transcription factor signature had been already roughly mapped in cluster at Fr-H2, and they represent likely candidate genes underlying this QTL. Using the large segregating population (3,698 gametes) a high-resolution genetic map of the HvCBF gene cluster was then constructed, and after fine mapping, six recombinations between the HvCBFs were observed. It was therefore possible to genetically divide seven HvCBF subclusters in barley, in a region spanning 0.81 cM, with distances among them varying from 0.03 to 0.32 cM. The few recombinants between the different HvCBF subclusters are being marker-selected and taken to homozygosity, to phenotypically separate the effects of the single HvCBF genes.

Mapping regulatory genes as candidates for cold and drought stress tolerance in barley.

Cereal crop yield is greatly affected in many growing areas by abiotic stresses, mainly low temperature and drought. In order to find candidates for the tolerance genes for these stresses, 13 genes encoding for transcription factors and upstream regulators were screened by amplification and SSCP on six parental genotypes of three barley mapping populations ('Nure' x 'Tremois', 'Proctor' x 'Nudinka', and 'Steptoe' x 'Morex'), and mapped as newly developed STS, SNP, and SSCP markers. A new consensus function map was then drawn using the three maps above, including 16 regulatory candidate genes (CGs). The positions of barley cold and drought tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) presently described in the literature were added to the consensus map to find positional candidates from among the mapped genes. A cluster of six HvCBF genes co-mapped with the Fr-H2 cold tolerance QTL, while no QTLs for the same trait were positioned on chromosome 7H, where two putative barley regulators of CBF expression, ICE1 and FRY1, found by homology search, were mapped in this work. These observations suggest that CBF gene(s) themselves, rather than their two regulators, are at present the best candidates for cold tolerance. Four out of 12 drought tolerance QTLs of the consensus map are associated with regulatory CGs, on chromosomes 2H, 5H, and 7H, and two QTLs with effector genes, on chromosomes 5H and 6H. The results obtained could be used to guide MAS applications, allowing introduction into an ideal genotype of favourable alleles of tolerance QTLs.

Isolate-specific QTLs of resistance to leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) in the 'Steptoe' x 'Morex' spring barley cross.

Leaf stripe caused by the fungus Pyrenophora graminea represents a serious threat to grain yield in organically grown barley and in conventional Nordic and Mediterranean districts, for which resistant cultivars are necessary. A medium-density, molecular marker map derived from a 'Steptoe' (partially resistant) x 'Morex' (susceptible) spring barley cross and its derived doubled-haploid mapping population inoculated with the fungus made it possible to identify QTLs of resistance to leaf stripe. In order to investigate isolate-specificity of partial resistance, the 'Steptoe' x 'Morex' segregating population was inoculated with two highly virulent P. graminea isolates, Dg2 and Dg5. The present study demonstrates that partial resistance to leaf stripe of cv 'Steptoe' is governed in part by shared loci and in part by isolate-specific ones. One QTL is common to the resistance for the two isolates, on the long arm of chromosome 2 (2H), two QTLs are linked on chromosome 3 (3H), and the remaining two are isolate-specific, respectively for isolate Dg2 on chromosome 2 (2H) and for isolate Dg5 on chromosome 7 (5H). The QTL in common is that with the major effect on the resistance for each isolate, explaining 18.3% and 30.9% R(2) respectively for Dg2 and Dg5. The isolate-specific QTLs mapped in the 'Steptoe' x 'Morex' barley reference map support the assumption of Parlevliet and Zadoks (1977) that partial resistance may be due to minor gene-for-minor-gene interactions. Map comparisons of the QTLs with the known qualitative resistance genes to leaf stripe, Rdg1 (2H) and Rdg2 (7H), as well as with other QTLs of partial resistance in barley, show that the QTL for resistance to both isolates mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2 (2H) does not coincide with the qualitative Rdg1 gene but is linked to it at about 30 cM. One isolate-specific QTL of resistance to P. graminea, mapped on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2H), is coincident with a QTL for resistance to Pyrenophora teres previously mapped in the 'Steptoe' x 'Morex' cross.

Genomic regions determining resistance to leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) in barley.

Leaf stripe is a seed-borne disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) caused by Pyrenophora graminea. Little is known about the genetics of resistance to this pathogen. In the present work, QTL analysis was applied on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from two- and six-rowed barley genotypes with different levels of partial resistance to barley leaf stripe. Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance were identified using the composite interval mapping (CIM) method of PLABQTL software, using the putative QTL markers as cofactors. In the L94 x 'Vada' mapping population, one QTL for resistance was detected on chromosome 2H; the same location as the leaf-stripe resistance gene Rdg1 mapped earlier in 'Alf', where it confers complete resistance to the pathogen. An additional minor-effect QTL was identified by further analyses in this segregating population on chromosome 7H. In L94 x C123, two QTLs for resistance were mapped, one each on chromosomes 7H and 2H.

HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated partial lipodystrophy: clinicopathologic review of 14 cases.

BACKGROUND: A novel type of acquired partial lipodystrophy resulting from chronic treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs has recently been described. OBJECTIVE: We studied the clinical and histopathologic features of a series of patients with HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy to evaluate the frequency of associated abnormalities. METHODS: The study group consisted of 14 consecutive HIV-infected patients receiving treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors, who experienced partial lipodystrophy. Clinical (including anthropometric data) and histopathologic findings, as well as biochemical and virologic data, were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant loss of fat in the face and extremities was associated with fat deposition on the abdomen, breast, and dorsocervical fat pad. Central obesity was frequently present. Histopathologic features disclosed a peculiar type of involutional lipodystrophy. Hypertriglyceridemia was detected in 78.5% of patients. Low serum levels of cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein and high cholesterol-very-low-density lipoprotein were noted. Hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, or hyperinsulinemia were occasionally detected. CONCLUSION: HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy represents a new entity with peculiar clinical and histopathologic features. Metabolic associated abnormalities may imply a risk of future atherogenic complications.

Two loci on chromosome 5H determine low-temperature tolerance in a 'Nure' (winter) x 'Tremois' (spring) barley map.

Barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) is an economically important diploid model for the Triticeae; and a better understanding of low-temperature tolerance mechanisms could significantly improve the yield of fall-sown cereals. We developed a new resource for genetic analysis of winter hardiness-related traits, the 'Nure' x 'Tremois' linkage map, based on a doubled-haploid population that is segregating for low-temperature tolerance and vernalization requirement. Three measures of low-temperature tolerance and one measure of vernalization requirement were used and, for all traits, QTLs were mapped on chromosome 5H. The vernalization response QTL coincides with previous reports at the Vrn-1/Fr1 region of the Triticeae. We also found coincident QTLs at this position for all measures of low-temperature tolerance. Using Composite Interval Mapping, a second proximal set, of coincident QTLs for low-temperature tolerance, and the accumulation of two different COR proteins (COR14b and TMC-Ap3) was identified. The HvCBF4 locus, or another member of the CBF loci clustered in this region, is the candidate gene underlying this QTL. There is a CRT/DRE recognition site in the promoter of cor14b with which a CBF protein could interact. These results support the hypothesis that highly conserved regulatory factors, such as members of the CBF gene family, may regulate the stress responses of a wide range of plant species.

Antiretroviral treatment simplification with nevirapine in protease inhibitor-experienced patients with hiv-associated lipodystrophy: 1-year prospective follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Simpler and less toxic antiretroviral strategies are needed to maximize treatment compliance without sacrificing potency, at least for drug-experienced HIV-infected patients currently on regimens containing protease inhibitors (PIs). Small nonrandomized studies have suggested a beneficial role of PI-sparing regimens on lipodystrophy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the virologic, immunologic, and clinical benefit of switching the PI to nevirapine in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy and sustained viral suppression before entry in the study. DESIGN: Open-labeled, prospective, randomized, multicenter study. SETTING: Seven reference inpatient centers for HIV/AIDS in Spain. PATIENTS: One hundred six HIV-infected adults with clinically evident lipodystrophy who sustained HIV-RNA suppression for at least 6 months with PI-containing antiretroviral combinations. INTERVENTION: Replacement of the PI with nevirapine during 48 weeks (Group A) versus continuing the prior PI (Group B). MEASUREMENTS: Several virologic and immunologic analyses, standard and specific biochemical tests, and anthropometric and dual X-ray absorptiometry measurements. RESULTS: At week 48, an HIV-1 RNA level <400 copies/ml was maintained in 79% and 77% of patients in Groups A and B, respectively, whereas 74% and 72% of patients had viral load levels <50 copies/ml. Absolute CD4+ counts significantly increased in both groups compared with baseline values, and a significant decrease in CD38+CD8+ cells was observed in Group A (p <.01) but not in group B. Overall, no significant changes in anthropometric or body shape measurements were found after 48 weeks. Fasting total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased in Group A (but not in Group B) compared with baseline values (p <.05), although no significant differences were seen between groups at the end of the study. Subjects in Group A reported a better quality of life (QOL) index than controls (p <.001), with the main reason reported being the greater simplicity of the new drug regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Protease inhibitor-sparing regimens, including nevirapine, seem to be an effective alternative for PI-experienced patients. Nevirapine-based triple therapies allow maintained control of HIV-1 RNA levels and improve the immunologic response at 48 weeks of follow-up in patients with prior sustained virologic suppression. The switch to nevirapine significantly improved the lipidic profile in Group A, although there were no differences between groups at the end of the study. Additionally, no significant changes were seen in terms of lipodystrophy-related body shape changes 1 year after the PI substitution. Finally, nevirapine-containing regimens have a simpler dosing schedule, and this facilitates high adherence and improves QOL.

Varón de 78 años con fiebre y afectación meníngea recurrente / 78 years old male patient with fever and recurrent meningeal involvement

Varón de 78 años, que ingresó en 2 ocasiones por fiebre y afectación meníngea recurrente, en un intervalo de 8 meses, permaneciendo asintomático entre ambos episodios. Las exploraciones complementarias fueron compatibles con meningoencefalitis, con importante alteración de los parámetros inflamatorios sistémicos, y masa suprarrenal sugestiva de mielolipoma en el primer ingreso, y de linfoma suprarrenal en el segundo. Evolución tórpida en el segundo y último ingreso, confirmando el diagnóstico (AU)

78-year-old man who entered twice at an interval of 8 months because of fever and recurrent meningeal involvement and remaining asymptomatic between episodes. Complementary examinations were consistent with meningoencephalitis with systemic inflammatory parameters significantly altered and adrenal mass, suggestive of myelolipoma in the first-admission and adrenal lymphoma in the second. Torpid course in the second and last entry, confirming the diagnosis (AU)

Evaluación biológica de galletas con fibra de cereales como alimento funcional / Evaluation of crackers with cereal fiber as a functional food

El consumo de fibra dietaria se ha asociado con propiedades de alimentos funcionales, es decir, que además de nutrir proveen condiciones que favorecen la salud intestinal, ayudan en la prevención de cáncer colonrectal, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el mantenimiento del peso. En el presente estudio se evalúan las propiedades funcionales de galletas elaboradas con adición de una mezcla de fibra de cereales en un grupo control y un grupo experimental de voluntarios sanos, los cuales consumen 100 gramos diarios de galletas durante 10 días y suministran información diaria acerca de los efectos y la tolerancia digestiva del producto. Se realizan recuentos microbiológicos, cuantificación de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV: acético, propiónico, butírico), determinación de pH en muestras de materia fecal (MF) y perfil lipídico el día 0 y el día 11. Con el consumo de las galletas se encontraron tendencias positivas en los efectos intestinales mecánicos de los voluntarios

Caracterización fisicoquímica y funcional de tres concentrados comerciales de fibra dietaria / Physicalchemical and functional characterizacion of three commercial concentrates from dietary fiber

En Colombia se han realizado pocos estudios sobre la funcionalidad de extractos comerciales de fibra dietaria micropulverizada, lo que motiva a desarrollar un estudio experimental para establecer metodologías adecuadas en su evaluación, para el desarrollo de nuevos productos alimenticios que promuevan efectos fisiológicos benéficos. El presente estudio busca caracterizar dos extractos comerciales de fibra dietaria micropulverizada de trigo (375) y avena (528) y uno de manzana (659). La composición proximal, el contenido de fibra dietaria total (FDT), soluble (FDS) e insoluble (FDI), además de la viscosidad (nu), tamaño de partícula, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA), capacidad de hichamiento (CH), capacidad de adsorción de moléculas orgánicas (CAMO), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y capacidad fermentativa in vitro (CF), presentaron diferencias significativas. Aquellos con mayor contenido de fibra insoluble (375 y 528), muestran valores más bajos de CRA (3.8 y 3.9 g de H2O/g de materia seca MS) y mayores valores de CAMO (11.7 y 10.9 g de aceite/g de MS); la fibra de 375 muestra la mayor CH (7.1 g de H2O/g de MS). En general la CF es baja, lo que se evidencia por la baja cantidad y proporción molar de ácidos grasos acético, popiónico y butírico

La fibra dietaria como alimento funcional / The dietary fiber as a functional food

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el estado actual del conocimiento en lo concerniente a la importancia de la fibra dietaria para el mantenimiento del equilibrio ecológico del colon y del trofismo de los tejidos que constituyen su pared. Se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada en los últimos cinco años sobre la fibra dietaria como alimento funcional. Los autores hacen referencia a las propiedades funcionales de la fibra dietaria y en especial su capacidad fermentativa para conocer los productos de la fermentación y sus beneficios fisiológicos en la salud humana

Ausentismo laboral en el personal médico Hospital Dr. Francisco Moscoso Puello / Work absence of the medical staff at the \"Francisco Moscoso Puello\" Hospital

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia y las causas del ausentismo laboral en 50 médicos escogidos al azar del Hospital Dr. Francisco M. Moscoso Puello durante el período enero-junio de 1996. Encontrándose que un 38// se ausentaban de su trabajo; el 52.6// los hicieron por enfermedad; las mujeres se ausentaron más que los hombres; el 89.5// de los ausentados no se encuentran satisfecho en la labor que desempeñan y el 57.9// señalaron que las condiciones de trabajo eran inadecuadas