Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of the Dynamics of COVID-19 Deaths in Peru.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the disease is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study aims to analyze COVID-19 data in Peru using a Bayesian spatio-temporal generalized linear model to elucidate mortality patterns and assess the impact of vaccination efforts. Leveraging data from 194 provinces over 651 days, our analysis reveals heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns in COVID-19 mortality rates. Higher vaccination coverage is associated with reduced mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in mitigating the pandemic's impact. The findings underscore the value of spatio-temporal data analysis in understanding disease dynamics and guiding targeted public health interventions.

Air quality biomonitoring of trace elements in the metropolitan area of Huancayo, Peru using transplanted Tillandsia capillaris as a biomonitor.

The air quality and distribution of trace elements in a metropolitan area of the Peruvian Andes were evaluated using transplanted epiphytic Tillandsia capillaris as biomonitors. Biomonitors were collected from the non-contaminated area and exposed to five sites with different types of contamination for three months in 2017. After exposure, the content of twenty-one elements were determined by ICP-MS analysis. Datasets were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, exposed-to-baseline (EB), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed significant differences among sampling sites for several elements. According to EF ratios for Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn EB ratios value greater than 1.75 were found around urban areas, indicating anthropogenic influence, which can be attributed to vehicular sources. The highest values of As and Cd were found in areas of agricultural practices, therefore their presence could be related to the employment of agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and phosphate fertilizers). HCA shows that most elements come from vehicular sources and lower from agricultural and natural sources.

An exploratory analysis of PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio during 2016-2018 in Metropolitan Lima.

Aerosols (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) represent one of the most critical pollutants due to their negative effects on human health. This research analyzed the relationship of PM and its PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios with climatic variables in the austral spring (2016-2018) in Metropolitan Lima. Overall, there was an average PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio of 0.33 with fluctuations from 0.30 to 0.35. However, there have also been high point values that reached ratios greater than one. This situation indicates a moderate condition of contamination by particulate matter with a predominance of coarse aerosols in spring, with an increasing trend over the years. The locations Ate and Villa Maria del Triunfo, especially Ate, presented poor quality conditions. Thursdays showed outstanding pollution peaks by PM 10 , and a decrease is visible on Sundays. On the other hand, the PM 2.5 showed a similar pattern every day, including Sundays. The maximum peaks occurred in the morning and night hours. The increase in anthropogenic emissions associated with the formation of secondary aerosols has been evident, being the case of the location Campo de Marte, the one that had a significant increase in ratios PM 2.5 /PM 10 , which confirms a greater intensity of secondary formations of carbonaceous particles from industrial oil sources, vehicle exhaust, as well as aerosols from metal smelting and biomass burning. There were negative correlations of the ratios with PM 10 , temperature, wind speed, and direction, and positive correlations with PM 2.5 and relative humidity. Contour lines were successfully developed that demonstrated the interaction of climate with PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratios. This will deepen the exploration of emission sources and modeling, which allows for optimizing air quality indices to control emissions and adequately manage air quality in Metropolitan Lima.

Spatio-temporal visualization and forecasting of [Formula: see text] in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

Air pollution due to air contamination by gases, liquids, and solid particles in suspension, is a great environmental and public health concern nowadays. An important type of air pollution is particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or less ([Formula: see text]) because one of the determining factors that affect human health is the size of particles in the atmosphere due to the degree of permanence and penetration they have in the respiratory system. Therefore, it is extremely interesting to monitor and understand the behavior of [Formula: see text] concentrations so that they do not exceed the established critical levels. In this work, we will study the [Formula: see text] concentrations in all available monitoring stations in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. To better understand its behavior, we will provide a spatio-temporal visualization of the [Formula: see text] concentrations. Besides the descriptive and visualization analysis, we consider six standard and advanced time series models that will be used to fit and forecast [Formula: see text] concentrations, with application to three locations, one in Belo Horizonte, the Minas Gerais state capital, and the monitoring stations with the lowest and highest average [Formula: see text] concentration levels.

A machine learning approach to analyse ozone concentration in metropolitan area of Lima, Peru.

The main objective of this study is to model the concentration of ozone in the winter season on air quality through machine learning algorithms, detecting its impact on population health. The study area involves four monitoring stations: Ate, San Borja, Santa Anita and Campo de Marte, all located in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Exploratory, correlational and predictive approaches are presented. The exploratory results showed that ATE is the station with the highest prevalence of ozone pollution. Likewise, in an hourly scale analysis, the pollution peaks were reported at 00:00 and 14:00. Finally, the machine learning models that showed the best predictive capacity for adjusting the ozone concentration were the linear regression and support vector machine.

Statistical modeling approach for PM10 prediction before and during confinement by COVID-19 in South Lima, Perú.

A total of 188,859 meteorological-PM[Formula: see text] data validated before (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) were used. In order to predict PM[Formula: see text] in two districts of South Lima in Peru, hourly, daily, monthly and seasonal variations of the data were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear/nonlinear modeling were applied. The results showed the highest annual average PM[Formula: see text] for San Juan de Miraflores (SJM) (PM[Formula: see text]-SJM: 78.7 [Formula: see text]g/m[Formula: see text]) and the lowest in Santiago de Surco (SS) (PM[Formula: see text]-SS: 40.2 [Formula: see text]g/m[Formula: see text]). The PCA showed the influence of relative humidity (RH)-atmospheric pressure (AP)-temperature (T)/dew point (DP)-wind speed (WS)-wind direction (WD) combinations. Cool months with higher humidity and atmospheric instability decreased PM[Formula: see text] values in SJM and warm months increased it, favored by thermal inversion (TI). Dust resuspension, vehicular transport and stationary sources contributed more PM[Formula: see text] at peak times in the morning and evening. The Multiple linear regression (MLR) showed the best correlation (r = 0.6166), followed by the three-dimensional model LogAP-LogWD-LogPM[Formula: see text] (r = 0.5753); the RMSE-MLR (12.92) exceeded that found in the 3D models (RMSE [Formula: see text]) and the NSE-MLR criterion (0.3804) was acceptable. PM[Formula: see text] prediction was modeled using the algorithmic approach in any scenario to optimize urban management decisions in times of pandemic.

Air quality assessment and pollution forecasting using artificial neural networks in Metropolitan Lima-Peru.

The prediction of air pollution is of great importance in highly populated areas because it directly impacts both the management of the city's economic activity and the health of its inhabitants. This work evaluates and predicts the Spatio-temporal behavior of air quality in Metropolitan Lima, Peru, using artificial neural networks. The conventional feedforward backpropagation known as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the Recurrent Artificial Neural network known as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) were implemented for the hourly prediction of [Formula: see text] based on the past values of this pollutant and three meteorological variables obtained from five monitoring stations. The models were validated using two schemes: The Hold-Out and the Blocked-Nested Cross-Validation (BNCV). The simulation results show that periods of moderate [Formula: see text] concentration are predicted with high precision. Whereas, for periods of high contamination, the performance of both models, the MLP and LSTM, were diminished. On the other hand, the prediction performance improved slightly when the models were trained and validated with the BNCV scheme. The simulation results showed that the models obtained a good performance for the CDM, CRB, and SMP monitoring stations, characterized by a moderate to low level of contamination. However, the results show the difficulty of predicting this contaminant in those stations that present critical contamination episodes, such as ATE and HCH. In conclusion, the LSTM recurrent artificial neural networks with BNCV adapt more precisely to critical pollution episodes and have better predictability performance for this type of environmental data.

Phase I Study of Zotiraciclib in Combination with Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent High-grade Astrocytomas.

PURPOSE: To investigate the toxicity profile and establish an optimal dosing schedule of zotiraciclib with temozolomide in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This two-stage phase I trial determined the MTD of zotiraciclib combined with either dose-dense (Arm1) or metronomic (Arm2) temozolomide using a Bayesian Optimal Interval design; then a randomized cohort expansion compared the progression-free survival rate at 4 months (PFS4) of the two arms for an efficient determination of a temozolomide schedule to combine with zotiraciclib at MTD. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic profiling were included. Patient-reported outcome was evaluated by longitudinal symptom burden. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes, and fatigue. MTD of zotiraciclib was 250 mg in both arms and thus selected for the cohort expansion. Dose-dense temozolomide plus zotiraciclib (PSF4 40%) compared favorably with metronomic temozolomide (PFS4 25%). Symptom burden worsened at cycle 2 but stabilized by cycle 4 in both arms. A significant decrease in absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil reactive oxygen species production occurred 12-24 hours after an oral dose of zotiraciclib but both recovered by 72 hours. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenomic analyses revealed that the CYP1A2_5347T>C (rs2470890) polymorphism was associated with higher AUCinf value. CONCLUSIONS: Zotiraciclib combined with temozolomide is safe in patients with recurrent high-grade astrocytomas. Zotiraciclib-induced neutropenia can be profound but mostly transient, warranting close monitoring rather than treatment discontinuation. Once validated, polymorphisms predicting drug metabolism may allow personalized dosing of zotiraciclib.

New orodispersible mini-tablets for paediatric use - A comparison of isomalt with a mannitol based co-processed excipient.

The development of orodispersible mini-tablets (ODMTs) for paediatric use has gained importance within recent years as European authorities set up regulations for developing suitable and palatable dosage forms for paediatric patients. Polyols like mannitol and isomalt are frequently used in the manufacture of tablets where sensory properties have to be taken into account. In literature, ODTMs based on a commercialized co-processed excipient based on mannitol (Ludiflash®) have been already described. Isomalt is known for its pleasant sensory properties and therefore appears to be a good candidate for ODMTs. The feasibility of the direct compression grade of isomalt for the manufacture of ODMTs was assessed and compared to Ludiflash®. Hydrochlorothiazide and enalapril maleate were chosen as model drugs and compressed to 2 mm mini-tablets. ODMTs could be obtained fulfilling the criteria of Ph.Eur. with disintegration times of 180 s or even the FDA limit of 30 s. Dissolution studies and mass variation were fulfilled for all mini-tablets. Acceptance values (AV) ≤ 15 were achieved for formulations based on both isomalt and Ludiflash®. Stability data showed the change of disintegration time and tensile strength as a function of storing time, condition and excipient. Both excipients showed their potential for ODMTs for paediatric use.

Esquema de ayuno intermitente y reducción de medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico, presión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular / Scheme of intermittent fasting and reduction of anthropometric measures, lipid profile, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk

Introducción: El estilo de vida juega un rol fundamental en el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del esquema de ayuno intermitente 16/8 frente a las medidas antropométricas, valores de perfil lipídico, presión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular. Método: Estudio analítico longitudinal con intervención. Quince pacientes tratados en el área de nutrición en un centro privado entre enero y octubre del 2020 sometidos al esquema de ayuno intermitente 16/8 por cuatro meses, buscando la reducción de medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico, presión arterial y/o riesgo cardiovascular. Variables: peso corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura ­ cadera (ICC), circunferencia abdominal, perfil lipídico, riesgo cardiovascular según Framingham (tabla de Framingham AMR B), índices colesterol total/HDL y LDL/HDL. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 47.1 años, la talla promedio fue 1.66 m., el peso corporal promedio fue 84.3 Kg., el promedio del IMC fue 30.46, el promedio del ICC fue 0.94, el promedio de la circunferencia abdominal fue 99.87, el promedio del colesterol total, HDL y LDL fue 240.06, 43.73 y 153.2 respectivamente, el promedio del riesgo cardiovascular según Framingham fue 0.11% y el promedio de los índices colesterol total/HDL y LDL/HDL fue 5.88 y 3.69. La evaluación de promedios antes y después encontró diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) a los 3 y 4 meses de evaluación. Conclusiones: El esquema de ayuno intermitente mostró reducción significativa de las medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico y riesgo cardiovascular. Adicionalmente se observó aumento del HDL.

Introduction: Lifestyle is a fundamental role in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and chronic diseases. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the 16/8 intermittent fasting scheme against anthropometric measurements, lipid profile values, blood pressure ​​and cardiovascular risk. Method: Longitudinal analytical study with intervention. Fifteen patients treated in the nutrition area in a private center between January and October 2020 submitted to the 16/8 intermittent fasting scheme for four months, seeking to reduce anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, blood pressure and / or cardiovascular risk. Variables: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip index (WHI), abdominal circumference, lipid profile, cardiovascular risk according to Framingham (Framingham AMR B table), total cholesterol / HDL and LDL / HDL indices. Results: The average age was 47.1 years, the average height was 1.66 m., The average body weight was 84.3 Kg., The average of the BMI was 30.46, the average of the WHI was 0.94, the average of the abdominal circumference was 99.87, the mean total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were 240.06, 43.73 and 153.2 respectively, the mean cardiovascular risk according to Framingham was 0.11% and the mean total cholesterol / HDL and LDL / HDL indices were 5.88 and 3.69. The evaluation of averages before and after found significant differences (p <0.05) at 3 and 4 months of evaluation. Conclusions: The intermittent fasting scheme showed a significant reduction in anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk. Additionally, an increase in HDL was observed.

¿Qué tan válidas y confiables son las interpretaciones derivadas del Florida Patient Acceptance Survey en español? / How valid and reliable are the interpretations arising from the Spanish version of the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey?

Sr. Editor: Cada vez es más frecuente realizar investigaciones que examinen las evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de instrumentos de medida, con el fin de garantizar su uso en ciencias de la salud. Un ejemplo de ello es el importante estudio de Castillo-Sierra, González-Consuegra y Olaya-Sánchez1, que tuvo como objetivo obtener una versión en español, adaptada al contexto colombiano, del Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS) que contara con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y con una estructura similar al instrumento original. Para esto, los autores evalúan la validez facial y de contenido, así como la confiabilidad mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Sin embargo, es necesario aclarar algunas limitaciones metodológicas observadas en el estudio y plantear procedimientos alternativos y más acordes con lo sugerido en la literatura psicométrica actual.

Construction and use of a microfluidic dissection platform for long-term imaging of cellular processes in budding yeast.

This protocol describes the production and operation of a microfluidic dissection platform for long-term, high-resolution imaging of budding yeast cells. At the core of this platform is an array of micropads that trap yeast cells in a single focal plane. Newly formed daughter cells are subsequently washed away by a continuous flow of fresh culture medium. In a typical experiment, 50-100 cells can be tracked during their entire replicative lifespan. Apart from aging-related research, the microfluidic platform can also be a valuable tool for other studies requiring the monitoring of single cells over time. Here we provide step-by-step instructions on how to fabricate the silicon wafer mold, how to produce and operate the microfluidic device and how to analyze the obtained data. Production of the microfluidic dissection platform and setting up an aging experiment takes ~7 h.

Infliximab en pacientes con enfermedad ocular inflamatoria, refractarios a DARMES / Infliximab in patients with inflammatory DMARDs-refractory eye disease

Se describe la experiencia con infliximab (anticuerpo monoclonal con una potente acción antiinflamatoria) en el tratamiento de enfermedades oculares inflamatorias secundarias a patologías reumáticas y refractarias a drogas antirreumáticas modificadoras de la enfermedad (DARMES). Se evaluó el caso de una paciente de 50 años con artritis reumatoide (AR) de fondo activo y una paciente de 37 años con vasculitis anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos especifico para mieloperoxidasa (ANCA MPO) sin compromiso de órgano noble, ambas con escleritis bilateral y perforación con prolapso de iris del ojo izquierdo. Ellas recibieron infliximab EV en dosis de 3 a 5 mg/kg/dosis, según el esquema, a las 0, 2, 6 y 8 semanas. Infliximab resultó eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento de escleritis asociada a AR y vasculitis ANCA MPO positivo, refractaria a tratamiento con DARMES y corticoides en dosis altas. Los injertos de tejido esclerocorneal evolucionaron favorablemente con infliximab.

Experience with infliximab (monoclonal antibody with strong anti-inflammatory action) for treatment of ocular inflammatory disease secondary to rheumatic diseases and refractory to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is described. We evaluated the cases of a 50 year-old patient with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a 37 year-old patient with myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic vasculitis antibody (MPO ANCA) without noble organ affectation, both with bilateral scleritis and left eye corneal perforation with iris prolapse. They received infliximab 3-5 mg/kg IV at 0, 2, 6, and 8 weeks. Infliximab was effective and safe for treatment of scleritis associated to RA and MPO ANCA positive vasculitis refractory to treatment with both DMARDs and high dose corticosteroids. Corneoscleral tissue grafts developed favorably with infliximab.

Analgesia postoperatoria con bupivacaína, fentanilo y morfina raquídea en pacientes sometidos a resección transuretral de cáncer de próstata / Postoperative analgesia whit espinal bupivacaine, fentanyl and morphine in patients undergoing transurethal resection for cancer prostate

Objetivo: Establecer los niveles de dolor postoperatorio y los cambios hemodinámicos no invasivos en los pacientes sometidos a resección transuretral de próstata de próstata con la combinación de bupivacaína, fentanilo y morfina raquídea. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 46 pacientes con cáncer de próstata sometidos a resección transuretral que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas durante los meses de enero a junio del 2009. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 19.0. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: El 96% de los pacientes tuvo una clasificación de ASA II. A partir de las 12 horas postoperatorias se evidenció aumento en la valoración de la escala visual análoga del dolor, además se evidenció aumento (p=0.001, 95% de confianza) de los valores de presión arterial media y frecuencia cardíaca. El 8.7% de los pacientes presentó náuseas mientras que el 86% no tuvo eventos adversos. Conclusión: La técnica con bupivacaína, fentanilo y morfina raquídea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata representa una alternativa para reducir el dolor en cirugía urológica oncológica.

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative pain levels and noninvasive hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing transurethal resection of the prostate with the combination of spinal bupivacaine, fentanyl and morphine. Material and methods: A prospective descriptive study was perfomed in 46 patients with prostate cancer undergoing transurethral resection who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas from January to June 2009. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0. Ap < 0.05 was considered a significant value. Results: 96% of patients were ASA II. After 12 hours, in the portoperative period, there was an increase in the valuation of the visual analogue scale of pain and there was an evident increase (p = 0.001, 95% confidence) in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate. 8.7% of patients experienced nausea while 86% had no adverse events. Conclusion: The technique with bupivacaine, spinal fentanyl and morphine in patients with prostate cancer represents an alternative for reducing pain in urologic oncology.

Ketamina intranasal para inducción de la anestesia en niños / Intranasal ketamine for induction of anesthesia in children

Se han estudiado 40 niños, con una edad de 19-60 meses, todos ASA I. Se les dividió en 2 grupos, unos que recibieron Ketamina 8 mg/kg intranasal y el otro grupo solución salina 0.15cc/kg intranasal. Se evaluaron la respuesta a órdenes verbales, respuesta al separarlo de los padres, respuesta a la función venosa, respuesta a la instalación de máscara de O2+ Halotano 5%. El grupo que recibió Ketamina intranasal: no respondió adecuadamente a órdenes verbales, al ser separado de sus padres estuvieron tranquilos o indiferentes, a la función venosa respondieron sin movimientos de defensa. Al evaluar la respuesta a la instalación de la máscara de O2+Halotano 5%, respondió sin movimientos de defensa. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó utilizando x². El efecto clínico obtenido es beneficioso porque facilita la inducción de Anestesia general y evita los traumas psicológicos subyacentes para el niño sometido a un acto quirúrgico.

Hipoxemia en el post operatorio inmediato en cirugía radical / Hypoxemia in the immediate post operative in radical surgery

Se han estudiado 60 pacientes de ambos sexos con una edad promedio de 48±17 años, peso promedio de 60 kg. El promedio de duración de la anestesia fue de 250 minutos. El agente común de inhalación utilizado fue el halotano y el relajante muscular usado la succinil colina a goteo. Los procesos quirúrgicos estudiados fueron ginecológicos, abdominales, tórax, en pacientes sanos y pacientes con algunas alteraciones cardiorespiratorias evaluadas según ASA. La incidencia de hipoxemia en el período inmediato fue determinado usando un oxímetro de pulso para pruebas continuas de saturacón de oxígeno arterial (Sa O2) respirando el aire de la habitación, durante su transferencia de la sala de operaciones a la sala de recuperación. La hipoxemia leve se determinó como Sa O2 89-94%. La hipoxemia moderada se determina como Sa O2 75-88%. La hipoxemia severa se determinó como Sa O20.05.

Técnicas reparadoras em crianças com anomalias congênitas da valva mitral: resultados clínicos tardios / Valve repair techniques in children with congenital mitral valve anomalies: late clinical results

Background: Congenital mitral valve disease is associated with complex deformities of mitral apparatus. Annular support should be avoided in children and adolescents. Since 1975 we have employed non-supported techniques for mitral repair. Objective: This paper presents long term clinical results for repair in congenital mitral valve disease in children under 12 years of age. Patients and Methods: This series comprises 21 patients operated from 1995 to 1998. Mean age 4.6 ñ 3.4 years. Female sex 47.6 per cent mitral regurgitation in 57.1 per cent (12 pt), stenosis 28.6 per cent (6 pt) and mixed lesion 14.3 per cent (3 pt). Perfusion time was 43.1 ñ 9.5 min and ischemic time 29.4 ñ 10.5 min. Follow-up time was 41.5 ñ 53.6 months for the regurgitation group (12 pt) and 46.3 ñ 32.0 months for the stenosis group (4 pt followed). Results: Operative mortality was 9.5 per cent (2 cases), both in the stenosis group. There was no late death. In the regurgitation group, 10 pt (83.3 per cent) were assymptomatic. Echocardiographic control at a mean follow-up time of 37.1 ñ 39.5 months showed, in 9 cases, 1 without reflux, 6 mild and 2 moderate reflux. There was 1 reoperation at 48 months post operative for a new valve repair. In the stenosis group, there were 4 patients followed, all in functional class I, 2 without drugs. Echo control at a mean follow-up time of 42.6 ñ 30.5 months showed mean gradient from 8 to 12 mmHg. The mixed lesion group had 1 reoperation after 43 post-operative months. There were no cases of endocarditis or thromboembolism. Conclusion: Mitral valve repair in congenital lesions is associated with good late results. The majority of cases remain assymptomatic and free of reoperations. Failures are related to complexity of deformities. Rings on annular support are not necessary. Repair of regurgitation performs better than these for stenosis.

indicación y uso de corticoides inhalados en el manejo de asma en niños en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño / Indication and use of corticoides inhaled in the managing asthma in children in the National Institute of Health of the Child

Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de la indicación de corticoides inhalados para el manejo de asma crónica en niños atendidos en el INSN. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal, se encuestaron 143 pacientes en la Unidad de Asma y Consultorios de Pediatría del INSN en el mes de noviembre de 2010. Resultados: En este trabajo se encontró que 112 (78.3 por ciento) de los pacientes con diagnóstico de asma bronquial, tienen indicación de uso de corticoides inhalados. El corticoides inhalado más frecuente usado en la Unidad de Asma y Consultorios de Pediatría del INSN es la Budesonida de 200 ug, 61 pacientes (54.5 por ciento)...

Objetive: To determine the frequency of inhaled corticosteroid indicated for the management of chronic asthma in children treated at the INSN. method: cross sectional study, 143 patients were surveyed in the Unit of Asthma and in the Pediatrics Clinics of the INSN in November 2010. Results: This study found that 112 (78. 3 per cent) patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, it is an indication of use of inhaled corticosteroids. The most frequently used inhaled corticosteroids in the Unit of Asthma and pediatric clinics of INSN is Budesonide of 200ug, in 61 patients (54,5 per cent)...

Efecto analgésico de la cocaína intravenosa en el dolor experimental en humanos / Analgesic efect of intravenous cocaine in experimental pain in humans

El efecto analgésico de la cocaína i.v. no ha sido adecuadamente evaluado, en un estudio a doble ciego de 13 voluntarios sanos, nosotros encontramos que tan poco como 3 mg. de cocaína i.v. produce un mayor alivio estadísticamente del dolor isquémico experimental de Beecher & Smith que cuando se administran placebo (solución salina) P<0.0005