[The dysplasia of myelopoiesis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leucosis].

Nowadays, the analysis of hematopoiesis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leucosis includes only quantitative characteristics of residue myeloid process of bone marrow. The evaluation of myelodysplasia is unexplored still. The analysis of myelopoiesis was carried on sampling of 108 patients with primary acute lymphoblastic leucosis (27 - T-acute lymphohlastic leucosis, 81 - B-acute Iymphoblastic leucosis). The characteristics of dysplasia of granulocytes, erythroid cells and megakaryocytes were based on the parameters of WHO classification of acute myeloid leucosis (2001). The monolinear dysplasia was established in 35 patients (32.4%). multilinear dysplasia--in 9 patients (8.3%). Under T- acute lymphoblastic leucosis the bilinear dysplasia was detected reliably more often and absence of dysplasia more rare than under B-acute lymphoblastic leucosis. The signs of dysplasia of various myeloid lines had no inter-correlation and had no dependencies from indicators of expression of early antigens (CCD34 and TdT) and myeloid antigens (CD13, CD33). The comparison of factual data with indicators of dysplasia under acute mteloid leucosis (181 patients) demonstrated that rates of uni- and multilinear dysplasia under T-acute Iymphoblastic leucosis and acute myeloid leucosis have no significant difference. The myelodysplasia is detected reliably (more often under B-acute lymphoblastic leucosis as compared with acute myeloid leucosis.

[Current diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (2008 WHO classification)].

The paper discusses the new 2008 WHO classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and compares it with its previous 2001 edition. The introduction of the last version of the WHO classification into clinical practice has been due to new molecular biological and histological evidence in patients with MPN. The classification contains substantial alterations made in a number of nosological entities and the new diagnostic marker for MPN - JAK2 gene mutation being proposed. Mastocytosis-specific c-KIT anomaly is identified. A new form of hematopoietic system tumors, such as myeloid and lymphoid neoplasias with eosinophilia and mutations of the PDGFR A and B and FGFR1 genes, is singled out and characterized. New differential diagnostic parameters of a histological study of bone marrow trepans in MPN are proposed.

[Diagnostic value of study of bone marrow trepanobiopsy imprints in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

Bone marrow (BM) trepanobiopsy imprints were studied in 85 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and they were compared with aspirates. All the patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the presence (n=17) and absence (n=65) of BM lesion established on the basis of the data of histological and immunohistochemical studies of trepanobiopsy specimens. The trepanobiopsy imprints allow one to more clearly evaluate BM cellularity and to determine peripheral blood dilution. The composition of myelograms in the imprints was similar to that of aspirates. Histologically verified BM lesion was observed in the imprints of 16 patients and less frequently in the aspirates of 14 patients. Studies of trepanobiopsy imprints present a means of reading the myelogram and reveal BM lesion more rapidly than a histological finding is obtained.

A new specific chromosomal rearrangement, t(11;20)(p15;q11), in myeloblastic leukemia with maturation.

The translocation t(11;20)(p15;q11) was found as the sole acquired clonal chromosome abnormality in two patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The bone marrow morphology in both cases corresponded to the M2 subtype of the French-American-British (FAB) classification. None of the patients achieved complete remission, and both died less than 6 months after diagnosis. This particular translocation has not previously been reported in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Increased karyotype precision using fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping in patients with myeloid malignancies.

We studied seven patients with various malignant hematologic disorders using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and one of these patients with spectral karyotyping (SKY). With appropriate probes, the t(8;21) and inv(16) were confirmed in two patients and the karyotypic precision was increased in five others using FISH and SKY. Two of three patients with 12p rearrangements had a deletion of one TEL allele. Thus, these newer techniques are an important adjunct to accurate chromosome analysis in malignancy.

Translocation (2;3)(p13;q26) in two cases of myeloid malignancies. Acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) and blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Two cases of myeloid leukemias (acute [AML M2] and chronic [CMC]), blastic crisis, with identical t(2;3)(p13;q26) are described. These cases had some peculiarities: no significant decrease of blood thrombocyte count in the AML patient and high increase of blood thrombocyte count during blastic phase in the CML patient; dysplastic megakaryocytes in bone marrow and unfavorable course of the disease; and short remission (3 months) in AML and short chronic phase (8 months) in CML. Clinical and morphologic findings in patients with t(2;3)(p13;q26) resembled those in cases with 3q21q26 syndrome or with other chromosome rearrangements involving 3q21 or 3q26.

Assessing plant response to ambient ozone: growth of ozone-sensitive loblolly pine seedlings treated with ethylenediurea or sodium erythorbate.

One-year-old seedlings from an ozone-sensitive half-sib family of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were transplanted into replicated plots in blocks in a large forest clearing near Nacogdoches, Texas. Seedlings were either non-treated (controls) or treated bi-weekly with foliar sprays of ethylenediurea (EDU), at 150, 300 or 450 ppm or sodium erythorbate (NaE), at 515, 1030, or 1545 ppm, for three growing seasons. Results from the final third year harvest indicated that both EDU and NaE increased all growth parameters, with significant differences only for EDU at 450 ppm. Both EDU and NaE would be useful for long-term studies on assessing the effects of ambient ozone on established native plants.

Assessing plant response to ambient ozone: growth of young apple trees in open-top chambers and corresponding ambient air plots.

Open-top chambers (OTCs) and corresponding ambient air plots (AA) were used to assess the impact of ambient ozone on growth of newly planted apple trees at the Montague Field research center in Amherst, MA. Two-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh 'Rogers Red McIntosh') were planted in the ground in circular plots. Four of the plots were enclosed with OTCs where incoming air was charcoal-filtered (CF); four were enclosed with OTCs where incoming air was not charcoal-filtered (NF) and four were not enclosed, allowing access to ambient air conditions (AA). Conditions in both CF and NF OTCs resulted in increased tree growth and changed incidence of disease and arthropod pests, compared to trees in AA. As a result, we were not able to use the OTC method to assess the impact of ambient ozone on growth of young apple trees in Amherst, MA.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the blast cells in acute myelomonoblastic leukemia]. / Morfofunktsional'nye osobennosti blastnykh kletok pri ostrom mielomonoblastnom leikoze.

Morphocytochemical and immunological characteristics and indices of the cloning effectiveness were studied in agar cultures. Three types of leukemic cells were found whose ratio in the bone marrow varied in a rather wide range. The lymphoid markers (of cOLL and T-antigens) were detected on blast cells. It is established that histogenetic characteristics of the blast cells determines peculiarities of their growth in the agar culture.

[Phenotype of blast cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. / Fenotip blastnykh kletok pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze.

The complex morphocytochemical, immunological and cytogenetic investigation of the blast cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed their considerable heterogeneity. There were several kinds of cells: typical blast cells, Ph'-positive blast cells expressing only Ia-like antigen and anaplastic blast cells with myeloid and erythroid differentiation.

[Block of NK cell activity by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies]. / Blokada EK-kletochnoi aktivnosti monoklonal'nymi antitelami IKO-11.

Antigen expression determined by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies was studied on leukemia cells from bone marrow, blood cells from patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and natural killer (NK) cells responsible for natural resistance. ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies were shown to recognize the antigen expressed on NK-cells, predecessors of T-cells (thymocytes), myelomonocytes (myeloblasts, monoblasts) and to block NK-cell activity.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum. An unusual cause of a sore throat.

Sore throat, usually related to pharyngitis, is a common presenting symptom in the primary care setting. Drs Frenkel and Lyons describe a case showing that physicians need to be aware of another, puzzling cause--spontaneous pneumo-mediastinum.

[The current diagnosis of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias]. / Sovremennaia diagnostika ostrykh nelimfoblastnykh leikozov.

The paper presents the results of the retrospective study of blast cells from 377 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Morphocytochemical, immunological, cytogenetic assessments and cloning in semisolid agar were employed. The authors specify blast characteristics with reference to ANLL variants according to the FAB classification, define diagnostic criteria for poorly differentiated myeloblastic (MO), erythroblastic (M6) and megakaryoblastic (M7) leukemia, hybrid variants.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of blasts in lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika blastov pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze i limfoblastnoi limfosarkome.

The authors investigated morphocytochemical and immunological indices of blast cells of 81 patients with acute leukemia and 70 patients with lymphosarcoma at the stage of leukemization. Blast cells in acute leukemia were shown to have the phenotype of early hemopoietic precursors whereas in lymphosarcoma blasts were more differentiated. Morphologically in leukemia blasts were characterized by homogeneity, and in lymphosarcoma by considerable polymorphism and a higher mitotic activity.

[Late results of the treatment of acute granulocytic leukemia in adults]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty terapii ostrykh granulotsitarnykh leikozov vzroslykh.

Eighteen patients with acute granulocytic leukemia (MI-1, M2-10, M3-1 and M4-6) underwent AdOAP treatment. Complete remissions were achieved in 10 out of the 18 patients (55.6%), 3 patients proved resistant, 5 had died prior to recovery of normal hemopoiesis. Three lethal cases are attributed to the results of the therapy complications. Median duration of complete remissions reached 17.5 months. Two patients have been in remission over 3 years. Reduced duration or intensity of the induction therapy failed to diminish frequency of lethal complications due to progressive cytopenia.

[Megakaryocytic dysplasia in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias]. / Displaziia megakariotsitov pri ostrykh nelimfoblastnykh leikozakh.

Megakaryocytic dysplasia, platelet and megakaryocytic counts were measured in 87 ANLL patients. High megakaryocytic levels were registered in 16.1%, normal in 17.2%, low or negligible in the rest of the examinees. Half of the patients had dysplasia. Thrombocytopenia present in 93% of cases attested to ineffective proliferation of megakaryocytes. Increased number of megakaryocytes with signs of dysplasia occurred more commonly in M0- and M4- variants of ANLL universally in anomalies of chromosome 3 long arm with involvement of q21 and/or q26 segments and occasionally in combination with other chromosome disorders. Megakaryocytosis developed less frequently in patients with ANLL variant M2 with t (8;21) and did not correlate with granulocyte and erythroid cell dysplasia. Pronounced megakaryocytosis in combination with thrombocytosis emerged in 4 patients: 2 of them had typical anomalies of chromosome 3--inv3(q21q26) and dup (3q21q26), 1 had monosomy 7 and 1 normal karyotype. Potential mechanisms responsible for dysplasia of megakaryocytes in ANLL are considered.

[Hairy-cell leukemia (a review of the literature and the authors' own data)]. / Volosatokletochnyi leikoz (obzor literatury i sobstvennye dannye).

Gene engineering interferon made in Russia (reaferon, realdiron) was given to 40 patients with hairy-cell leukemia. Complete and partial remissions were achieved in 56% and 28% of the patients, respectively. Minimum effect was reported in 3% of the cases. In 5 cases with primary resistance or recurrences the authors used pentostatin which produced complete remissions in all the five patients.

[Acute plasmablastic leukemia in multiple myeloma]. / Ostryi plazmoblastnyi leikoz pri mielomnoi bolezni.

Five cases of acute plasmablastic leukemia (APL) in patients with a history of multiple myeloma (MM) are described. MM lasted from 3 months to 7 years. During APL, blast metaplasia in the bone marrow was detected in all the cases while in 3 patients it was found in the blood. The treatment ended in failure in 4 patients. The duration of APL in those patients did not exceed 6 months. In one of the patients, the duration of APL, in the presence of a partial remission, exceeded 19 months. The patient remains under observation.

[Immunologic phenotype of blast cells in the diagnosis of myeloblastic leukemias]. / Immunologicheskii fenotip blastnykh kletok v diagnostike ostrykh mieloidnykh leikozov.

A study was made of immunologic cell markers in 32 patients with acute myeloid leukemia by indirect immunofluorescence with the aid of xenogeneic antisera and monoclonal antibodies obtained by the authors. Ia-like antigen demonstrated by monoclonal antisera IKO-I expressed in myeloblastic leukemia with maturation in myelomonoblastic leukemia and in all patients with monoblastic leukemia. Antigen of EK-cells demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies IKO-II was found in 10 out of 18 patients. The number of antigen positive cells correlated with the number of monoblasts. One out of 22 patients showed 19% of cells which express with OLL antigen. In 2 out of 18 cases, the blast cells carried T-cell antigens. A remission was attained in 1 out of these 2 patients treated similarly to patients with OLL.

[Criteria for differentiated approaches to the therapy of lymphoblastic leukemia in adults]. / Kriterii differentsirovannykh podkhodov k terapii ostrykh limfoblastnykh leikozov vzroslykh.

The results of programmed therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 31 adult patients were analyzed. Ph-positive ALL were marked in 5 patients. Low hemosuppressive induction, heavy consolidation and multidrug maintenance therapy was used. Complete remissions were obtained in 18 patients, their median time was 18 months (from 2 to 46 months). The patients were divided into groups with a good, intermediate and poor prognosis on the basis of an immunological ALL variant, the presence or absence of basal hyperleucocytosis and Ph-chromosome. Data on adequate therapy for each group were presented.