ABSTRACT
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that is used worldwide and raises concerns because of its prevalence in the environment and potential toxicity. Herein, the capability of Fusarium culmorum to degrade a high concentration (3 g/L) of DEHP as the sole carbon and energy source in solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied. Cultures grown on glucose were used as controls. The biodegradation of DEHP by F. culmorum reached 96.9% within 312 h. This fungus produced a 3-fold higher esterase activity in DEHP-supplemented cultures than in control cultures (1288.9 and 443.2 U/L, respectively). In DEHP-supplemented cultures, nine bands with esterase activity (24.6, 31.2, 34.2, 39.5, 42.8, 62.1, 74.5, 134.5, and 214.5 kDa) were observed by zymography, which were different from those in control cultures and from those previously reported for cultures grown in submerged fermentation. This is the first study to report the DEHP biodegradation pathway by a microorganism grown in SSF. The study findings uncovered a novel biodegradation strategy by which high concentrations of DEHP could be biodegraded using two alternative pathways simultaneously. F. culmorum has an outstanding capability to efficiently degrade DEHP by inducing esterase production, representing an ecologically promising alternative for the development of environmental biotechnologies, which might help mitigate the negative impacts of environmental contamination by this phthalate. KEY POINTS: ⢠F. culmorum has potential to tolerate and remove di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ⢠Solid-state fermentation is an efficient system for DEHP degradation by F. culmorum ⢠High concentrations of DEHP induce high levels of esterase production by F. culmorum.
Subject(s)
Diethylhexyl Phthalate , Fusarium , Phthalic Acids , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Esterases/metabolismABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease considered a prototype of the main autoimmune disease and presents serious complications, such as lupus nephritis (LN), which generates a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The SPP1 gene encodes the osteopontin (OPN) protein, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. The variants rs1126616 and rs9138 of this gene have been associated with the inflammatory response. The study aims to analyze the association of the rs1126616 and rs9138 variants of the SPP1 gene in SLE Mexican-Mestizo patients without LN (SLE-LN). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 171 genomic DNA samples from SLE patients were clinically confirmed, of which 111 were SLE without LN, 60 were SLE with LN, and 100 healthy individuals were included as reference group. The rs1126616 variant was genotyped using PCR-RFLPs, and the rs9138 variant was genotyped using qPCR TaqMan. The TT genotype, the recessive model [OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.31-5.82), p = 0.011], and the T allele [OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.26-3.16), p = 0.003] of the rs1126616 variant are risk factors for SLE with LN. By contrast, the rs9138 variant did not show statistically significant differences among SLE patients stratified by LN. In our study of SLE Mexican-Mestizo patients with and without NL, demographic and clinical characteristics do not differ from other SLE populations, and the TT genotype of the rs1126616 variant of the SPP1 gene confers a risk factor for the presentation of LN. Otherwise, the rs9138 variant did not show association with NL.
Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lupus Nephritis , Humans , Lupus Nephritis/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , Alleles , Genotype , OsteopontinABSTRACT
Environmental pollution caused by petroleum-derived plastics continues to increase annually. Consequently, current research is interested in the search for eco-friendly bacterial polymers. The importance of Bacillus bacteria as producers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been recognized because of their physiological and genetic qualities. In this study, twenty strains of Bacillus genus PHA producers were isolated. Production was initially evaluated qualitatively to screen the strains, and subsequently, the strain B12 or Bacillus sp. 12GS, with the highest production, was selected through liquid fermentation. Biochemical and molecular identification revealed it as a novel isolate of Bacillus cereus. Production optimization was carried out using the Taguchi methodology, determining the optimal parameters as 30 °C, pH 8, 150 rpm, and 4% inoculum, resulting in 87% and 1.91 g/L of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Kinetic studies demonstrated a higher production within 48 h. The produced biopolymer was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the production of short-chain-length (scl) polyhydroxyalkanoate, named PHB, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed thermal properties, making it a promising material for various applications. The novel B. cereus isolate exhibited a high %PHB, emphasizing the importance of bioprospecting, study, and characterization for strains with biotechnological potential.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize the main indications, contraindications and prophylactic actions for third molar extraction according to the literature. The Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched using a total of 3 search keys, including publications up to 5 years old, in English or Spanish, with availability of full text. Eighteen articles were selected and showed that the most frequent indication for third molar extraction was the diagnosis of pericoronaritis, followed by distal cervical caries in the lower second molar, and root resorption in adjacent teeth and cysts. In turn, it may be indicated to facilitate other types of dental treatment, such as orthodontics, orthognathic surgery and rehabilitation. In relation to contraindications, the risk of intraoperative complications was associated with the inferior alveolar nerve, advanced age and the predomination of systemic involvement. Prophylactic extraction was included in the analysis in 72.2% of the articles, with a predominance of exodontia of asymptomatic and disease-free third molars. Finally, there are clear indications and contraindications for third molar extraction, being mainly associated with pathological changes, indications for orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery and rehabilitative treatment. However, there is controversy in the literature regarding prophylactic extraction, emphasizing that not all retained and asymptomatic third molars should be extracted. Third molar extraction should be evaluated on a case by case basis, considering the benefits, the patient's characteristics and the risk of postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
The incisive canal is innervated by the nasopalatine nerve and irrigated by the anterior branches of the descending palatine vessels, the sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery. Sometimes, the incisor canal interferes with the placement of implants or other surgical procedures, it is necessary to resort to previous treatments in order to have the ideal conditions in the area to be treated and avoid complications. Methods: 100 cone beam computed tomography were studied evaluating the diameter, length and shape of the incisor canal, distance from the lower edge of the incisor canal to the alveolar ridge, length and width of the bone anterior to the incisor canal, and width of the palatal bone. Results and conclusions: The variables that showed a statistically significant difference comparing between male and female patients were vestibulo-palatal and incisor foramen diameter, incisor canal length, distance from the canal to the central incisor, coronal and medial width of the vestibular bone; and the width of the palatal bone at apical and mid-level; being greater in male patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , IncisorABSTRACT
Resumen Esta guía propone brindar una ayuda a todos los médicos para la identificación metódica de cada marca comercial de marcapasos por radiografía simple de tórax, por medio de sus componentes electrónicos (conectores de electrodos, circuito lógico y batería), siendo necesario para la interrogación de dispositivos de marcapasos posterior a su implante. Se describirán los diferentes tipos de marcapasos, electrodos y modos de programación más frecuentemente utilizados.
Abstract This guide provides help for medical doctors systematically identifying each commercial brand of pacemakers by thoracic radiography through their electronic components (electrode connectors, logic circuit, and battery); this is crucial for watching the pacemaker after being implanted. We aimed to describe the different cardiac stimulation devices, electrodes, and programming modes more frequently used.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La presencia del melanoma maligno cutáneo en felinos exóticos está pobremente reportada. Una hembra de tigre de Bengala blanca (Panthera tigris tigris), de 6 años, no castrada, solitaria y viviendo en un ambiente adecuado, fue evaluada por la presencia de una masa cerca del ojo izquierdo. La histopatología de la biopsia remitida mostró la presencia de melanocitos con características anaplásicas (pleomorfismo, citomegalia, cariomegalia, binucleación), área hemorrágica y foco inflamatorio fibrinoso. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue melanoma maligno. Dos meses después del diagnóstico, la tigresa manifestó un deterioro considerable con pérdida de peso y presencia de una masa redonda en el cuello. En aquel momento, por su tamaño, el melanoma obstruía totalmente la visión. Con base en esto, y por razones humanitarias, el animal fue eutanasiado. Al momento de la necropsia, se observó metástasis en pulmones, pleura y riñones. Este caso evidencia la importancia de dar a conocer la presentación de melanomas en especies poco reportadas.
Abstract The occurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in exotic felids is poorly reported. A 6-year-old, unneutered, solitary, female white Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), living in a suitable environment, was evaluated for the presence of a mass near the left eye. Histopathology of the referred biopsy showed the presence of melanocytes with anaplastic features (pleomorphism, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, binucleation), hemorrhagic area and fibrinous inflammatory focus. The histopathological diagnosis was malignant melanoma. Two months after diagnosis, the tigress manifested considerable deterioration with weight loss and the presence of a round mass on the neck. At that time, because of its size, the melanoma totally obstructed vision. Based on this, and for humane reasons, the animal was euthanized. At the time of necropsy, metastasis was observed in the lungs, pleura and kidneys. This case demonstrates the importance of raising awareness of melanomas in underreported species.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La Retinopatía del Prematuro (ROP) es una de las principales causas de ceguera prevenibles en la infancia. La Fundación Visión implementa; el Programa de Prevención, Detección y Tratamiento en el año 2015. Objetivos: Describir los resultados de implementación y los resultados alcanzados por un programa de ROP en su accesibilidad, efectividad y calidad de atención. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, ambispectivo, de casos consecutivos de recién nacidos prematuros con criterios de evaluación; de una población evaluada en el año 2009 y del 2015 al 2019. Resultados: Las unidades neonatales incluidas aumentaron de 3 a 7; cubriendo Asunción, área Central, Caaguazú y Alto Paraná. De los registros se constato que la cobertura aumento de 36% en el año 2009 a 97% en el 2019. Desde que se instaló el programa; en el primer año la proporción del número de evaluaciones aumento entre el 28 y el 216%; y los resultados globales de julio 2015 a diciembre 2019 fueron: número totales de pacientes con criterio: 2397 pacientes; número totales de pacientes evaluados: 2080 (86,8%), número de pacientes con ROP: 416/2080 pacientes (20%), número de pacientes con ROP que requirieron tratamiento: 76/416 pacientes (18,2%), proporción global de ROP grave con tratamiento: 76/2080 pacientes (3,4%). Conclusiones: El programa a través de un equipo multidisplinario y la inovación con telemedicina logró aumentar la proporción de cobertura y la disminución de los casos graves que requirieron tratamiento.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is one of the main preventable causes of blindness in childhood. The Vision Foundation implemented the Prevention, Detection and Treatment Program in 2015. Objective: To describe the implementation results and the outcomes achieved by a ROP program regarding its accessibility, effectiveness and quality of care. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and ambispective study of consecutive cases of premature newborns with criteria for evaluation, of a population evaluated in the year 2009 and from 2015 to 2019. Results: The participating neonatal units increased from 3 to 7; covering Asunción, the Central, Caaguazú and Alto Paraná Departments. From the records, it was found that program coverage increased from 36% in 2009 to 97% in 2019. Since the beginning of the program, during the first year the proportion of the number of evaluations increased between 28 and 218%; the global results from July 2015 to December 2019 were: total number of patients with criteria: 2397 patients; total number of patients evaluated: 2,080 (88%), number of patients with ROP: 416/2080 patients (20 %), number of patients with ROP requiring treatment: 76/416 patients (18.3%), overall proportion of severe ROP with treatment: 76/2080 patients (3.4%). Conclusions: The program, using a multidisciplinary team and the innovation of telemedicine, managed to increase the proportion of coverage and the reduction of serious cases that require treatment.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad crónica autoinmune presente en el 0.1 - 3.0 % de la población, en la que se encuentran involucradas las glándulas salivales, trayendo consigo manifestaciones orales como caries dental y enfermedad periodontal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la prueba de sialometría en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren primario y secundario. Fueron evaluados clínicamente 40 pacientes con SS primario (n=20) y SS secundario (n=20), ambos grupos diagnosticados con periodontitis crónica. Se registró el índice de placa de Quigley-Hein modificado por Turesky, el índice gingival de Löe y la prueba de silometría estimulada, recolectando saliva parotídea con el dispositivo Carlson-Crittenden. Los pacientes con SS primario tuvieron un índice de placa de (3,53±0,5954) e índice gingival (2,41±0,2608). En pacientes con SS secundario el índice de placa fue (1,62±0,3795) y el índice gingival (1,48±0,3994), con diferencia significativa (p=0,0001) entre ambos grupos. El flujo salival se elevó en pacientes con SS secundario. El presente estudio concluye que el índice de placa y el índice gingival fueron mayores en pacientes con SS primario comparados con pacientes con SS secundario. La prueba de sialometría fue mayor en pacientes con SS secundario.
ABSTRACT: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease present in 0.1 - 3.0 % of the population, in which the salivary glands are involved, bringing with it oral manifestations such as dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the plaque index, gingival index and the sialometry test in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Forty patients with primary SS (n = 20) and secondary SS (n = 20), both groups diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were evaluated clinically. The Quigley-Hein plaque index modified by Turesky, the gingival index of Löe and stimulated sialometry test collected from parotid gland by using Carlson-Crittenden device were recorded. The patients with primary SS had plaque index (3.53 ± 0.5954) and gingival index (2.41 ± 0.2608). The patients with secondary SS had a plaque index (1.62 ± 0.3795) and gingival index (1.48 ± 0.3994), with significant difference between both groups. The present study concludes that plaque index and gingival index were higher in patients with primary SS than patients with secondary SS. Sialometry test were higher in patients with secondary SS.
ABSTRACT
La crisis sanitaria global que es la COVID-19 arroja al pensamiento hacia lugares incómodos. En el presente manuscrito sugiero que la filosofía pospandémica, de ahora en adelante, no puede ni podrá desentenderse del fenómeno de lo viviente, específicamente del viviente animal no humano. Precisamente, producto de la indiferencia de la cuestión animal, la filosofía ha creído por pretérita la tesis cartesiana del animal-máquina. Muy por el contrario, en este texto propongo que dicha comprensión del animal no tiene nada de arcaica, y que, provocada por el contexto pandémico, podría dar a lugar a lo que tentativamente es posible denominar "cartesianismo distópico". Ante esta consumación, cuya cristalización es el devenir (total) máquina del animal no humano, una bioética animal podría servir como vía para contravenir el cartesianismo distópico
The global health crisis that is the COVID-19 throws the thinking into uncomfortable places. In the present manuscript I suggest that post-pandemic philosophy, from now on, cannot and will not ignore the phenomenon of the living, specifically the living non-human animal. Precisely, as a result of the indifference of the animal question, philosophy has believed in the past the Cartesian thesis of the animal-machine. On the contrary, in this text we propose that such understanding of the animal is not archaic at all, and that, triggered by the pandemic context, could give rise to what can tentatively be called "dystopian Cartesianism". In front of this consummation, whose crystallization is the (total) machine becoming of the non-human animal, an animal bioethics could serve as a way to contravene the dystopian Cartesianism
La crisi sanitària global que és la COVID-19 llança el pensament cap a llocs incòmodes. En el present manuscrit suggereixo que la filosofia postpandèmica, d'ara endavant, no es pot ni es podrà desentendre del fenòmen del que és viu, específicament del vivent animal no humà. Precisament, producte de la indiferència de la qüestió animal, la filosofia ha cregut per pretèrita la tesi cartesiana de l'animal-màquina. Molt al contrari, en aquest text proposo que aquesta comprensió de l'animal no té res d'arcaica, I que, provocada pel context pandèmic, podria donar a lloc al que temptativament és possible anomenar "cartesianisme distòpic". Davant d'aquesta consumació, la cristal·lització del qual és l'esdevenir (total) màquina de l'animal no humà, una bioètica animal podria servir com a via per contravenir el cartesianisme distòpic
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Bioethical Issues , Models, Animal , Animal Experimentation/ethics , Animals, Domestic , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Animal Care CommitteesABSTRACT
Resumen El tapir de Baird o centroamericano (Tapirus bairdii), también conocido como danta, habita en bosques tropicales, bosques montañosos bajos, bosques caducifolios, praderas inundadas y humedales. La anatomía interna del tapir es análoga al caballo doméstico, al igual que su fórmula dental. Los molares carecen de cemento y tienen coronas pequeñas o bajas, por lo que son totalmente lofodontes. La inflamación mandibular en los tapires es muy común en las colecciones cautivas y su etiología y prevalencia han sido objeto de discusión, pero no se han definido. Este trabajo sugiere al cambio de dentición y la retención de la corona "tapas" como una posible etiología de inflamación mandibular, basado en su contraparte: el caballo, que fisiológicamente sobrelleva el siguiente proceso: a medida que los dientes permanentes se desarrollan por debajo de los dientes primarios, se desarrolla un proceso fisiológico de reabsorción y desplazamiento de vértices dentales, lo que acelera la erupción del diente caducifolio. La presión continua hace que las raíces sean reabsorbidas, y el poco suministro de sangre lleva a que los tejidos blandos sufran necrosis y, por ende, que la "tapa" se afloje. Tanto la gingivitis como la enfermedad periodontal pueden resultar de los restos radiculares de las raíces fracturadas que permanecen en el espacio subgingival después de eliminada "la tapa", aunado a la contaminación con los alimentos y bacterias.
Abstract Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii), also known as danta, inhabits tropical forests, lower mountain forests, deciduous forests, flooded meadows and wetlands. The internal anatomy of the tapir is analogous to the domestic horse, as is its dental formula. Molars lack cement and have small or low crowns, being fully lofodonts. Mandibular inflammation in tapirs is very common in captive collections and their etiology and prevalence have been discussed, but have not been defined. This work suggests changing teething and retaining the crown "caps" as a possible etiology of jaw inflammation based on its counterpart the horse, which physiologically copes with the following process: as permanent teeth develop below the primary teeth, a physiological process of resorption and vertex displacement develops, accelerating the eruption of the deciduous tooth. Continuous pressure causes the roots to be reabsorbed, and low blood supply leads to necrosis in the soft tissues and thus loosening the "cap". Both gingivitis and periodontal disease can result from splinters of broken roots that remain in subgingival space after "the cap" is removed, and this coupled with contamination with food and bacteria.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños y adolescentes temporalmente relacionado con COVID-19 es una presentacioÌn clínica de la infeccioÌn por SARS-CoV-2. Comparte algunas características con la enfermedad de Kawasaki, el shock toÌxico, la sepsis, el síndrome de activacioÌn macrofágica y la miocarditis. Son escasas las publicaciones que abordan su manejo inicial, que tiene semejanzas con el propuesto para el shock seÌptico. Esta revisioÌn analiza dicho abordaje basado en las características propias del síndrome inflamatorio multisisteÌmico relacionado con COVID-19, de acuerdo con el paradigma de construccioÌn de una "guía de práctica institucional", y sugiere estrategias de aproximacioÌn terapeÌutica, que incluyen deteccioÌn temprana, estabilizacioÌn, referencia, tratamiento específico y análisis de proceso
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally related to COVID-19 in children and adolescents is a clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It shares some features with Kawasaki disease, toxic shock, sepsis, macrophage activation syndrome, and myocarditis. Few publications have addressed its initial management, which is similar to that proposed for septic shock. This review analyzes such approach based on the characteristics typical of multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 in accordance with the paradigm of an "institutional practice guideline" and suggests therapeutic approach strategies, including early detection, stabilization, referral, specific treatment, and process analysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Referral and Consultation , Shock, Septic/physiopathology , Shock, Septic/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
Resumen El sargazo es un ecosistema marino milenario que circula en el sentido de las manecillas del reloj en el Océano Atlántico. A partir de 2011, el alga flotante que lo compone ha comenzado a recalar en playas de 19 países del Caribe, con consecuencias ambientales, sanitarias y económicas que deben atenderse con urgencia.
Abstract Sargassum constitutes an ancient marine ecosystem that circulates clockwise on the Atlantic Ocean. Upon 2011, the pelagic seaweed which is the main component of sargassum started to reach beaches on 19 Caribbean countries, with environmental, health and economic impacts that need to be addressed urgently.
Subject(s)
Bathing Beaches , Ecosystem , Sargassum/growth & development , Hydrogen Sulfide/toxicity , Water Movements , Atlantic Ocean , Caribbean Region , Sargassum/chemistry , Environmental Exposure , Gases/toxicityABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar si la colocación de los dispositivos interespinosos siliconados tipo DIAM favorecen una tasa más alta de recidiva de la hernia discal homolateral clínica y por imágenes comparada con la discectomía pura. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional, aleatorizado desde mayo de 2009 hasta mayo de 2013, en nuestro Centro. Se evaluó a 123 pacientes, 3 se perdieron en el seguimiento; la muestra incluyó 120 sujetos. Todos fueron operados por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Se formaron dos grupos: grupo A: discectomía más colocación de dispositivo interespinoso siliconado, 30 pacientes (16 mujeres y 14 hombres), con mayor frecuencia L4-L5 (27 pacientes, 90%) y grupo B: discectomías puras, 90 pacientes (53 mujeres y 37 hombres) con más frecuencia L4 y L5 (72 pacientes, 80%). Resultados: Seis de los pacientes del grupo A (20%) tuvieron una recidiva clínica y por imágenes, y 3 (10%) fueron operados nuevamente; en el grupo B, hubo 4 recidivas discales (4,4%), uno fue operado nuevamente (1,1%). Se hallaron diferencias significativas en las tasas de recidiva y reintervención entre los grupos (p = 0,0073 y p = 0,0188, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los beneficios de los dispositivos interespinosos para tratar el canal estrecho lumbar secundario a hernia de disco son controvertidos, pero en nuestro estudio, se halló una diferencia significativa según el grupo. Al mantener el movimiento del segmento y cambiar ligeramente las cargas fisiológicas aumentarían la tasa de recidiva discal; no obstante, son necesarios estudios con mayor evidencia científica para corroborar estas tendencias. Nivel de Evidencia: III
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if discectomy with placement of an interspinous DIAM silicon spacer is associated with a different rate of clinical and radiological recurrent ipsilateral disc herniation compared to discectomy alone. Methods: A prospective, observational, randomized study was performed from May 2009 to May 2013 at our center. Of the 123 patients included in the study, 3 were lost to follow-up, leaving 120 patients for data analysis. All patients were operated on by the same surgical team. Patients received one of two types of treatment. Group A consisted of 30 patients (16 women and 14 ment) who underwent discectomy with placement of an interspinous DIAM silicone spacer. Group B was comprised of 90 patients (53 women and 37 men) treated by discectomy alone. Results: Discectomy at L4-L5 level was the most common approach, being performed in 90% (27) of Group A patients and 80% (72) of Group B patients. Group A demonstrated clinical and radiological recurrent disc herniation in 6/30 (20%) patients. Recurrent disc herniation developed in 4/90 (4.4%) of Group B patients. One patient underwent surgical revision (1.1%). Both recurrence and surgical revision were significantly higher in Group A (p = 0.007 and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: The benefits of interspinous devices for the treatment of the lumbar spinal stenosis secondary to disc herniation are controversial, and this study showed a significant intergroup difference. In this study, patients that underwent discectomy and interspinous spacer placement had higher revision and recurrence rates than discectomy patients that did not receive an interspinous spacer. Interspinous spacers may increase the rate of disc herniation by preserving movement at the level of the original disc herniation and changing the physiologic load. Further studies are needed to corroborate and evaluate these trends. Level of Evidence: III
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Internal Fixators/adverse effects , Diskectomy , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
Introducción: El nervio dentario inferior es una estructura anatómica de la mandíbula, la cual presenta variaciones como el asa mandibular, ambas estructuras están relacionadas con iatrogenias con tratamientos como cirugías orales, regeneraciones óseas e implantes. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar las características del asa mandibular y el agujero mentoniano utilizando tomografía axial computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en pacientes del Postgrado de Periodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Material y métodos: Se analizaron un total de 110 CBCT, de los cuales 61 entraron al estudio cumpliendo con los criterios de inclusión, se realizaron cortes transversales utilizando el software On Demand® para identifi car y medir el asa mandibular y localizar la posición del agujero mentoniano de ambos lados separando los grupos por género. Resultados: La prevalencia del asa mandibular fue de 32.8% de 61 CBCT que se analizaron, se observó más comúnmente en hombres y de manera bilateral, y cuando fue unilateral sólo se encontró en el lado derecho, la longitud promedio fue de 6 ± 1 mm. El agujero mentoniano se detectó en mayor porcentaje apical al segundo premolar inferior con un diámetro promedio de 3.5 ± 0.5 mm, alejándose de la raíz del diente adyacente en un promedio de 6 ± 1 mm y del borde de la mandíbula 12.5 mm ± 0.5 mm. Conclusión: Es de suma importancia identifi car las características anatómicas del asa mandibular y localizar la posición del agujero mentoniano durante la planifi cación del tratamiento para evitar complicaciones durante y después del acto quirúrgico (AU)
Introduction: The inferior dental nerve is an anatomical structure of the mandible which presents variations such as the anterior loop, both structures are related to iatrogenies with treatments such as oral surgeries, bone regenerations and implants. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the characteristics of the anterior loop and the mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients of the Graduate Periodontics Program, School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Material and methods: 110 CBCT were analyzed of which 61 entered the study fulfi lling the inclusion criteria, cross sections were made using the On Demand® software to identify and measure the anterior loop and locate the position of the mental foramen both sides separating our groups by gender. Results: The prevalence of the anterior loop was 32.8% of 61 CBCT that were analyzed, it was found more commonly in men and bilaterally, and when it was unilateral only found on the right side, the average length was 6 ± 1 mm. The mental hole was found in greater percentage apical to the second lower premolar with an average diameter of 3.5 ± 0.5 mm, moving away from the root of the adjacent tooth by an average of 6 ± 1 mm and from the edge of the mandible 12.5 ± 0.5 mm. Conclusion: It is very important to locate these anatomical structures during treatment planning and avoid complications during and after the surgical act (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Sex Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology , MexicoABSTRACT
La meningitis meningocóccica continua siendo un problema de salud en diferentes países y para la prevención de esta enfermedad se han obtenido diferentes vacunas. La vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC® ha constituido ser eficaz y segura en la prevención de la meningitis meningocóccica contra los serogrupos B y C. Esta ha demostrado buena estabilidad en el tiempo sin cambiar su calidad como producto; fue conservada a estante durante 24 y 36 meses a temperaturas de 4 a 8 °C. Se evaluó su posible potencial toxicológico a través de un estudio de tolerancia local en ratas Sprague Dawley para extender su vida útil. Los animales inmunizados se observaron diariamente para evaluar síntomas locales y sistémicos de toxicidad. Se realizaron evaluaciones del peso corporal, consumo de agua y alimento, termometría, musculometría e irritabilidad dérmica por el método de Draize. Se realizaron estudios anatomopatológicos periódicos para observar posibles efectos adversos. No se observaron síntomas de toxicidad ni muertes. No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos experimentales en cuanto al peso corporal, el consumo de agua y de alimentos, no se evidenció fiebre, ni irritabilidad local. Anatomopatológicamente a nivel del punto de inoculación se observaron procesos granulomatosos de tipo macrofágicos característicos en las vacunas que contienen hidróxido de aluminio. Estos resultados permitieron concluir que la vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC® que permaneció en estante durante 24 y 36 meses no evidenció efectos adversos locales, ni sistémicos en las ratas(AU)
Meningococcal meningitis continues to be a health problem in different countries and different vaccines have been obtained for the prevention of this disease. VA-MENGOC-BC® vaccine has been effective and safe in the prevention of meningococcal meningitis against serogroups B and C. This has shown good stability over time without changing its quality as a product; it was stored on a shelf for 24 and 36 months at temperatures of 4 to 8 °C. Their possible toxicological potential was evaluated through a local tolerance study in Sprague Dawley rats. Immunized animals were observed daily to evaluate local and systemic toxicity symptoms. Body weight, water and feed intake, thermometry, musculometry were performed and dermal irritability by the Draize method. Anatomopathological studies to observe possible adverse effects were made. No symptoms of toxicity or deaths were observed. No differences were found between the experimental groups in terms of body weight, water and food consumption, no fever or local irritability was evident. Anatomopathologically no lesions of diagnostic value were observed, at the site of inoculation, granulomatous processes of macrophagic type characteristic in vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide were observed. These results allowed us to conclude that the VA-MENGOC-BC® vaccine that remained on the shelf for 24 and 36 months did not show any local or systemic effects in rats(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Meningococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use , Reference Drugs , Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Objetivo: Comparar la percepción de los padres de familia y Odontopediatras en relación a la sonrisa infantil ideal. Material y Métodos: 2 Grupos de evaluadores: 97 Padres de familia (grupo 1) y 99 Odontopediatras (grupo 2). Se realizaron observaciones fotográficas en 25 fotografías para determinar la percepción de ambos grupos con respecto a la sonrisa estética. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba chi cuadrada con p=0,05. Resultados: Respecto a las expectativas de los padres en cuanto a estética de la sonrisa infantil prefieren una exposición moderada de nivel de tejido gingival, diastemas y espacios interincisales; con una distancia vertical promedio. Los Odontopediatras prefieren una exposición mínima de tejido gingival, dientes juntos, sin diastemas ni espacios interincisales. Conclusiones: Se acepta la hipótesis ya que al comparar la percepción de los padres de familia y Odontopediatras en relación a la sonrisa infantil ideal existió una diferencia significativa entre la percepción visual de los padres de familia y los profesionistas con respecto a la sonrisa ideal.
Objetivo: Comparar a percepção de pais e odontopediatras em relação ao sorriso infantil ideal. Material e Métodos: 2 Grupos de avaliadores: 97 Pais (grupo 1) e 99 Odontopediatras (grupo 2). Imagens de 25 fotografias foram entregues, aos país e odontopediatras, para determinar a percepção em ambos os grupos quanto ao sorriso estético em crianças. Os resultados foram comparados usando o teste do qui-quadrado com p = 0,05. Resultados: Em relação às expectativas dos pais sobre a estética do sorriso infantil, estes prefiraram uma exposição moderada do nível do tecido gengival, diastemas e espaços interincisivos; com uma distância vertical média. Odontopediatras preferiram exposição mínima do tecido gengival, dentes sem diastemas ou espaços interincisivos. Conclusões: A hipótese encontrada sobre o sorriso das crianças do ponto de vista dos país e odontopediatras é que houve uma diferença significativa entre a percepção visual em relação ao sorriso ideal.
Aim: To compare the perception of parents and pedodontists in relation to the ideal child smile. Material and Methods: 2 Groups of evaluators: 97 parents (group 1) and 99 pedodontists (group 2). Photographic observations were performed in 25 photographs to determine the perception of both groups regarding the aesthetic smile. The groups were compared using the chi-square test with p = 0.05. Results: Expectations of the parents regarding the aesthetics of the children's smile, they prefer moderate exposure of gingival tissue, diastemas and interincisal spacings ; with an average vertical distance. Pedodontists prefer minimal exposure of gingival tissue, teeth together, without diastemas or interincisal spacings. Conclusions: The hypothesis is accepted because when comparing the perception of parents and Pedodontists in relation to the ideal child smile there was a significant difference between the visual perception of parents and professionals with respect to the ideal smile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Smiling/physiology , Parents , Perception , Dentists , DentitionABSTRACT
Introducción: La infección posquirúrgica en la columna lumbar es desafortunadamente común, multifactorial y una complicación potencialmente devastadora, que se asocia a un incremento de la morbilidad y la necesidad de futuras cirugías, y en última instancia, puede ser mortal. Con la intención de disminuir la morbilidad posquirúrgica, la medicación y los días de internación, comenzamos a utilizar aloinjerto fresco congelado de cabeza femoral de donantes vivos, en la artrodesis lumbar corta. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el índice de infección en la artrodesis lumbar corta en pacientes con aloinjerto fresco congelado y con autoinjerto. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 153 pacientes divididos en dos grupos: grupo A: 84 pacientes con autoinjerto de cresta ilíaca y grupo B: 69 pacientes con aloinjerto fresco congelado, desde marzo de 2009 hasta enero 2014, sometidos a cirugía instrumentada de fusión espinal lumbar posterolateral. Resultados: Tres de los 153 pacientes operados se perdieron en el seguimiento (2 del grupo A y 1 del grupo B) y la muestra incluyó 150 pacientes (82 del grupo A y 68 del grupo B). Se produjeron tres infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus sensible a la meticilina, todas en el grupo A (4,5%). Ningún paciente de los dos grupos necesitó transfusión. Conclusiones: El uso de aloinjerto fresco congelado en las cirugías de columna lumbar posterolateral de causa degenerativa no se asocia a un aumento en la tasa de infección. Consideramos que el aloinjerto fresco congelado es una excelente alternativa, porque disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico y de hospitalización. Nivel de Evidencia: III
Introduction: Postoperative infection in lumbar spine is unfortunately common, multifactorial and a potentially devastating complication that is associated with increased morbidity and the need for future surgery, being eventually fatal. To reduce postoperative morbidity, medication and hospital stay, we began to use fresh-frozen bone allograft of femoral head from living donors in short lumbar arthrodesis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the rate of infection in patients with short lumbar arthrodesis with fresh-frozen bone allograft versus bone autograft. Methods: Retrospective study in 153 patients divided into two groups: group A, 84 patients with iliac crest autograft and group B, 69 patients with fresh-frozen bone allograft, from March 2009 to January 2014, undergoing instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Results: Three of the 153 operated patients were lost at follow-up (2 in group A and 1 in group B) leaving the sample with 150 patients (82 in group A and 68 in group B). There were three infections caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in group A (4.5%). No patient required transfusion. Conclusions: The use of fresh-frozen bone allograft in posterolateral lumbar spine surgeries for degenerative causes is not associated with an increase in the infection rate. We consider that fresh-frozen bone allograft is an excellent alternative, because it reduces surgical and hospitalization times. Level of Evidence: III
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Spinal Fusion , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Allografts , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In Argentina scorpion stings are the leading cause of venom-related injury to human. Since the beginning of the 20th century Tityus trivittatus is found in Buenos Aires. Scorpion envenomation is a neurotoxic syndrome with local symptoms and systemic manifestations. It could develop cardiac failure, acute pulmonary edema, shock and death. Fortunately, most of the scorpion stings in adult people in Buenos Aires are mild envenomations. A retrospective, descriptive and cross sectional study based on data collected from medical records of patients followed between 1982 and 2013 were done. We compiled a total of 141 human scorpion stings and 115 arthropod captures: 88 T. trivittatus, 10 Bothriurus bonariensis and 17 missed data. The accidents occurred more frequently in the eastern and oldest neighborhoods of the city. Eighteen patients had mild systemic manifestation. There was not any death. Twelve patients received scorpion antivenom. Although recently there was a severe case in 5 years old boy and in some provinces in Argentina death have been reported, most of the envenomations are mild. We observed inadequate treatment in some patients; it is important training on the correct management and prevention of this envenomation.
En Argentina el escorpionismo es el principal envenenamiento por animales ponzoñosos. Desde comienzos del siglo XX, Tityus trivittatus ha sido descripto en Buenos Aires. El escorpionismo es una intoxicación que produce un síndrome neurotóxico con síntomas locales y manifestaciones sistémicas. Puede desencadenar insuficiencia cardiaca, edema agudo de pulmón, shock y muerte. Afortunadamente, la mayoría de los accidentes con escorpiones en adultos en Buenos Aires son intoxicaciones leves. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal basado en información recolectada de las historias clínicas desde 1982 hasta 2013. Se recolectó información sobre un total de 141 intoxicaciones por escorpiones y 115 capturas de artrópodos: 88 T. trivittatus, 10 Bothriurus bonariensis y 17 sin identificar. Los accidentes sucedieron más frecuentemente en los barrios del este y más antiguos de la ciudad. Dieciocho pacientes tuvieron síntomas sistémicos leves. No hubo ninguna muerte. Doce pacientes recibieron antiveneno. La mayoría de los envenenamientos fueron leves, aunque recientemente se produjo un caso grave en un niño de 5 años y en algunas provincias se han registrado muertes. Hemos observado un tratamiento inadecuado en algunos pacientes por lo que consideramos que sería importante capacitar en el correcto manejo y prevención de este envenenamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Scorpion Stings/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Urban AreaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de diferentes marcas de selladores de fosas y fisuras hidrófobos e hidrófilos en Microscopio electrónico de barrido de emisión de campo (MEB-EC) expuestos a humedad relativa. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizaron 40 premolares extraídos con fines ortodóncicos, se dividieron al azar en 8 grupos: Grupo 1: sellador Clinpro® (ambiente seco), Grupo 2: sellador Clinpro® (ambiente húmedo), Grupo 3: sellador Embrace WetBond® (ambiente seco), Grupo 4: sellador Embrace Wet-Bond® (ambiente húmedo), Grupo 5: sellador UltraSeal XT Hydro® (ambiente seco), Grupo 6: sellador UltraSeal XT Hydro® (ambiente húmedo), Grupo 7: sellador UltraSeal XT Plus® (ambiente seco) y el Grupo 8 sellador UltraSeal XT Plus® (ambiente húmedo). Resultados: El Grupo 1 (Clinpro®/ambiente seco) Mostró valores de adhesión al esmalte superiores, de forma estadísticamente significativa, en relación a los demás grupos y mejor calidad en la formación de "tags" en comparación con los otros grupos, independientemente si el ambiente era seco o húmedo. Conclusiones: Los selladores Clinpro 3M®, utilizados en condiciones secas o de relativa humedad demostró tener buenos resultados. La resina fluida UltraSeal XT Plus® utilizada en condiciones húmedas no proporcionó buenos resultados observándose poca formación de tags; los selladores hidrófilos (Embrace Wetbond ® y UltraSeal XT Hydro®) utilizados en un ambiente húmedo tenían una capacidad de adaptación, observándose buena formación de tags; Los selladores hidrófilos usados en ambientes secos no se adaptan a la superficie y tienen una tendencia a fallar en lo que respecta a la adhesión.
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes marcas de selantes hidrofóbicos e hidrofílicos em microscopia eletrônica de varredura expostos à umidade relativa. Materiais e Métodos: 40 prémolares extraídos para fins ortodônticos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos: Grupo 1: Selante Clinpro® (ambiente seco), Grupo 2: Selante Clinpro® (ambiente úmido), Grupo 3: Selante WetBond® de Embrace (ambiente seco) Grupo 4: Selante Embrace WetBond ® (ambiente úmido), Grupo 5: Selante Ultra-Seal XT Hydro® (ambiente seco), Grupo 6: Selante UltraSeal XT Hydro® (ambiente úmido), Grupo 7: selante UltraSeal XT Plus (ambiente seco) ) e selante UltraSeal XT Plus® do Grupo 8 (ambiente úmido). Resultados: O Grupo 1 (Clinpro® / ambiente seco) mostrou valores mais elevados de adesão ao esmalte estatisticamente significativo, em relação aos demais grupos. Também apresentou melhor qualidade na formação de "tags" em comparação com os outros grupos, independentemente se o meio estava seco ou úmido. Conclusões: O selante Clinpro 3M®, utilizado em condições secas ou de umidade relativa, demonstraram bons resultados. A resina fluida UltraSeal XT Plus®, utilizada em condições úmidas, não proporcionou bons resultados com pouca formação de tags. Os selantes hidrofílicos (Embrace Wetbond® e UltraSeal XT Hydro®), utilizados em um ambiente úmido, tiveram capacidade de adaptação, observando boa formação de tags; Os selantes hidrófilos, utilizados em ambientes secos, não se adaptam à superfície e tendem a falhar em relação à adesão.
Objective: Evaluates the effectiveness of different brands of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exposed to relative humidity. Materials and Methods: 40 premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were randomly divided into 8 groups: Group 1: Clinpro® sealant (dry environment), Group 2: Clinpro® sealant (wet environment), Group 3: Embrace WetBond® sealant (dry environment), Group 4: Embrace WetBond® sealant (wet environment), Group 5: UltraSeal XT Hydro® sealant (dry environment), Group 6: UltraSeal XT Hydro® (wet environment) sealant, Group 7: UltraSeal XT Plus sealant® (dry environment) and Group 8 UltraSeal XT Plus® sealant (wet environment). Results: Group 1 (Clinpro® / dry environment) showed higher values of adhesion to the enamel statistically significant, in relation to the other groups. It also showed better quality in the formation of "tags" in comparison with the other groups, independently if the atmosphere was dry or damp. Conclusions: Clinpro 3M® sealants, used in dry or relative humid conditions, proved to have good results. The UltraSeal XT Plus® fluid resin used in wet conditions did not provide good results with little tag formation; the hydrophilic sealants (Embrace Wetbond® and UltraSeal XT Hydro®) used in a humid environment had a capacity of adaptation, observing good formation of tags; Hydrophilic sealants used in dry environments do not adapt to the surface and have a tendency to fail with regard to adhesion.