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1.
Ultrasound Med Biol ; 46(11): 3135-3144, 2020 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873445

ABSTRACT

Temperature estimation is a fundamental step in assessment of the efficacy of thermal therapy. A thermochromic material sensitive within the temperature range 52.5°C-75°C has been developed. The material is based on polyvinyl alcohol cryogel with the addition of a commercial thermochromic ink. It is simple to manufacture, low cost, non-toxic and versatile. The thermal response of the material was evaluated using multiple methods, including immersion in a temperature-controlled water bath, a temperature-controlled heated needle and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sonication. Changes in colour were evaluated using both RGB (red, green, blue) maps and pixel intensities. Acoustic and thermal properties of the material were measured. Thermo-acoustic simulations were run with an open-source software, and results were compared with the HIFU experiments, showing good agreement. The material has good potential for the development of ultrasound therapy phantoms.


Subject(s)
Materials Testing , Phantoms, Imaging , Polyvinyl Alcohol , Ultrasonic Therapy , Color , Hot Temperature
2.
Matronas prof ; 23(Supl. 1): 76-84, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-212519

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el importante papel que la matrona tuvo en la puesta en marcha y evolución posterior del Seguro de Maternidad durante la Segunda República y que ha sido ignorado por otros estudios.Metodología: Investigación histórica que emplea como fuentes primarias toda la documentación producida por el Instituto Nacional de Previsión, así como la obtenida en diferentes archivos nacionales.Resultados: El Seguro de Maternidad confirió gran protagonismo a la matrona en el seguimiento del embarazo y la atención al parto y al posparto de las mujeres trabajadoras. Al menos 2.223 matronas colaboraron con el Seguro durante los 9 primeros trimestres de funcionamiento de éste.Conclusiones: El Seguro de Maternidad no se limitó a la mejora de la salud materna mediante el control del embarazo y la asistencia profesional al parto y al posparto, sino que también se ocupó de las enfermedades del bebé durante los 6 primeros meses de vida. Su puesta en marcha supuso una importante fuente de oportunidades de trabajo y de ingresos para las matronas durante la Segunda República. También influyó en la progresiva institucionalización del parto que tuvo lugar durante el siglo xx. Esta integración en estructuras hospitalarias, fuertemente jerarquizadas, contribuyó a la progresiva subordinación de la matrona a la figura del médico en la atención al parto normal. (AU)


The aim of this report is to examine the important role played by midwives in the beginning and subsequent evolution of Maternity Insurance during the Spanish Second Republic that has been forgotten by other studies.Methodology: Historical research which uses primary sources such as all of the documentation produced by the Instituto Nacional de Previsión and other files obtained from various national archives.Results: Maternity Insurance granted a prominent role to midwives in prenatal care, delivery care and postnatal care of women workers. It’s estimated that at least 2,223 midwives collaborated with the Insurance program during the first 9 trimesters of its functioning.Conclusions: Maternity Insurance wasn’t limited to the improvement of the mothers’ health by monitoring them throughout pregnancy and by providing professional attendance at birth and postpartum care, but it also provided newborn care for the infants’ first 6 months of life. The beginning of the program opened up an important source of work opportunities and an increase of wages for midwives during the Second Republic. It also influenced in the progressive institutionalization of childbirth during the 20th century. The integration in the hospital structure, which was strongly hierarchic, contributed to the progressive sub- ordination of the midwife under the doctor during normal birth. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Midwifery/history , Insurance, Health/history , Insurance, Hospitalization/history , Delivery, Obstetric , Maternal-Child Health Services , Women's Rights/trends
3.
Asclepio ; 63(2): 405-30, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22371988

ABSTRACT

The aragonese naturalist Odón de Buen y del Cos for twenty-two annual academic courses professor of natural history at the University of Barcelona and for twenty-three of the University of Madrid. Strong supporter of Darwin's evolutionary theory, experimental work in the field and laboratory, in this paper puts the value of their efforts, as an educator, to popularize the natural sciences and thus separated from the concerns, superstition and fanaticism, which they were basic reasons of the moral and material backwardness in which Spain was found.


Subject(s)
Evolution, Molecular , Faculty , Natural History , Superstitions , Universities , Faculty/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Laboratory Personnel/education , Laboratory Personnel/history , Natural History/education , Natural History/history , Natural Science Disciplines/education , Natural Science Disciplines/history , Research/education , Research/history , Spain/ethnology , Superstitions/history , Superstitions/psychology , Universities/history
4.
Asclepio ; 68(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-158656

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las consecuencias más graves que tuvo la Guerra Civil Española de 1936 sobre el colectivo profesional de las matronas, exclusivamente femenino en esos momentos. A pesar de las dificultades que supone filiar y cuantificar las víctimas mortales de este conflicto bélico, se han identificado a varias matronas que fueron asesinadas durante la contienda por ambos bandos, debido a su afiliación política. Por otro lado, dada la independencia profesional y la relevancia social que estas profesionales sanitarias habían adquirido durante la Segunda República, se puede observar una represión claramente diferenciada, comparándola con la sufrida por otros colectivos femeninos, en la España franquista de la postguerra. Para ello se ha condensado parte de la abundante documentación localizada en diferentes archivos. Se recogen los cargos de los que fueron acusadas, las condenas que les fueron impuestas y los datos obtenidos de su paso por las cárceles franquistas y hasta su puesta en libertad (AU)


The objective of this work is to examine the serious consequences the Spanish Civil War of 1936 had on the professional midwifery collective, exclusively made up of women in these historic times. In spite of the difficulties faced upon identifying and quantifying the mortal victims of this conflict, various midwives were murdered during the battle by both sides due to their political believes. On the other hand, given the professional independence and the social relevance that these healthcare professionals had acquired during the Spanish Second Republic, a clearly different repression can be seen when we compare it to the suffering experienced by other female collectives in Franco’s postwar Spain. For this, part of the abundant documentation found in different archives has been condensed. A table reflecting the changes of which they were accused, the sentences which were imposed and the data obtained from their time spent in francoistic prisons until they were set free was created (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 19th Century , Civil Conflicts , Midwifery/history , Midwifery/legislation & jurisprudence , Repression, Psychology , Gender and Health , Sexism/history , Gender Identity , Violence Against Women , Prisoners/history , Spain
5.
Matronas prof ; 15(3): 76-84, jul.-sept. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-130265

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el importante papel que la matrona tuvo en la puesta en marcha y evolución posterior del Seguro de Maternidad durante la Segunda República y que ha sido ignorado por otros estudios. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación histórica que emplea como fuentes primarias toda la documentación producida por el Instituto Nacional de Previsión, así como la obtenida en diferentes archivos nacionales. RESULTADOS: El Seguro de Maternidad confirió gran protagonismo a la matrona en el seguimiento del embarazo y la atención al parto y al posparto de las mujeres trabajadoras. Al menos 2.223 matronas colaboraron con el Seguro durante los 9 primeros trimestres de funcionamiento de éste. CONCLUSIONES: El Seguro de Maternidad no se limitó a la mejora de la salud materna mediante el control del embarazo y la asistencia profesional al parto y al posparto, sino que también se ocupó de las enfermedades del bebé durante los 6 primeros meses de vida. Su puesta en marcha supuso una importante fuente de oportunidades de trabajo y de ingresos para las matronas durante la Segunda República. También influyó en la progresiva institucionalización del parto que tuvo lugar durante el siglo XX. Esta integración en estructuras hospitalarias, fuertemente jerarquizadas, contribuyó a la progresiva subordinación de la matrona a la figura del médico en la atención al parto normal


The aim of this report is to examine the important role played by midwives in the beginning and subsequent evolution of Maternity Insurance during the Spanish Second Republic that has been forgotten by other studies. METHODOLOGY: Historical research which uses primary sources such as all of the documentation produced by the Instituto Nacional de Prevision and other files obtained from various national archives. RESULTS: Maternity Insurance granted a prominent role to midwives in prenatal care, delivery care and postnatal care of women workers. It's estimated that at least 2,223 midwives collaborated with the Insurance program during the first 9 trimesters of its functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Maternity Insurance wasn't limited to the improvement of the mothers' health by monitoring them throughout pregnancy and by providing professional attendance at birth and postpartum care, but it also provided newborn care for the infants' first 6 months of life. The beginning of the program opened up an important source of work opportunities and an increase of wages for midwives during the Second Republic. It also influenced in the progressive institutionalization of childbirth during the 20th century. The integration in the hospital structure, which was strongly hierarchic, contributed to the progressive subordination of the midwife under the doctor during normal birth


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Midwifery/history , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Insurance, Health/history , Insurance, Hospitalization/history , Women's Rights/trends , Maternal-Child Health Services
6.
Asclepio ; 63(2): 405-430, jul.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-96175

ABSTRACT

El naturalista aragonés Odón de Buen y del Cos fue durante veintidós cursos académicos catedrático de Historia Natural en la Universidad en Barcelona y durante veintitrés de la Universidad de Madrid. Firme defensor de la teoría evolucionista de Darwin, del trabajo experimental en el campoy en el laboratorio, en este artículo se ponen en valor sus esfuerzos, como docente, para popularizarlas ciencias positivas y, así, separarlas de las preocupaciones, de la superstición y del fanatismo, que eran causas primordiales del atraso moral y material en que se encontraban en España (AU)


The aragonese naturalist Odón de Buen y del Cos for twenty-two annual academic courses professorof natural history at the University of Barcelona and for twenty-three of the University of Madrid. Strong supporter of Darwin's evolutionary theory, experimental work in the field and laboratory, in this paper puts the value of their efforts, as an educator, to popularize the natural sciences and thus separated from the concerns, superstition and fanaticism, which they were basic reasons of the moral and material back wardness in which Spain was found (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Universities/history , Natural History/history , Biological Evolution , Natural Science Disciplines/history
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