Association between handgrip strength and bone mineral density of Brazilian children and adolescents stratified by sex: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: To examine the association of handgrip strength (HGS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample included 243 children and adolescents aged from 4 to 15 years (9.3 ± 2.2 years), 171 males and 72 females. The following measurements were performed: weight, height, trunk length, and years to the peak height velocity (PHV). The percentage lean soft tissue (PLST), percentage fat mass (PFM), and BMD were obtained using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and HGS using a dynamometer. RESULTS: In girls, HGS was positively associated with higher BMD, even after the adjustments, by arms [ß = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [ß = 0.014; p < 0.001], pelvis [ß = 0.019; p < 0.001], trunk [ß = 0.013; p < 0.001], spine [ß = 0.013; p = 0.008], and total body [ß = 0.009; p < 0.001]. The same occurred in the boys, even after the adjustments a positive relationship was observed, whereas higher HGS was related to greater BMD in arms [ß = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [ß = 0.017; p < 0.001], pelvis [ß = 0.014; p < 0.001], trunk [ß = 0.009; p < 0.001], spine [ß = 0.008; p < 0.001], and total body [ß = 0.007; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: HGS was positively associated to BMD in boys and girls, regardless of age, PHV, PLST, and PFM.

The mediating role of physical inactivity on the relationship between inflammation and artery thickness in prepubertal adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between inflammatory markers and the lipid profile, blood flow, and artery structure in prepubertal adolescents stratified according to sports practice. STUDY DESIGN: The sample was composed of 120 adolescents (57 boys and 63 girls) with a mean age of 11.7 ± 0.7 years (ranging from 11 to 13 years). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood flow were measured with ultrasonography. The lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured after the subjects had fasted for 12 hours overnight. Trunk fatness was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Organized sports participation was analyzed as a categorical variable. Biological maturation was determined via the age at peak height velocity. RESULTS: In the adjusted model, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ß = -5.797 [-11.500 to -0.093]), femoral IMT (ß = 0.062 [0.008-0.116]), and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (ß = 1.107 [0.223-1.919]), but only in the group without sports participation. Slopes of the crude linear regression were greater in the group without sports participation for femoral IMT (t = 2.621; P = .009) and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (t = 2.876; P = .004) when compared with the group with sports participation. CONCLUSION: Independent of body fatness and biological maturation, inflammatory status was related to artery IMT and dyslipidemia in prepubertal adolescents, modulated by sport participation.

The association between cardiovascular risk factors and high blood pressure in adolescents: a school-based study.

OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have analyzed the association between cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure in adolescents, few studies conducted in developing countries analyzed whether the aggregation of risk factors contributes to an increased risk of high blood pressure in adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the association between cardiovascular risk factors (including general overweight, abdominal obesity, high consumption of foods rich in fats, and insufficient physical activity levels) and high blood pressure in adolescents. METHODS: This study was carried out from 2007 to 2008 with 1021 adolescents (528 girls) from primary schools located in the city of Londrina- Brazil. Blood pressure was assessed using an oscillometric device. General overweight was obtained through body mass index, abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference, and the consumption of foods rich in fat and physical activity were assessed using a questionnaire. The sum of these risk factors was determined. RESULTS: Adolescents with three or four aggregated risk factors were more likely to have higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with adolescents who did not have any cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.001 for both). Logistic regression indicated that groups of adolescents with 2 (OR= 2.46 [1.11-5.42]; P = 0.026), 3 (OR= 4.97 [2.07-11.92]; P = 0.001) or 4 risk factors (OR= 6.79 [2.24-19.9]; P = 0.001) presented an increased likelihood of high blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The number of cardiovascular risk factors was found to be related to high blood pressure in adolescents.

Body composition variables as predictors of NAFLD by ultrasound in obese children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder associated with excessive fat accumulation, mainly in the intra-abdominal region. A simple technique to estimate abdominal fat in this region could be useful to assess the presence of NAFLD, in obese subjects who are more vulnerable to this disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to verify the reliability of waist circumference and body composition variables to identify the occurrence of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Sample was composed of 145 subjects, aged 11 to 17 years. Assessments of waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TFM) and fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound for diagnosis of NAFLD and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) were used. Correlation between variables was made by Spearman's coefficients; ROC curve parameters (sensitivity, specificity, area under curve) were used to assess the reliability of body composition variables to assess the presence of NAFLD. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between NAFLD and WC (p = 0.001), TFM (p = 0.002) and IAAT (p = 0.001). The higher values of area under the ROC curve were for WC (AUC = 0.720), TFM (AUC = 0.661) and IAAT (AUC = 0.741). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that TFM, IAAT and WC present high potential to identify NAFLD in obese children and adolescents.

Resting heart rate is associated with blood pressure in male children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between resting heart rate and blood pressure in male children and adolescents and to identify if this association is mediated by important confounders. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study carried out with 356 male children and adolescents from 8 to 18 years old. Resting heart rate was measured by a portable heart rate monitor according to recommendations and stratified into quartiles. Blood pressure was measured with an electronic device previously validated for pediatric populations. Body fatness was estimated by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Obese subjects had values of resting heart rate 7.8% higher than nonobese (P = .001). Hypertensive children and adolescents also had elevated values of resting heart rate (P = .001). When the sample was stratified in nonobese and obese, the higher quartile of resting heart rate was associated with hypertension in both groups of children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the existence of a relationship between elevated resting heart rate and increased blood pressure in a pediatric population, independent of adiposity, ethnicity and age.

Dance practice modifies functional fitness, lipid profile, and self-image in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of dance practice on body composition, metabolic profile, functional fitness, and self-image/self-esteem in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 36 postmenopausal participants (mean age 57 years) danced three times per week for 90 minutes each day and were evaluated before and after 16 weeks. The parameters evaluated were body composition (body fat and lean mass), blood lipids, functional fitness, self-image, and self-esteem. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test with P values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Lower triglycerides (baseline = 156.5 ±â€Š17.0 mg/dL; after 16-weeks = 131.5 ±â€Š12.9 mg/dL; P < 0.01), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baseline = 55.4 ±â€Š15.9 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 60.0 ±â€Š15.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001), and higher total cholesterol (baseline = 199.5 ±â€Š26.8 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 211.8 ±â€Š35.7 mg/dL; P < 0.01) levels were observed in postmenopausal women. Dance intervention improved coordination (baseline = 8.6 ±â€Š2.6; after 16 weeks = 6.7 ±â€Š1.6; P < 0.001), agility (baseline = 55.9 ±â€Š8.8; after 16 weeks = 64.1 ±â€Š8.3; P < 0.001), and aerobic capability (baseline = 446.8 ±â€Š63.4; after 16 weeks = 377.4 ±â€Š53.8; P < 0.001). Classification of general function fitness index (GFFI) was considered regular at baseline (GFFI of 200-299), but improved after 16 weeks of dance practice (GFFI of 300-399, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The 16-week dance intervention was effective in improving not only the lipid profile and functional fitness of postmenopausal women, but also self-image and self-esteem.

Impact of home-based aerobic training combined with food orientation on food consumption, daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness among breast cancer survivors: six-month clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Anticancer treatment gives rise to adverse effects such as increased pain and changes to body weight and menstrual cycles, with negative effects on activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of food orientation combined with supervised (face-to-face, FF) versus home-based (HB) aerobic training on lifestyle (food consumption and daily physical activity (PA) levels), body composition, metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, among breast cancer survivors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Clinical trial study (six months) conducted at a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. METHODS: Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (40-75 years old) were allocated to aerobic training groups, either FF or HB. Both groups were trained and received food orientation. They were evaluated through a dietary record, ergometric treadmill test and blood test and the Baecke questionnaire. RESULTS: After six months, both groups had reduced their lipid levels, total energy consumption and polyunsaturated fat intake, and had increased their PA levels and treadmill test durations. However, only the HB showed reduced carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid; and only the FF showed reduced lipid, saturated fat and sodium levels, along with increased carbohydrate and protein levels. No differences in body composition or metabolic profile were found. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the feasibility of HB aerobic training. In isolation, HB showed greater regulation of carbohydrate percentage and increased folic acid levels. Moreover, these breast cancer survivors presented improvements in food consumption, PA levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, while also maintaining their body composition and metabolic profile after the intervention, independent of the group.

COVID-19 pandemic impacts physical activity levels and sedentary time but not sleep quality in young badminton athletes.

PURPOSE: Regular physical activity is a good strategy to maintain the health of athletes, and prevent pain and decreased joint flexibility during the pandemic. On the other hand, higher sedentary time during the pandemic period can have deleterious effects. The objective of this study was to compare physical activity levels, sedentary time, and sleep parameters during the pre-COVID period and the COVID-19 pandemic period in young badminton athletes. METHODS: Fifteen young badminton athletes were evaluated during a pre-COVID period (July 2019) and during the COVID-19 period (July 2020). Sleep parameters, physical activity level, and sedentary time were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Participants wore the accelerometer on their dominant wrist for 7 days consecutively. In addition, the average of each sleep parameter [time in bed and total sleep time in hours per day, sleep efficiency (%), wake after sleep onset (WASO, total per day), and sleep latency (minutes per day)] was reported over the 7-day period. RESULTS: Athletes presented increased sedentary time (pre-COVID = 7.0 ± 1.1 vs.COVID-19 = 8.9 ± 1.9 h/day, p = 0.004, d = 1.30) and significant decreases in the total PA observed in counts per day (pre-COVID = 2,967,064.4 ± 671,544.1 vs. COVID-19 = 1,868,210.2 ± 449,768.4 counts/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.99), time in vigorous PA (pre-COVID = 7.7 ± 0.9 vs. COVID-19 = 6.1 ± 1.2 h/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.56), and time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (pre-COVID = 8.1 ± 0.9 vs. COVID-19 = 6.5 ± 1.3 h/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.48). There were no significant differences for time in light and moderate PA or in sleep parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Young badminton athletes presented increased sedentary time, and decreased total physical activity, time in MVPA, and time in vigorous activities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID period, however, there were no significant differences in sleep parameters.

[Cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat distribution in women with 50 years or more]. / Capacidade cardiorrespiratória e distribuição de gordura corporal de mulheres com 50 anos ou mais.

To verify the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat in women. Evaluations were performed on 229 women with ages ranging between 50 and 84 years. Anthropometric assessment was performed and waist/hip ratio and conicity index values were obtained. The cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by the six minutes walk test and one pedometer was used to evaluate the speed, length, and total number of steps. The results were distributed in quartile, and interquartil comparison was performed by means of analysis of variance with post-hoc test. The relationship between the six minutes walk test and anthropometrics was identified using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results showed that women with cardiorespiratory fitness in the quartile4 were younger than those in quartile1 (p < or = 0.05). The anthropometric variables values were lower (p < or = 0.05) for results in the quartiles3 and 4 compared to those in quartiles1 and 2. In conclusion, women with higher adipose tissue and central fat accumulation presented lower cardiorespiratory fitness.

Study protocol and baseline characteristics of "SCHOOL IN ACTION" program on support to physical activity and healthy lifestyles in adolescents.

Physical activity promotes positive effects on people's health, but most adolescents do not engage in sufficient physical activity to receive the benefits. Studies suggest that school-based interventions can be effective in increasing physical activity in adolescents. However, the literature is inconsistent on the effect size and the type of intervention. This paper presents the design of the SCHOOL IN ACTION program to increase physical activity engagement and healthy eating habits. The cluster randomized controlled trial was performed during a period of six months of intervention and 12 months of follow-up in adolescents from four Brazilian public schools. The theoretical model is based on health promoting schools and the social-ecological and self-determination theory. The action strategies were: improvement of exercises intensity during physical education classes and during lunch breaks; vegetable gardening experience; active breaks in non-physical education classes; counselling health to parents and adolescents and changes in the school environment to promote physical activity and healthy eating. Primary variables were physical activity and sedentary behavior (both assessed by accelerometers). Secondary variables were body composition (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and eating habits (assessed by questionnaire and 3-day food recall). Questionnaires were used to assess other information related to life satisfaction, health behavior and socioeconomic information. Statistical analysis will follow the principles of intention-to-treat and will explore the composition data analysis and mediating factors of lifestyle-related behaviors. We propose that SCHOOL IN ACTION program will be effective to provide evidence to increase physical activity and food healthy habits in adolescents' students. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03153176. TRIAL STATUS: Follow-up and data analysis.

[Risk factors associated with overweight among adolescents from western Sao Paulo state]. / Fatores de risco associados ao excesso de peso entre adolescentes da Região Oeste Paulista.

The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being overweight and family risk factors in adolescents from Western Sao Paulo state. This cross-sectional study involved 1779 adolescents of both genders and with ages ranging between 11 and 17 years. The participants' body mass index was calculated, and the family risk factors were analyzed through a questionnaire. Excessive weight was associated with the male gender (CR = 1.55 [1.22-1.97]), studying in a private school (CR = 2.14 [1.56-2.94]) and mother's higher education (CR = 0.52 [0.33-0.83]). There is a need to implement initiatives to fight obesity in the school environment and reach the whole family structure, taking gender-related specificities into consideration.

[Risk of overweight in adolescents from different socioeconomic levels]. / Riscos para o excesso de peso entre adolescentes de diferentes classes socioeconômicas.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the association between risk factors and presence of overweight in adolescents from different socioeconomic levels. METHODS: A cross-section analysis with 888 youths recruited from both genders with ages ranging from 11 to 17 years was carried out. The body mass index was calculated through body mass and height values, and was used as the overweight indicator. Physical activity, food intake, and socioeconomic levels (high and low) were obtained by questionnaires. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: For adolescents in the lower socioeconomic level, both inadequate food intake (Odds Ratio [OR]= 4.59) and parent overweight (OR= 5.33) were associated to overweight. Among adolescents in the higher socioeconomic level, maternal education (OR= 0.57), study in private school (OR= 3.04), and parent overweight (OR= 3.47) were associated to development of overweight. CONCLUSION: In both socioeconomic levels, parent overweight was an important risk factor associated with overweight. The other risk factors were different among the socioeconomic levels.

Constructing a logical model in school health: experience on the Lower Amazon region.

OBJECTIVE: This experience report presents the construction of the theoretical and logic model for intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating habits of the public schools students in the city of Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil. METHOD: We carried out a theoretical research and also a documentary research on the School Health Program (PSE - Programa Saúde na Escola) on the national and local level, in addition to meetings with the PSE management committee for strategic planning of the actions. RESULT: The municipality had no systematic structure of health practices at school. A theoretical and logical model that involved prerogatives of practice from the management of the municipality in PSE was developed. Actions to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition of primary and secondary school students were planned and promoted in schools of the PSE. Final considerations: Thus, the collective construction of this proposal contributed to the research of multi-sectoral practices related to the PSE principles and strategies, considering the particularities of the Lower Amazon context.

Combined Aerobic and Strength Training Improves Dynamic Stability and can Prevent against Static Stability Decline in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial / O treinamento de força e aeróbio combinado melhora a estabilidade dinâmica e pode prevenir contra o declínio da estabilidade estática em mulheres na pósmenopausa: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective To analyze the effect of combined training (CT) in postural control and gait parameters in postmenopausal women. Methods A parallel-group, randomized, control study was conducted with 16 weeks of combined training (n = 16) versus a non-training control group (n = 12) in postmenopausal women (aged 59.3 ± 8.0). Pre and postintervention assessments included postural control (using an AMTI force platform - Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) and gait impairments (using baropodometry). In addition, the upper limb strength and abdominal tests, as well as aerobic capacity, assessed functional indicators. Results The CT intervention in postmenopausal women resulted in improved gait (stride length (p = 0.006); speed (p = 0.013); double support time (p = 0.045); and improved postural control (displacement area of postural sway in a normal base of support with eyes open (p = 0.006). Combined training increased functional indicators (abdominal - p = 0.031; aerobic capacity - p = 0.002). Conclusion In conclusion, combined aerobic plus strength training effectively improved gait and balance control in older women. The postmenopausal women from the CT group walked faster and with bigger steps after the intervention than the control group. In addition, they presented decreased postural sway in standing and decreased the percentage of double support time while walking, which means improved static and dynamic balance control and functional indicators.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o efeito do treinamento combinado (TC) no controle postural e nos parâmetros da marcha em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo controlado randomizado de grupos paralelos com 16 semanas de treinamento combinado (n = 16) versus um grupo controle sem treinamento (n = 12) em mulheres na pós-menopausa (59,3 ± 8,0 anos). As avaliações pré e pós-intervenção incluíram controle postural (usando a plataforma de força AMTI) e deficiências da marcha (usando baropodometria). Além disso, os testes de força de membros superiors e abdominal, bem como a capacidade aeróbica, avaliaram indicadores funcionais. Resultados A intervenção do TC em mulheres na pós-menopausa resultou em melhora da marcha (comprimento da passada (p = 0,006), velocidade (p = 0,013), tempo de apoio duplo (p = 0,045) e controle postural aprimorado (área de deslocamento da oscilação postural em base de apoio normal com olhos abertos (p = 0,006). O TC aumentou os indicadores funcionais (abdominal - p = 0,031; capacidade aeróbia - p = 0,002). Conclusão Em conclusão, o TC de força e aeróbico melhorou efetivamente o controle da marcha e do equilíbrio em mulheres idosas. As mulheres na pós-menopausa do grupo CT caminharam mais rápido e com passos maiores após a intervenção do que o grupo controle. Além disso, elas apresentaram redução da oscilação postural em pé e do percentual de tempo de apoio duplo durante a caminhada, o que significa melhora no controle do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e dos indicadores funcionais.

Effect of Combined Training on Body Image, Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Patients with Breast Cancer: Controlled Clinical Trial / Efeito do treinamento combinado na imagem corporal, composição corporal e capacidade funcional em pacientes com câncer de mama: ensaio clínico controlado

Abstract Objective Evaluate the effect of combined training on body image (BI), body composition and functional capacity in patients with breast cancer. As also the relationship of BI with body composition and functional capacity. Methods This was a Controlled Clinical Trial study, this study including 26 patients with breast cancer (30 to 59 years). The training group (n = 13) underwent 12 weeks of training, including three 60-min sessions of aerobic exercise and resistance training, and two sessions of flexibility training per week; each flexibility exercise lasted 20s. The Control Group (n = 13) received only the standard hospital treatment. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. BI (primary outcomes) was assessed using the Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire; Body composition was estimated with the indicators: Body mass index; Weight, Waist hip Ratio; Waist height ratio; Conicity index; Reciprocal ponderal index; Percentage of fat; Circumference of the abdomen and waist; Functional capacity by cardiorespiratory fitness (cycle ergometer) and strength (manual dynamometer). The statistic was performed in the Biostatistics and Stata 14.0 (α = 5%). Results The patients in the training group showed a reduction in the limitation dimension (p = 0.036) on BI, However, an increase in waist circumference was observed in both groups. In addition an increase in VO2max (p < 0.001) and strength in the right (p = 0.005) and left arms (p = 0.033). Conclusion Combined training demonstrates to be an effective and non-pharmacological strategy to patients with breast cancer, with improvement on BI and functional capacity, changing related variables negatively when there is no physical training.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do treinamento combinado na imagem corporal (IB), composição corporal e capacidade funcional em pacientes com câncer de mama. Assim como a relação do IB com a composição corporal e capacidade funcional. Métodos Este foi um estudo de Ensaio Clínico Controlado, este estudo incluiu 26 pacientes com câncer de mama (30 a 59 anos). O grupo de treinamento (n = 13) foi submetido a 12 semanas de treinamento, incluindo três sessões de 60 min de exercício aeróbio e treinamento de resistência, e duas sessões de treinamento de flexibilidade por semana; cada exercício de flexibilidade durou 20s. O Grupo Controle (n = 13) recebeu apenas o tratamento hospitalar padrão. Os participantes foram avaliados no início e após 12 semanas. O IB (desfechos primários) foi avaliado por meio do Body Image After Breast Cancer Questionnaire; A composição corporal foi estimada com os indicadores: índice de massa corporal; Peso, relação cintura-quadril; Relação da altura da cintura; Índice de conicidade; Índice ponderal recíproco; Porcentagem de gordura; Circunferência do abdômen e cintura; Capacidade funcional por aptidão cardiorrespiratória (cicloergômetro) e força (dinamômetro manual). A estatística foi realizada na Bioestatística e no Stata 14.0 (α = 5%). Resultados Os pacientes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução da dimensão da limitação (p = 0,036) no IB, porém, foi observado aumento da circunferência da cintura em ambos os grupos. Além disso, um aumento do VO2máx (p <0,001) e da força nos braços direito (p = 0,005) e esquerdo (p = 0,033). Conclusão O treinamento combinado demonstra ser uma estratégia eficaz e não farmacológica para pacientes com câncer de mama, com melhora do IB e da capacidade funcional, alterando variáveis relacionadas negativamente quando não há treinamento físico.

[Accuracy of different body mass index cutoffs to predict excessive body fat and abdominal obesity in adolescents]. / Desempenho de diferentes valores críticos de índice de massa corporal na identificação de excesso de gordura corporal e obesidade abdominal em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the agreement and accuracy of three body mass index cutoffs in the identification of excessive body fat and abdominal obesity in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out for which 807 adolescents of both sexes (11 to 17 years old) were recruited and their body mass, stature, waist circumference and body fat percentage measured. The ROC evaluated the accuracy of the body mass index cutoffs. RESULTS: The cutoffs analyzed showed a moderate level of agreement in the indication of abdominal obesity (0.54 to 0.66), and high rates of sensitivity (77.4% to 92.8%) and specificity (75.6% to 91.6%) for indication of the nutritional status. Cutoff of Brazilians was more sensitive in the indication of associated excessive body fat and abdominal obesity (97.8%). CONCLUSION: All cutoffs analyzed showed similar accuracy in the indication of nutritional status and abdominal obesity, however, the cutoff of Brazilians was more sensitive in the identification of obese individuals with high cardiovascular risk.

Factors Associated With Levels of Physical Activity in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: The Role of Dialysis Versus Nondialysis Day.

BACKGROUND: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) report lower physical activity (PA) levels. We analyzed factors associated with low levels of PA in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and compared PA on HD day and non-HD. METHODS: 79 patients wore an accelerometer and were classified according to time spent on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Demographic data, BMI, comorbidities, clinical status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were checked for association with PA. In addition, PA level was compared between days of HD and non-HD. RESULTS: Accelerometer compliance was 78.5% [33 men and 29 women (53.96 ± 15.71 yrs) were included in analysis]. 35.5% of sample achieved ≥150min/week on MVPA. Lower MVPA was associated with older age (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.11 to 30.19, P = .04), and lower score of physical function HRQoL (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.23 to 15.23, P = .02). In addition, patients spent 9.73% more time on sedentary behavior, 38.9% less on light PA and 74.9% less on MVPA on HD day versus non-HD day. CONCLUSION: Age and physical function HRQoL were the main factors associated to lower PA levels. In addition, lower time spent on PA during HD day suggest that strategies for increasing physical activity levels during HD day such exercising during HD session could help CKD patients to reach current PA recommendations.

Is body perception associated with specific adaptations to static and dynamic tasks? / ¿Está la percepción del cuerpo asociada con adaptaciones específicas a tareas estáticas y dinâmicas? / A percepção corporal está associada a adaptações específicas a tarefas estáticas e dinâmicas?

Este estudio examinó a las mujeres universitarias en busca de asociaciones entre el perfil somatotipo, la percepción corporalde su propio cuerpo y la percepción del cuerpo de otras mujeres, evaluadas a través de tareas dinámicas y estáticas. Participaron 142 estudiantes universitarios (21.81 ± 3.014 años), evaluados para el índice de masa corporal y el somatotipo por los protocolos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y Heath-Carter, respectivamente. La percepción de la imagen estática se evaluó mediante la Escala Brasileña de Clasificación de Figuras Fotográficas (BPFRS) y la percepción dinámica de la imagen, mediante la tareapsicofísica Estimación de categoría. Este último se llevó a cabo en dos contextos: percepción del cuerpo mismo y percepción de los cuerpos de cuatro modelos desconocidos. La prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis se realizó para el análisis de varianza. Los valores de percepción de imagen dinámica y estática se emparejaron a cero(precisión perceptiva total) y se analizaron mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney para determinar la tendencia perceptiva. La correlación de Spearman se realizó para detectar asociaciones entre variables. La asociación entre variables categóricas (tareas estáticas y dinámicas) se realizó mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Se encontró que el perfil del somatotipo no está asociado con la autopercepción estática y dinámica de la imagen corporal o con la percepción de imágenes corporales desconocidas. Aun así, mirar la imagen estática en sí no está asociado con la observación en movimiento, lo que indica que estos procesos de percepción son diferentes e independientes.Palabras clave: imagen corporal; percepción del tamaño del cuerpo; autopercepción del cuerpo; somatotipo. (AU)

This study examined university women for associations between somatotype profile and body self-perception, and perception of other women’s bodies, in dynamic and static tasks. The sample comprised 142 female undergraduate students (21.81 ± 3.014 years) assessed for body mass index and somatotype by World Health Organization and Heath-Carter protocols, respectively. Perception of static image was evaluated using the Brazilian Photographic Figure Rating Scale (BPFRS), and dynamic image perception, by the Category Estimation psychophysical task. The latter was performed in two regards: body self-image and images of four unknown models’ bodies. We performed the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test for analysis of variance. Dynamic and static image perception valueswere paired to zero (total accuracy) and analyzed by Mann-Whitney test for perceptual tendency. Spearman correlation was performed to detect associations between variables. Association between categorical variables (static and dynamic tasks) was by Chi-Square test. Somatotypical profile was found not to be associated with static and dynamic body image self-perception or with perception of unknown body images. Furthermore, looking at one’s static image is not associated with watching oneself in movement, indicating that these perceptual processes are different and independent of body shape. (AU)

Este estudo examinou mulheres universitárias em busca de associações entre o perfilsomatotípico, a percepção corporal do próprio corpo e percepção do corpo de outras mulheres, avaliadas por meio de tarefas dinâmicas e estáticas. Participaram 142 estudantes de graduação (21,81 ± 3,014 anos) avaliadas quanto ao índice de massa corporal e somatotipo pelos protocolos da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da Heath-Carter, respectivamente. A percepção da imagem estática foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Classificação de Figuras Fotográficas (BPFRS) e percepção dinâmica da imagem, pela tarefa psicofísica Estimação de Categoria. Este último foi realizado em dois contextos: percepção do próprio corpo e percepção dos corpos de quatro modelos desconhecidas. Foi realizado o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para análise de variância. Osvalores de percepção de imagem dinâmica e estática foram pareados a zero (acurácia percetiva total) e analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney quanto à tendência perceptiva. A correlação de Spearman foi realizada para detectar associações entre variáveis. A associação entre variáveis categóricas (tarefas estáticas e dinâmicas) foi realizada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. Verificou-se que o perfil somatotípico não está associado à autopercepção estática e dinâmica da imagem corporal ou à percepção de imagens corporais desconhecidas. Ainda, olhar a própria imagem estática não está associado a se observar em movimento, indicando que esses processos perceptivos são diferentes e independentes. (AU)

Effect of concurrent training (aerobic+resistance) more static stretching on flexibility in women with breast cancer / Efeito do treinamento concorrente (aeróbio + resistência) mais alongamento estático na flexibilidade em mulheres com câncer de mama

Objective. was to assess flexibility in women with breast cancer who underwent concurrent training (aerobic+resistance) (CT) more static stretching. Methods. This was a controlled pilot study, with 31 women (age 30 to 59) under breast cancer treatment, 14 women were allocated to a training group (TG) who underwent CT more static stretching, concomitant to hospital treatment and 17 women for the control group (CG) who only underwent hospital treatment. The CT more static stretching was performed in 12 weeks with 5 sessions per week, three sessions (aerobic+resistance) and two sessions (stretching exercises) on alternate days. The flexibility of the shoulder was measured by means of the 360º Sanny pendulum goniometer and the flexibility of the lower limbs was assessed through the sit-and-reach test. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA Test and Bonferroni Post-hoc using SPSS 21 software, with α of 5%. Results. The TG presented increased flexibility in the horizontal abduction of the right shoulder (p=0.001) and in the lower limbs (p<0.001), but the CG showed a reduction in the horizontal abduction of the right shoulder (p=0.003). The effect size for horizontal abduction of the right shoulder was medium (p=0.508) and for the lower limbs was large (p=0.839). Conclusion. CT more static stretching may be a therapeutic intervention to increase flexibility of upper and lower limbs in women with breast cancer. (AU)

Objetivo. Avaliar a flexibilidade em mulheres com câncer de mama que realizaram treinamento concorrente (aeróbio + resistência) (TC) mais alongamento estático. Métodos. Este foi um estudo piloto controlado, com 31 mulheres (de 30 a 59 anos) em tratamento para câncer de mama, 14 mulheres foram alocadas em um grupo de treinamento (GT) que realizaram TC mais alongamento estático, concomitante a tratamento hospitalar e 17 mulheres para o grupo de controle (GC) que somente realizaram tratamento hospitalar. O TC mais alongamento estático foram realizados em 12 semanas com 5 sessões semanais, três sessões (aeróbia + resistência) e duas sessões (exercícios de alongamento) em dias alternados. A flexibilidade do ombro foi medida por meio do goniômetro de pêndulo 360º Sanny e a flexibilidade de membros inferiores foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar. Os dados foram analisados usando o Teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas e Post-hoc de Bonferroni no software SPSS 21, com α de 5%. Resultados. O GT apresentou aumento da flexibilidade na abdução horizontal do ombro direito (p=0,001) e nos membros inferiores (p<0,001), mas o GC apresentou redução da abdução horizontal do ombro direito (p=0,003). O tamanho do efeito para abdução horizontal do ombro direito foi médio (p=0,508) e para membros inferiores foi grande (p=0,839). Conclusão. O TC mais alongamento estático podem ser uma intervenção terapêutica para aumentar a flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores em mulheres com câncer de mama. (AU)

Osteoarticular diseases and physical performance of Brazilians over 80 years old.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physical performance of Brazilian individuals older than 80 years with and without OD. METHODS: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (aged > 80 years) of both gender. Identification of osteopenia/osteoporosis was verified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and the presence of others osteoarticular diseases (OD) was obtained using a questionnaire of morbidities. Physical performance was analyzed by motor tests. RESULTS: Men presented higher proportion of osteopenia/osteoporosis compared to women (p = 0.013). The proportion of older people with arthritis/osteoarthritis for women and men was 33% and 26%, respectively, and with OD in the spine was 19% and 12%, respectively. No significant difference for physical performance, measured by each test and overall score, was observed between groups of OD. According to gender, male with OD presented lower performance in gait speed, balance and overall score (p < 0.05), while older people with osteopenia/osteoporosis are at higher risk for low physical performance (OR 2.73; CI 95% 1.31-5.66). CONCLUSION: In conclusion it was verified in older people with age of 80 years or more, a high prevalence of OD, especially in men, and the presence of these diseases interfered negatively their physical performance.